scholarly journals Marathon Pace Control in Masters Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Breen ◽  
Michelle Norris ◽  
Robin Healy ◽  
Ross Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
Masters Athletes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: Pacing strategies are key to overall performance outcome in distance-running events. Presently, no literature has examined pacing strategies used by masters athletes of all running levels during a competitive marathon. Therefore, this study aimed to examine masters athletes’ pacing strategies, categorized by gender, age, and performance level. Methods: Data were retrieved from the 2015 TSC New York City Marathon for 31,762 masters athletes (20,019 men and 11,743 women). Seven performance-classification (PC) groupings were identified via comparison of overall completion time compared with current world records, appropriate to age and gender. Data were categorized via, age, gender, and performance level. Mean 5-km speed for the initial 40 km was calculated, and the fastest and slowest 5-km-split speeds were identified and expressed as a percentage faster or slower than mean speed. Pace range, calculated as the absolute sum of the fastest and slowest split percentages, was then analyzed. Results: Significant main effects were identified for age, gender, and performance level (P < .001), with performance level the most determining factor. Athletes in PC1 displayed the lowest pace range (14.19% ± 6.66%), and as the performance levels of athletes decreased, pace range increased linearly (PC2–PC7, 17.52% ± 9.14% to 36.42% ± 18.32%). A significant interaction effect was found for gender × performance (P < .001), with women showing a smaller pace range (−3.81%). Conclusions: High-performing masters athletes use more-controlled pacing strategies than their lower-ranked counterparts during a competitive marathon, independent of age and gender.

scholarly journals Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Suter ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Volker Scheer ◽  
Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Linear Model ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trail Running ◽  
One Way Anova

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance level on pacing in the UTMB® (Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to verify previous findings obtained in the research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. Data from the UTMB® from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 race results (12,681 men and 1148 women) were analyzed. A general linear model (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) was applied to identify a sex, age group, and interaction effect in pace average and pace variation. A univariate model (one-way ANOVA) was used to identify a sex effect for age, pace average, and pace variation for the fastest men and women. In our study, pace average and a steadier pace were positively correlated. Even pacing throughout the UTMB® correlated with faster finishing times. The average pace depended significantly on sex and age group. When considering the top five athletes in each age group, sex and age group also had significant effects on pace variation. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women. Women had a higher pace variation than men. In male competitors, younger age may be advantageous for a successful finish of the UTMB®. Faster male runners seemed to be younger in ultramarathon trail running with large changes in altitude when compared to other distances and terrains.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performances of ‘typical’ imaging abnormalities of axial spondyloarthritis: results of the cross-sectional ILOS-DESIR study

RMD Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Molto ◽  
Laure Gossec ◽  
Marie-Martine Lefèvre-Colau ◽  
Violaine Foltz ◽  
Romain Beaufort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and performance as axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) diagnostic feature of radiographic and MRI lesions ‘typical’ of axSpA of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and spine in a mechanical chronic back pain (CBP) population and in an axSpA cohort.MethodsCross-sectional multicentre study. Patients: (1) recent onset axSpA (DESIR cohort) and (2) mechanical non-axSpA CBP matched for age and gender (ILOS study). Imaging: radiographs and MR scans were performed identically in both groups. All images were centrally read, blinded for diagnosis and for other imaging findings in the same patient. Statistical analysis: prevalence of lesions ‘typical of axSpA’ were compared in both groups. Sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratios (LR+) of each lesion (and combination of lesions) were calculated.ResultsA total of 98 patients with CBP were included, and compared with 100 patients with recent onset axSpA. SIJ lesions were consistently more frequent in the axSpA group (35.0% vs 11.8% p<0.001, 35.0% vs 8.4% p<0.001% and 32.0% vs 10.0%. p<0.001 for modified New York criteria, MRI sacroiliitis and ≥3 erosions of the SIJ on MRI, respectively), and performed well (LR+ for ≥3 erosions 3.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 5.8)). Spine lesions were comparable across groups: radiographic lesions were rare, while all MRI lesions were frequent.ConclusionOur study confirms that ‘typical’ lesions can also be observed in patients with non-axSpA CBP but that SIJ lesions by all modalities remain the most valuable for diagnosis, including structural lesions of the SIJ. This suggests the potential interest of adding MRI SIJ structural lesions in the definition of MRI abnormalities for axSpA classification.

Mental Toughness and Motivational Climate of Basketball Players According to Gender and Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325-3328
Author(s):  
Zarife Taştan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Motivational Climates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

Background: It has been a matter of curiosity by athletes, coaches, sports commentators, and sports psychologists why certain athletes are the world's best in their field. Aim: In our study, the mental toughness and motivational climates of licensed basketball players were examined according to age and gender variables. Methods: In this study, the relational screening model was used to determine the relationship between mental toughness and motivational climate in licensed basketball players studying in physical education and sports teaching departments. Results: As a result of this study, where mental toughness and motivational climate, which are known to be necessary to maintain the ideal performance level during competition, are evaluated according to age and gender variables, it is seen that the motivational climate and mental toughness scores do not differ according to the gender of the athletes. Conclusion: As a result of this study, where mental toughness and motivational climate, which are known to be necessary to maintain the ideal performance level during competition, are evaluated according to age and gender variables, it is seen that the motivational climate and mental toughness scores do not differ according to the gender of the athletes. Keywords: Mastery Climate, Performance Climate, Mental Toughness, Age, Gender

