scholarly journals Improvement of 2000-m Rowing Performance With Caffeinated Carbohydrate-Gel Ingestion

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Scott ◽  
Thomas O’Leary ◽  
Simon Walker ◽  
Rachel Owen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:To investigate the effect of ingesting a caffeinated carbohydrate gel (CC) 10 minutes prior on 2000-m rowing performance compared with a carbohydrate-only placebo gel (CP).Methods:A counterbalanced, single-blind, crossover study design was employed (N = 13). All participants completed 1 familiarization trial followed by 2 experimental rowing time trials. The experimental trials were performed 10 min after ingesting CP (21.6 g of carbohydrate, 0 mg caffeine) or CC (21.6 g carbohydrate, 100 mg caffeine), and heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation (VE), respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), gastrointestinal discomfort (GI), and thirst perception (Thirst) were recorded every 200 m. Blood lactate [La−] was recorded immediately before and after exercise.Results:A paired-samples t test identified a significant improvement in 2000-m performance of 5.2 ± 3.9 s (1.1% ± 1.7%; P = .034). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no significant treatment effect for HR (177 ± 8 vs 177 ± 9 beats/min, P = .817), VO2 (46.1 ± 6.5 vs 46.6 ± 6.2 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .590), VE (121.8 ± 14.7 vs 124.8 ± 15.7 L/min, P = .490), RPE, GI, or Thirst for CP and CC, respectively. Paired-samples t tests revealed no treatment effect for postexercise [La−] between CP and CC (11.72 ± 2.69 vs 12.26 ± 3.13 mmol/L, P = .534).Conclusion:A relatively low dose of caffeine (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg body mass) in an isotonic carbohydrate gel ingested only 10 min before performance improved 2000-m rowing time by 5.2 ± 7.8 s (1.1% ± 1.7%).

Effect of ENDUROX™ on Metabolic Responses to Submaximal Exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽  
Robert J. Moffatt ◽  
Kyle D. Biggerstaff ◽  
Shawn Bearden ◽  
Paul McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Glycerol ◽  
Male Subjects

Claims that ENDUROX™ enhances performance by altering metabolic responses to exercise were tested. In a double-blind crossover design, 10 male subjects were randomly assigned to consume 400 mg of placebo or 800 mg ENDUROX™ for 7 days. Cycle ergometry was performed for 30 minutes at 25%, followed by 10 min at 65% of peak oxygen consumption. After a 1-week washout period, subjects performed the identical exercise protocol following 7 days of reciprocal supplemental conditions. Expired gases were collected and analyzed continuously for oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate, and serum glycerol data were also collected at regular intervals. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant main or interaction effects involving group differences (p > 0.05) between trials for any variable during rest, 25% or 65% (VO2 peak), or recovery. Our findings do not support the ergogenic claims for ENDUROX™.

Physiological responses on the Concept II BikeErg and Concept II RowErg in well-trained male rowers

