The Potential for a Targeted Strength-Training Program to Decrease Asymmetry and Increase Performance: A Proof of Concept in Sprinting

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1392-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Brown ◽  
Erin R. Feldman ◽  
Matt R. Cross ◽  
Eric R. Helms ◽  
Bruno Marrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Hip Extension

The global application of horizontal force (FH) via hip extension is related to improvements in sprint performance (eg, maximal velocity [vmax] and power [Pmax]). Little is known regarding the contribution of individual leg FH and how a difference between the legs (asymmetry) might subsequently affect sprint performance. The authors assessed a single male athlete for pre-post outcomes of a targeted hip-extension training program on FH asymmetry and sprint-performance metrics. An instrumented nonmotorized treadmill was used to obtain individual leg and global sprint kinetics and determine the athlete’s strong and weak leg, with regard to the ability to produce FH while sprinting. Following a 6-wk control block of testing, a 6-wk targeted training program was added to the athlete’s strength-training regimen, which aimed to strengthen the weak leg and improve hip-extension function during sprinting. Preintervention to postintervention, the athlete increased FH (standardized effect [ES] = 2.2; +26%) in his weak leg, decreased the FH asymmetry (ES = −0.64; −19%), and increased vmax (ES = 0.67; +2%) and Pmax (ES = 3.2; +15%). This case study highlighted a promising link between a targeted training intervention to decrease asymmetry in FH and subsequent improvement of sprint-performance metrics. These findings also strengthen the theoretical relationship between the contribution of individual leg FH and global FH while sprinting, indicating that reducing asymmetry may decrease injury risk and increase practical performance measures. This case study may stimulate further research investigating targeted training interventions in the field of strength and conditioning and injury prevention.

scholarly journals The Effect of 16 Weeks of Lower-Limb Strength Training in Jumping Performance of Ballet Dancers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho ◽  
Filipe Conceição ◽  
Juan A. Escobar-Álvarez ◽  
Beatriz Gondra ◽  
Isaura Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Lower Limb Strength

Jumping ability is considered a determinant of performance success. It is identified as one of the predictors and talent identification in many sports and dance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 16 weeks of lower-limb strength training on the jumping performance of ballet dancers. A total of 24 participants from the same dance school were randomly selected in the control group [CG; n = 10; aged 13.00 (1.49) years; 43.09 (9.48) kg and 1.53 (0.11) m] and the intervention group [IG; n = 14; aged 12.43 (1.45) years; 38.21 (4.38) kg and 1.51 (0.07) m], evaluated before and after the applied strength training program mainly using the body weight of each participant. Jump performance was assessed using MyJump2, a scientifically validated mobile phone app. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were assessed, and the magnitude of change was calculated using the effect size (ES). While CG significantly decreased the relative power over time (p < 0.001, ES = −0.29: small), results from the intragroup comparisons suggest that IG significantly increased the countermovement jump (CMJ) height (p < 0.001, ES = 1.21: large), the relative force (p < 0.001, ES = 0.86: moderate), maximal velocity (p < 0.001, ES = 1.15: moderate), and relative power (p < 0.001, ES = 1.37: large). We concluded that a 16-week strength training program of lower limbs is an effective way to improve CMJ height in young dancers. Supplementary strength training appears to be the determinant for the improvement of the jumping performance of ballet dancers.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF 8 WEEKS CORE STRENGTH TRAINING ON CORE MUSCLE STRENGTH AMONG YOUNG MALE CYCLIST

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chok Binti Chok Kui Eng
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Core Strength ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Study Participants

This study aimed to determine whether adding 8 weeks of core strength training program (3 sessions weekly) can improve cyclist core muscle strength. Six healthy male junior cyclist (age 15.8 ± 1 years, mass 62 ± 4 kg, height 170.2 ± 6 cm) volunteered for the study. Participants were instructed to perform 5 types of core exercises per session for a total of 24 sessions. For every session each movement were performed 20 repetitions for 3 sets. Comparison of pre and post-test data revealed significantly greater (p < 0.05) in this case study. These results suggest that is important for coaches to incorporate core strengthening exercises in their training routine.

Effect of Strength Training on Jump-Landing Biomechanics in Adolescent Females

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110560
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Herman ◽  
Kimberly A. Pritchard ◽  
Nicole L. Cosby ◽  
Noelle M. Selkow
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
School Based ◽  
Acl Injury Risk ◽  
Hip Extension