Parental Involvement, Selected Student Attributes, and Learning Outcomes in Instrumental Music

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Zdzinski
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Affective Outcomes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

This study examined relationships among selected aspects of parental involvement as they relate to the cognitive, affective, and performance outcomes of instrumental music students. Independent variables were music aptitude, parental involvement, grade level, and gender. Dependent variables were cognitive musical outcomes, performance outcomes, and affective outcomes. Subjects were instrumental music students ( N = 406) from five intact band programs located in rural New York and Pennsylvania. Wind and percussion volunteers from Grades 4 through 12 participated. Data were examined using descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, and analysis of variance. Major findings included: (1) Parental involvement was related to overall performance, affective, and cognitive musical outcomes. (2) For cognitive musical outcomes, parental involvement was only related at the elementary level. (3) For musical performance outcomes, parental involvement was only related at the elementary level. (4) For affective outcomes, the strength of the parental involvement relationship increased with student age. (5) Items concerning concert attendance, providing materials, participating in parent groups, and tape-recording student performances were related to all outcome areas.

scholarly journals Age and gender dependent heart rate circadian model development and performance verification on the proarrhythmic drug case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Fijorek ◽  
Nikunjkumar Patel ◽  
Łukasz Klima ◽  
Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek ◽  
Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Performance Verification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Diurnal Individual Differences and Performance Levels in Some Sports Activities

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Rossi ◽  
Alberto Zani ◽  
Luciano Mecacci
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
High Performing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sports Activities

A morningness-eveningness questionnaire was administered to 34 golfers and 23 waterpolo-players to assess the influence of diurnal individual differences on the athletic performance levels. No differences in the diurnal type (“morning” vs “evening” individuals) were found among low-performing athletes, while in the high-performing group golfers had higher morningness scores than the waterpolo-players. The results suggest a relation between the diurnal type, performance level, and the time of day when the match is played (morning for golf and evening for waterpolo).

scholarly journals Análisis de la velocidad adoptada en corredores de Maratón (Analysis of the pacing strategies used by Marathon runners)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
José Joaquín Díaz-Martín ◽  
Eduardo J. Fernández-Ozcorta ◽  
Pablo Floría ◽  
Jordan Santos-Concejero
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Athletic Status ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
And Performance

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la influencia del nivel de rendimiento y sexo sobre los ritmos de carrera adoptados por atletas en tres maratones con perfiles muy parecidos en cuanto a recorrido y condiciones ambientales. Se analizaron 14420 atletas, 13387 hombres y 1034 mujeres. Los resultados indicaron que existían diferencias entre sexos en todos los tramos. Asimismo, hubo diferencias entre grupos con diferentes niveles de rendimiento, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. También se encontraron diferencias en las velocidades de cada tramo entre los diferentes ritmos empleadas en ambos sexos (54% hombres y 50% mujeres), siendo las mayores diferencias encontradas entre el primer y último tramo. Por lo general, el ritmo más utilizado durante la competición es aquel en que el atleta ralentiza su velocidad en el transcurso de los 42km. Este estudio ha demostrado que independientemente del sexo y el rendimiento, los atletas adoptan en su gran mayoría un ritmo positivo para completar un maratón. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of gender and athletic status on race pacing strategies used by runners in three marathons with similar profiles in terms of itinerary and environmental conditions. A total of 14420 athletes were analyzed, 13387 men and 1034 women. The results indicated that there were pacing differences between men and women in all sections. Furthermore, differences between groups of different athletic status in both men and women were observed. The biggest differences were found in the first and the final section. In general, the pacing strategy that athletes used the most (54% in men and 50% in women) was positive. This study shows that regardless of gender and performance level, the majority of athletes adopt a positive pacing strategy to complete a marathon.

scholarly journals Ansiedad estado precompetitiva en judocas

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Montero Carretero ◽  
Juan A. Moreno-Murcia ◽  
Inmaculada González Ponce ◽  
Juan J. Pulido González ◽  
Eduardo M. Cervelló Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Performance Level

<p><strong><em>Aim</em></strong><strong>:</strong> The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in Spanish judokas, and calculate differences in pre-competitive state anxiety due the sport level, age and gender. We analyze these relationships using a multidimensional anxiety perspective.</p><p><strong><em>Method: </em></strong>A sample of 128 judokas from amateur to high performance level participated in our study. The intensity and directional somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self confidence of the CSAI-2 were measured.</p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The results show that the questionnaire administered showed acceptable psychometric properties, and there are differences in directional somatic and cognitive anxiety for age, and in intensity self confidence for sport level. The implications of these findings for the process of training and competition are discussed in the document.

scholarly journals Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Torvild Kittilsen ◽  
Sannija Goleva-Fjellet ◽  
Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg ◽  
Iver Nicolaisen ◽  
Eva Maria Støa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

PurposeThe present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations.MethodsA total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678).ResultsAll age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p &lt; 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p &lt; 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals.

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