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412096818
Author(s):  
Kirstie J Turner ◽  
Anthony J Rice
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Stationary cycling is a common training mode of rowers, used to provide variety in training programs and prevent overuse injuries commonly associated with the repetitive nature of the rowing stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in physiological responses on a Concept II BikeErg (Concept II BikeErg; Concept2 Inc., US) and Concept II RowErg (Concept II Model D; Concept2 Inc., US) at matched submaximal workloads so training load can be appropriately prescribed for stationary cycling. Ten well-trained, male rowers completed 6 min of exercise at four submaximal workloads (50%, 62.5%, 75% and 87.5% of their most recent 2000 m RowErg score) interspersed with 2-minute recovery periods on both ergometers in a single day. Ergometer order was randomised and balanced between groups. At matched power output (PO) results while on the RowErg were significantly higher across all workloads for rate of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), rate of carbon dioxide production ([Formula: see text]), minute ventilation ([Formula: see text]) and heart rate (HR) (p < 0.05) and across the final two workloads for Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration (BLa) (p < 0.05). When oxygen uptake at a fixed value ([Formula: see text] = 3.5 L.min−1) was matched between groups results while on the RowErg were significantly lower for PO, BLa, [Formula: see text], RER and RPE whereas [Formula: see text] and HR were similar to the BikeErg. These results support the understanding that displayed power output on the RowErg does not account for all work done during the rowing stroke cycle, specifically during the recovery phase. In conclusion, the physiological responses on the Concept II BikeErg are no more closely aligned to the Concept II RowErg than previously shown for similar cycle ergometers from different manufacturers. Due to the lack of consistency between Concept II BikeErg and Concept II RowErg PO, HR is better suited for the prescription of training loads on the BikeErg.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dietary Supplement NT-020 with Rhodiola Rosea on Energy, Fatigue, and Perceived Exertion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Lamadrid ◽  
Danielle K Williams ◽  
Marcus W Kilpatrick ◽  
Paula C Bickford ◽  
Cyndy Sanberg
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially-available nutraceutical product on levels of exercise-related energy, fatigue, and exertion before and after 4 weeks of supplementation. Primary ingredients within the product include a proprietary blend of blueberry extract, green tea extract, L-carnosine, and Vitamin D3 (NT-020) and rhodiola rosea, a plant that purports to boost energy.Methods: Twenty-seven participants (12 female, 15 male, mean BMI = 23) completed baseline assessment of aerobic fitness (mean VO2 peak = 40 mL x kg-1 x min-1) before being randomized into a placebo or supplement condition for four weeks. All participants were involved in regular physical activity three or more days per week. Assessment of energy, fatigue, and perceived exertion responses during and immediately following moderately intense cycle ergometry exercise was conducted before and after the 4-week ingestion period during which participants were instructed to maintain existing exercise activities.Results: Data were analyzed by way of repeated measures ANOVA and dependent t-tests to determine the presence of significant differences across time and between the supplement and placebo conditions. Participants receiving the supplement reported: greater levels of energy and lower levels of fatigue during the initial moments after completing the exercise trial (p < 0.05), greater levels of energy at the midpoint of the exercise trial (p < 0.05) but not at the end of the exercise session (p > 0.05), and lower perceived exertion at four of the six measurement points during exercise (p < 0.05). No differences were observed from pre to post intervention within the placebo condition (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Findings indicate that a commercially available supplement marketed to boost energy and reduce fatigue can deliver the purported benefits at least in part. Related findings that supplementation for a 4-week period can allow for equal work at a lower rating of perceived exertion provides further, though limited support that this product may have efficacy.

scholarly journals Can the talk test be used to predict training induced changes in ventilatory threshold?

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Deal ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
Salvador Jaime ◽  
Richard P. Mikat ◽  
Kim Radtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Individual

This study was designed to assess the ability of the Talk Test (TT) to track training-related changes in ventilatory threshold (VT). Thirteen recreational athletes (20.5±1.91 years, males=7) completed two incremental exercise tests (one with respiratory gas exchange and one with the TT) before and after six weeks of self-directed increases in training load. The TT was used to predict VT by assessing the ability to speak comfortably after three-minute exercise stages, based on speech comfort while reciting a 100-word passage. Training load was documented from exercise logs based on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and training duration. Repeated measures ANOVA, with the Tukey’s post-hoc analysis, was used to detect differences between the changes in power output (PO) at the equivocal stage of the Talk Test (EQ) and VT measured by gas exchange (p&lt;.05). Significant mean differences were found between pre- vs. post-training PO and measured VT (116+32.4 vs. 134+32.4 Watts) (p&lt;.05) but not at the EQ stage of the TT (125+40.8 vs. 135+29.8 Watts). The increase in PO at VT (+15.5%) was significantly underestimated by the change in PO at the EQ stage of the TT (+8.0%). The correlation between changes in PO at VT and PO at the EQ stage of the TT was r=0.66, p&lt;.01. However, about 50% of participants did not change their PO at the EQ stage of the TT, so the individual correspondence between TT and measured VT was only moderately strong.

scholarly journals The Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Measures of Rowing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Francisco Javier Diaz-Lara ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Jason Tallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies examining the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on measures of rowing performance. Crossover and placebo-controlled experiments that investigated the effects of caffeine ingestion on measures of rowing performance were included. The PEDro checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Seven studies of good and excellent methodological quality were included. None of the included studies examined on-water rowing. The majority of studies that were included in the meta-analysis used a 2000m rowing distance with only one using 1000m distance. Results of the main meta-analysis indicated that caffeine enhances performance on a rowing ergometer compared to placebo with a mean difference of −4.1 s (95% confidence interval (CI): −6.4, −1.8 s). These values remained consistent in the analysis in which the study that used a 1000m distance was excluded (mean difference: −4.3 s; 95% CI: −6.9, −1.8 s). We also found a significant increase in mean power (mean difference: 5.7 W; 95% CI: 2.1, 9.3 W) and minute ventilation (mean difference: 3.4 L/min; 95% CI: 1.7, 5.1 L/min) following caffeine ingestion. No significant differences between caffeine and placebo were found for the rating of perceived exertion, oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate. This meta-analysis found that acute caffeine ingestion improves 2000m rowing ergometer performance by ~4 s. Our results support the use of caffeine pre-exercise as an ergogenic aid for rowing performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Small Combat Games to Regular Taekwondo Training on Physiological and Performance Outcomes in Male Young Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ouergui ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Hamdi Messaoudi ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou ◽  
Anissa Bouassida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