Background: Sex-based differences in neuromuscular characteristics relevant to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk may arise as compensation for divergent strength development during puberty. Strength training during this period may prevent the development of these undesirable neuromuscular characteristics. Hypothesis: Strength-trained middle school girls will have improved jump-landing biomechanics compared with control participants. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Maximum voluntary isometric contraction in hip extension and abduction and knee extension and flexion as well as Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores were collected for healthy female middle school students of grades 6 to 8. Strength-training participants (STR: N = 30; height, 1.63 ± 0.07 m; mass, 48.1 ± 7.6 kg; age, 12.5 ± 1.0 y) were matched with control participants (CON: N = 30; height, 1.60 ± 0.09 m; mass, 47.2 ± 8.9 kg; age, 12.6 ± 0.9 y). The training consisted of a 6-month strength-training program administered through a gym class curriculum that targeted the lower extremity. A repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance was used for comparisons between groups and across time (α = 0.05). Stepwise linear regression was used to examine the relationship between strength change and LESS score change. Results: Strength values (N·m/kg) increased across time and to a greater degree in STR for hip extension (baseline 3.98 ± 1.15 vs follow-up 4.77 ± 1.80), hip abduction (4.22 ± 1.09 vs 5.13 ± 2.55), and knee flexion (3.27 ± 0.62 vs 3.64 ± 1.40) compared with CON. LESS grades significantly decreased across time in STR (5.58 ± 1.21 vs 4.86 ± 1.44) and were significantly lower than CON (5.98 ± 1.42) at follow-up ( P < 0.001). The change in hip extension and knee extension strength explained 67% of the variance ( P < 0.001) in the LESS change score in the STR group. Conclusion: A school-based strength-training program that focused on hip and knee musculature significantly improved jump-landing biomechanics (as determined by LESS) relevant to ACL injury risk. Further investigation using different strength-training approaches in this age group is warranted. Clinical Relevance: Strength training during adolescence holds promise as an injury prevention program. The use of a school-based approach is novel and may represent a robust opportunity for injury prevention programs, as physical education class is often mandatory in this age group.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Occupational Specific Training Program to Improve Lower Body Strength and Speed for Law Enforcement Officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7685
Author(s):  
Ian Bonder ◽  
Andrew Shim ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Tara Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Post Shift

Based on current law enforcement officer (LEO) duties, musculoskeletal injury risk is elevated due to the unpredictable nature of physically demanding tasks. The purpose of this 4-week study was to determine the effectiveness of a 15-min post-shift standardized occupational specific training program. The standardized program was designed to improve lower-body strength and speed to aid physically demanding task performance. Seven male LEOs completed the program after their 12-h shift. Subjects were required to use the department fitness center to perform the 15-min standardized program consisting of a dynamic warm-up, 4 sets of 3 repetitions on hex-bar deadlift and four 20-m sprints. Two minutes of rest was required between each set of 3 repetitions on hex-bar deadlift and 1 min of rest between each 20-m sprint. A dependent T-test was used between pre-test and post-test scores for hex-bar deadlift (HBD) and sprint. Data revealed significant improvements in relative lower-body strength with HBD (p ≤ 0.001). However, insignificant results were demonstrated with the 20-m sprint (p ≤ 0.262). In conclusion, a 15-min post-shift workout can improve lower-body strength as measured by the hex-bar deadlift. However, data indicated running speed may require a different training approach to improve the 20-m sprint.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Visual Comfort Evaluation in the Evidence-Based Design Process Using Lighting Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4982
Author(s):  
Anahita Davoodi ◽  
Peter Johansson ◽  
Myriam Aries
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Lighting Simulation ◽  
Insight Into

Validation of the EBD-SIM (evidence-based design-simulation) framework, a conceptual framework developed to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the EBD process, suggested that EBD’s post-occupancy evaluation (POE) should be conducted more frequently. A follow-up field study was designed for subjective–objective results implementation in the EBD process using lighting simulation tools. In this real-time case study, the visual comfort of the occupants was evaluated. The visual comfort analysis data were collected via simulations and questionnaires for subjective visual comfort perceptions. The follow-up study, conducted in June, confirmed the results of the original study, conducted in October, but additionally found correlations with annual performance metrics. This study shows that, at least for the variables related to daylight, a POE needs to be conducted at different times of the year to obtain a more comprehensive insight into the users’ perception of the lit environment.

Successful Dissemination of a Community-Based Strength Training Program for Older Adults by Peer and Professional Leaders: The People Exercising Program

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Layne ◽  
Susan E. Sampson ◽  
Charlotte J. Mallio ◽  
Patricia L. Hibberd ◽  
John L. Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People

Effect of Manufacturing Variability on Turbine Engine Performance: A Probabilistic Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gorelik ◽  
Jacob Obayomi ◽  
Jack Slovisky ◽  
Dan Frias ◽  
Howie Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
System Level ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Probabilistic Study ◽  
Blade Geometry

While turbine engine Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) accumulated significant experience in the application of probabilistic methods (PM) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods to specific technical disciplines and engine components, experience with system-level PM applications has been limited. To demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of an integrated PM-based system, a numerical case study has been developed around the Honeywell turbine engine application. The case study uses experimental observations of engine performance such as horsepower and fuel flow from a population of engines. Due to manufacturing variability, there are unit-to-unit and supplier-to-supplier variations in compressor blade geometry. Blade inspection data are available for the characterization of these geometric variations, and CFD analysis can be linked to the engine performance model, so that the effect of blade geometry variation on system-level performance characteristics can be quantified. Other elements of the case study included the use of engine performance and blade geometry data to perform Bayesian updating of the model inputs, such as efficiency adders and turbine tip clearances. A probabilistic engine performance model was developed, system-level sensitivity analysis performed, and the predicted distribution of engine performance metrics was calibrated against the observed distributions. This paper describes the model development approach and key simulation results. The benefits of using PM and UQ methods in the system-level framework are discussed. This case study was developed under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funding which is gratefully acknowledged.

The Role of the Sport Psychology Consultant: A Case Study of Ultra-Distance Running

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Bull
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Descriptive Framework ◽  
Ongoing Evaluation

This article presents a case study describing the contribution of a sport psychology consultant to an ultra-distance runner’s attempt to complete 500 miles (800 kilometers) in 20 days through the deserts of North America. The contribution can be considered in four phases that provide a descriptive framework for the role of a sport psychology consultant: (a) establishing a rapport with the athlete, (b) formulating a psychological profile, (c) evaluating the demands of the athletic pursuit and planning an appropriate mental training program, and (d) ongoing evaluation of progress and crisis intervention.

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