Factors Affecting Match Running Performance in Professional Australian Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ryan ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Joel Hocking ◽  
Thomas Kempton
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Australian Football

Purpose:To examine the influence of a range of individual player characteristics and match-related factors on activity profiles during professional Australian football matches. Methods:Global positioning system (GPS) profiles were collected from 34 professional Australian football players from the same club over 15 competition matches. GPS data were classified into relative total and high-speed running (HSR; >20 km/h) distances. Individual player aerobic fitness was determined from a 2-km time trial conducted during the preseason. Each match was classified according to match location, season phase, recovery length, opposition strength, and match outcome. The total number of stoppages during the match was obtained from a commercial statistics provider. A linear mixed model was constructed to examine the influence of player characteristics and match-related factors on both relative total and HSR outputs. Results:Player aerobic fitness had a large effect on relative total and HSR distances. Away matches and matches lost produced only small reductions in relative HSR distances, while the number of rotations also had a small positive effect. Matches won, more player rotations, and playing against strong opposition all resulted in small to moderate increases in relative total distance, while early season phase, increased number of stoppages, and away matches resulted in small to moderate reductions in relative total distance. Conclusions:There is a likely interplay of factors that influence running performance during Australian football matches. The results highlight the need to consider a variety of contextual factors when interpreting physical output from matches.

Physical Preparation Factors That Influence Technical and Physical Match Performance in Professional Australian Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ryan ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Joel Hocking ◽  
Patrick A. Dillon ◽  
Anthony Whitty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Collective Influence ◽  
Physical Preparation

Objectives: To examine the collective influence of a range of physical preparation elements on selected performance measures during Australian football match play. Design: Prospective and longitudinal. Methods: Data were collected from 34 professional Australian football players from the same club during the 2016 Australian Football League competition season. Match activity profiles and acute (7-d) and chronic (3-wk) training loads were collected using global positioning system devices. Training response was measured by well-being questionnaires completed prior to the main training session each week. Maximal aerobic running speed (MAS) was estimated by a 2-km time trial conducted during preseason. Coach ratings were collected from the senior coach and 4 assistants after each match on a 5-point Likert scale. Player ratings were obtained from a commercial statistics provider. Fifteen matches were analyzed. Linear mixed models were constructed to examine the collective influence of training-related factors on 4 performance measures. Results: Muscle soreness had a small positive effect (ES: 0.12) on Champion Data rating points. Three-week average high-speed running distance had a small negative effect (ES: 0.14) on coach ratings. MAS had large to moderate positive effects (ES: 0.55 to 0.47) on relative total and high-speed running distances. Acute total and chronic average total running distance had small positive (ES: 0.13) and negative (ES: 0.14) effects on relative total and high-speed running distance performed during matches, respectively. Conclusions: MAS should be developed to enhance players’ running performance during competition. Monitoring of physical preparation data may assist in reducing injury and illness and increasing player availability but not enhance football performance.

Do elite soccer players cover longer distance when losing? Differences between attackers and defenders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412098227
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Anton Kalén ◽  
Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez ◽  
Roberto López-Del Campo ◽  
Ricardo Resta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Score Line

This study aimed to evaluate the effects playing position, match location (home or away), quality of opposition (strong or weak), effective playing time (total time minus stoppages), and score-line on physical match performance in professional soccer players using a large-scale analysis. A total of 10,739 individual match observations of outfield players competing in the Spanish La Liga during the 2018–2019 season were recorded using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, USA). The players were classified into five positions (central defenders, players = 94; external defenders, players = 82; central midfielders, players = 101; external midfielders, players = 72; and forwards, players = 67) and the following match running performance categories were considered: total distance covered, low-speed running (LSR) distance (0–14 km · h−1), medium-speed running (MSR) distance (14–21 km · h−1), high-speed running (HSR) distance (>21 km · h−1), very HSR (VHSR) distance (21–24 km · h−1), sprint distance (>24 km · h−1) Overall, match running performance was highly dependent on situational variables, especially the score-line condition (winning, drawing, losing). Moreover, the score-line affected players running performance differently depending on their playing position. Losing status increased the total distance and the distance covered at MSR, HSR, VHSR and Sprint by defenders, while attacking players showed the opposite trend. These findings may help coaches and managers to better understand the effects of situational variables on physical performance in La Liga and could be used to develop a model for predicting the physical activity profile in competition.

scholarly journals Decline of ovarian function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in a longitudinal cohort