This study investigated the effect of area sizes (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and effort-pause ratios (free combat vs. 1:2) variation on the physiological and perceptive responses during taekwondo combats (Study 1). In a second study, the effects on physical performance of 8 weeks of small combat-based training added to regular taekwondo training were investigated (Study 2). In random order, 32 male taekwondo athletes performed six (i.e., two effort-to-pause ratios × three area sizes conditions) different 2-min taekwondo combats (Study 1). Thereafter (Study 2), they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and an active control group (CG). Regarding Study 1, blood lactate concentration [La] before and after each combat, mean heart rate (HRmean) during each combat, and rating of perceived exertion (CR-10) immediately after each combat were assessed. Regarding Study 2, progressive specific taekwondo (PSTT) to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), taekwondo-specific agility, and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were administered before and after 8 weeks of training. Study 1 results showed that 4 × 4 m elicited lower HRmean values compared with 6 × 6 m (d = −0.42 [small], p = 0.030) and free combat induced higher values compared with the 1:2 ratio (d = 1.71 [large], p &lt; 0.001). For [La]post, 4 × 4 m area size induced higher values than 6 × 6 m (d = 0.99 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001) and 8 × 8 m (d = 0.89 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001) and free combat induced higher values than 1:2 ratio (d = 0.69 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001). Higher CR-10 scores were registered after free combat compared with 1:2 ratio (d = 0.44 [small], p = 0.007). For Study 2, VO2max increased after training [F(1, 56) =30.532, p &lt; 0.001; post-hoc: d = 1.27 [large], p &lt; 0.001] with higher values for 4 × 4 m compared with CG (d = 1.15 [moderate], p = 0.009). Agility performance improved after training [F(1, 56) = 4.419, p = 0.04; post-hoc: d = −0.46 [small], p = 0.04] and 4 × 4 m induced lower values in comparison with 6 × 6 m (d = −1.56 [large], p = 0.001) and CG (d = −0.77 [moderate], p = 0.049). No training type influenced CMJ performance. Smaller area size elicited contrasting results in terms of metabolic demand compared with larger sizes (i.e., lower HRmean but higher [La] and CR-10), whereas free combat induced variables' consistently higher values compared with imposed 1:2 ratio (Study 1). Taekwondo training is effective to improve VO2max and agility (Study 2), but small combat training modality should be investigated further.

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing improves resistance training session performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S Decimoni ◽  
Victor M Curty ◽  
Livia Almeida ◽  
Alexander J Koch ◽  
Jeffrey M Willardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

We investigated the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on resistance exercise performance. Fifteen recreationally trained women (age 26 ± 4 y; height 1.61.9 ± 5.1 m; weight 59.5 ± 8.2 kg) completed two resistance exercise bouts consisting of three sets of five exercises (half-squat, leg press, bench press, military press, and seated row) to volitional fatigue with a 10 repetition-maximum load. Immediately prior to and during the middle of each exercise bout, subjects mouth rinsed for 10 s with 100 mL of either a 6% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or an artificially flavored solution (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Heart rate and perceived exertion were compared between conditions using a 2 (conditions) × 15 (time points) repeated measures ANOVA. Significant main effects were further analyzed using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Total volume (exercises * sets * repetitions * load) between sessions was compared with a Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 level of confidence. The CHO resulted in more repetitions performed during half-squat, bench press, military press, and seated row, for a significantly greater (∼12%) total volume load lifted versus PLA ( p = 0.039, ES: 0.49). Rating of perceived exertion was also significantly lower in the CHO versus PLA ( p = 0.020, ES: 0.28). These data indicate that CHO mouth rinsing can enhance high-volume resistance exercise performance and lower ratings of perceived exertion.

Making the Grade: An Exploration of Incline Running on a Bodyweight-Supportive Treadmill

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Megan Wagner ◽  
Kevin D. Dames
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional

Context: Bodyweight-supporting treadmills are popular rehabilitation tools for athletes recovering from impact-related injuries because they reduce ground reaction forces during running. However, the overall metabolic demand of a given running speed is also reduced, meaning athletes who return to competition after using such a device in rehabilitation may not be as fit as they had been prior to their injury. Objective: To explore the metabolic effects of adding incline during bodyweight-supported treadmill running. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Fourteen apparently healthy, recreational runners (6 females and 8 males; 21 [3] y, 1.71 [0.08] m, 63.11 [6.86] kg). Interventions: The participants performed steady-state running trials on a bodyweight-supporting treadmill at 8.5 mph. The control condition was no incline and no bodyweight support. All experimental conditions were at 30% bodyweight support. The participants began the sequence of experimental conditions at 0% incline; this increased to 1%, and from there on, 2% incline increases were introduced until a 15% grade was reached. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare all bodyweight-support conditions against the control condition. Main Outcome Measures: Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Results: Level running with 30% bodyweight support reduced oxygen consumption by 21.6% (P < .001) and heart rate by 12.0% (P < .001) compared with the control. Each 2% increase in incline with bodyweight support increased oxygen consumption by 6.4% and heart rate by 3.2% on average. A 7% incline elicited similar physiological measures as the unsupported, level condition. However, the perceived intensity of this incline with bodyweight support was greater than the unsupported condition (P < .001). Conclusions: Athletes can maintain training intensity while running on a bodyweight-supporting treadmill by introducing incline. Rehabilitation programs should rely on quantitative rather than qualitative data to drive exercise prescription in this modality.

Pacing and Hazard Score of Elite Open Water Swimmers During a 5-km Indoor Pool Race

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Baldassarre ◽  
Cristian Ieno ◽  
Marco Bonifazi ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The sensation of fatigue experienced at a certain point of the race is an important factor in the regulation of pacing. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is considered one of the main mediators utilized by athletes to modify pacing. The aim was to analyze the relationship between pacing and RPE of elite open water swimmers during national indoor pool championships. Methods: A total of 17 elite open water swimmers (males, n = 9; females, n = 8) agreed to provide RPE every 500 m during the finals of the national championships 5-km indoor pool race. Time splits, stroke rate, and RPE were collected every 500 m. The Hazard score was calculated by multiplying the momentary RPE by the remaining fraction of the race. Athletes were placed in one of two categories: medalists or nonmedalists. For all variables, separate mixed analysis of variances (P ≤ .05) with repeated measures were used considering the splits (ie, every 500 m) as within-subjects factor and the groups (ie, medalists and nonmedalists) as between-subjects factor. Results: Average swimming speed showed a significant main effect for split for both males and females (P < .001). A significant interaction was observed between average swimming speed and groups for females (P = .032). RPE increased in both groups (P < .001) with no difference observed between groups. However, the female nonmedalists showed a disproportionate nonlinear increase in RPE (5.20 [2.31]) halfway through the event that corresponded to the point where they started significantly decreasing speed. Conclusions: The results of the present study show different pacing strategies adopted by medalists and nonmedalists despite a similar RPE.

scholarly journals Emergency Face-Mask Removal Effectiveness: A Comparison of Traditional and Nontraditional Football Helmet Face-Mask Attachment Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik E. Swartz ◽  
Keith Belmore ◽  
Laura C. Decoster ◽  
Charles W. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Football Helmet

Abstract Context: Football helmet face-mask attachment design changes might affect the effectiveness of face-mask removal. Objective: To compare the efficiency of face-mask removal between newly designed and traditional football helmets. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Applied biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Twenty-five certified athletic trainers. Intervention(s): The independent variable was face-mask attachment system on 5 levels: (1) Revolution IQ with Quick Release (QR), (2) Revolution IQ with Quick Release hardware altered (QRAlt), (3) traditional (Trad), (4) traditional with hardware altered (TradAlt), and (5) ION 4D (ION). Participants removed face masks using a cordless screwdriver with a back-up cutting tool or only the cutting tool for the ION. Investigators altered face-mask hardware to unexpectedly challenge participants during removal for traditional and Revolution IQ helmets. Participants completed each condition twice in random order and were blinded to hardware alteration. Main Outcome Measure(s): Removal success, removal time, helmet motion, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Time and 3-dimensional helmet motion were recorded. If the face mask remained attached at 3 minutes, the trial was categorized as unsuccessful. Participants rated each trial for level of difficulty (RPE). We used repeated-measures analyses of variance (α  =  .05) with follow-up comparisons to test for differences. Results: Removal success was 100% (48 of 48) for QR, Trad, and ION; 97.9% (47 of 48) for TradAlt; and 72.9% (35 of 48) for QRAlt. Differences in time for face-mask removal were detected (F4,20  =  48.87, P  =  .001), with times ranging from 33.96 ± 14.14 seconds for QR to 99.22 ± 20.53 seconds for QRAlt. Differences were found in range of motion during face-mask removal (F4,20  =  16.25, P  =  .001), with range of motion from 10.10° ± 3.07° for QR to 16.91° ± 5.36° for TradAlt. Differences also were detected in RPE during face-mask removal (F4,20  =  43.20, P  =  .001), with participants reporting average perceived difficulty ranging from 1.44 ± 1.19 for QR to 3.68 ± 1.70 for TradAlt. Conclusions: The QR and Trad trials resulted in superior results. When trials required cutting loop straps, results deteriorated.

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