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e001307
Author(s):  
Jenny Brouwer ◽  
Radboud J E M Dolhain ◽  
Johanna M W Hazes ◽  
Nicole S Erler ◽  
Jenny A Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) often affects women in their fertile age, and is known to compromise female fertility. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are a proxy for the total number of primordial follicles, and a reliable predictor of the age at menopause. Our objective was to study the longitudinal intra-individual decline of serum AMH levels in female RA patients.MethodsFemale RA patients from a nationwide prospective cohort (2002–2008) were re-assessed in 2015–2016. Serum AMH levels were measured using the picoAMH assay and compared with healthy controls. A linear mixed model (LMM) was built to assess the effect of RA-related clinical factors on the decline of AMH levels.ResultsA group of 128 women were re-assessed at an age of 42.6±4.4 years, with a median disease duration of 15.8 (IQR 12.7–21.5) years. The time between first and last AMH assessments was 10.7±1.8 (range 6.4–13.7) years. Participants represented a more fertile selection of the original cohort. At follow-up, 39% of patients had AMH levels below the 10th percentile of controls (95% CI 31% to 48%), compared with 16% (95% CI 9.3% to 22%) at baseline. The LMM showed a significant decline of AMH with increasing age, but no significant effect of RA-related factors on AMH.ConclusionAMH levels in RA patients showed a more pronounced decline over time than expected, supporting the idea that in chronic inflammatory conditions, reproductive function is compromised, resulting in a faster decline of ovarian function over time and probably an earlier age at menopause.

P0786CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF GFR SLOPE IN A LARGE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN JAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kamijo ◽  
Koji Hashimoto ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Makoto Harada ◽  
Masatsugu Aida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Egfr Decline

Abstract Background and Aims Recently, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) slope has attracted attention as an important surrogate marker for the prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a reduction in slope of eGFR decline by 0.75 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year reportedly having clinical significance. As few large clinical studies on Japanese CKD patients exist, this investigation addresses the clinical significance of GFR slope and its related factors. Method To evaluate the clinical impact of GFR slope, we conducted a prognostic investigation of CKD patients in Japan by means of a large, multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Patients with CKD who were seen at among 15 general hospitals between January and March 2014 were surveyed using medical records. The selection criteria were age ≥20 years, estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and receiving medical treatment for CKD. Baseline patient characteristics, eGFR changes, and hard endpoints (death or end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy) during observation were analysed. We calculated GFR slope using GFR data of 2 years following the observation start point by 2 calculation methods, the linear mixed model and least squares linear regression, and examined the relationship of GFR slope with the hazard ratio of the composite hard endpoints. The factors related to GFR slope were also assessed by multiple regression analysis. Results Among a total of 11233 collected patients, we analyzed the data of 7490 CKD G3 and G4 patients whose GFR data during 2 years could be obtained (60% male, mean age: 71 years, CKD G3a: 55%, G3b: 30%, G4: 15%, mean eGFR: 44.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, urine protein positive: 51%, diabetes mellitus: 49%, use of RAS inhibitors: 57%). The mean observation period was 1040 days. Hard endpoints after the GFR slope measurement period occurred in 301 subjects. The GFR slope of the cohort was -0.948 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.016, -0.880) in the linear mixed model and -0.982 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (95% CI -1.075, -0.889) according to least squares linear regression. Both calculated GFR slopes were significantly related to the hazard ratio of the composite hard endpoints. Hazard ratio decreased by 0.85 (linear mixed model) and 0.9 (least squares linear regression) times in case of a reduction in slope of eGFR decline by 0.75 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. Multiple regression analysis revealed strongly significant associations for GFR slope with urine protein and CKD stage and undetectable relationships for GFR slope with diabetes and age. Conclusion This study demonstrated the clinical significance of GFR slope as a surrogate marker for renal prognosis in Japanese CKD patients. In order to reduce slope of eGFR decline, active intervention for proteinuria before the progression to an advanced CKD stage appears to be effective.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modric ◽  
Versic ◽  
Sekulic ◽  
Liposek
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Game Performance

Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Physical Demands of In-Season Youth Elite Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Javier Botella ◽  
Jose Luis Felipe Hernández ◽  
Manuel León ◽  
Víctor Paredes-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
External Load ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Total Distance

Monitoring fatigue and performance is important for adjusting training loads in soccer. Therefore, knowing the status of the player when applying a training stimulus is key to optimizing the players’ development. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between internal and external load, during training and matches, in an elite youth soccer team. Methods: seventeen youth players of the highest Spanish category were monitored with GPS devices during training and matches, as well as recording their nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). We employed a linear mixed model to assess the physical demands between training and matches, and to compare the HRV variables. Results: a higher total distance (+2993.35–5746.56 m; ES = 1.4), distance at high intensity (+641.24–1907 m; ES = 1.5), sprint distance (+350.46–795.05 m; ES = 2.1), number of sprints (+18.38–41.58; ES = 1.9), and number of repeated sprints (+5.91–15.30; ES = 1.7) (all p < 0.001), but not in the number of accelerations, were reported during the matches when compared to the training sessions during the 11 weeks. The analysis of the HRV variables showed no significant differences between the accumulated values during a training week, providing similar results pre-match or post-match (p > 0.05). The LF/HFRATIO showed a negative influence on the total distance ran, distance at high intensity, distance in sprint, number of sprints, and repeated sprint. RRMEAN was positively related to the sprint number. Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturnal HRV variables are not different between pre-match and post-match. Furthermore, it suggests that LF/HFRATIO and RRMEAN during pre-match can determine the external load that the player will be able to complete during the match.

Seasonal Analysis of Mucosal Immunological Function and Physical Demands in Professional Australian Rules Footballers

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Coad ◽  
Bon Gray ◽  
Christopher McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Immunological Function ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Purpose:To assess match-to-match variations in salivary immunoglobulin A concentration ([s-IgA]) measured at 36 h postmatch throughout an Australian Football League (AFL) premiership season and to assess the trends between 36-h-postmatch [s-IgA] and match-play exercise workloads throughout the same season.Methods:Eighteen elite male AFL athletes (24 ± 4.2 y, 187.0 ± 7.1 cm, 87.0 ± 7.6 kg) were monitored on a weekly basis to determine total match-play exercise workloads and 36-h-postmatch [s-IgA] throughout 16 consecutive matches in an AFL premiership season. Global positioning systems (GPS) with integrated triaxial accelerometers were used to measure exercise workloads (PlayerLoad) during each AFL match. A linear mixed-model analyses was conducted for time-dependent changes in [s-IgA] and player load.Results:A significant main effect was found for longitudinal postmatch [s-IgA] data (F16,240 = 3.78, P < .01) and PlayerLoad data (F16,66 = 1.98, P = .03). For all matches after and including match 7, a substantial suppression trend in [s-IgA] 36-h-postmatch values was found compared with preseason baseline [s-IgA].Conclusion:The current study provides novel data regarding longitudinal trends in 36-h-postmatch [s-IgA] for AFL athletes. Results demonstrate that weekly in-season AFL match-play exercise workloads may result in delayed mucosal immunological recovery beyond 36 h postmatch. The inclusion of individual athlete-monitoring strategies of [s-IgA] may be advantageous in the detection of compromised postmatch mucosal immunological function for AFL athletes.

scholarly journals Evolution of physical performance in professional soccer across four consecutive seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
LUKASZ RADZIMINSKI ◽  
ZBIGNIEW JASTRZEBSKI
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Physical Match

Background: Main purpose of this research was to investigate the changes of physical match performance in Polish Ekstraklasa across four consecutive seasons. Material and methods: A total of 949 official matches from season 2017/2018 to 2020/2021 were analyzed. Such match running performance variables as total distance, high-speed running, sprinting, and number of high-intensity runs were involved. Each season data were divided into two rounds (spring round and autumn round). Due to the pandemic of COVID-19 additional post-lockdown round (Spring I 2019/2020) occurred. Results: Comparison in the results between Spring 2017/2018 and Spring 2020/2021 indicated significant increases in total distance (2.1%, p<0.001), high-speed running (11.9%, p<0.001), sprinting distance (7.7%, p<0.01) and number of high-intensity runs (9.7%, p<0.001). Moreover, within season analysis exhibited that during spring rounds Ekstraklasa teams covered significantly longer (p<0.01) distances in high-speed running than during autumn rounds. Reduction in physical match performance was reported after the 12-week pandemic lockdown. Conclusions: The results of this study confirmed the growing importance of such match activities as high-speed running, sprinting and number of high intensity runs which increased in Polish Ekstraklasa by 8-12% within last 4 years. This growing tendency was disrupted by unexpected off-season period caused by COVID-19 lockdown.

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