scholarly journals Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Torvild Kittilsen ◽  
Sannija Goleva-Fjellet ◽  
Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg ◽  
Iver Nicolaisen ◽  
Eva Maria Støa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

PurposeThe present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations.MethodsA total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678).ResultsAll age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p < 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p < 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p < 0.05).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Shooting Parameters of Biathletes in Various Age Groups in 2011–2012 World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kreivėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Research background and hypothesis. Physical fitness problems in biathlon are quite extensively discussed, but biathlon shooting in Lithuania is not analyzed enough. The special literature lacks information about the shooting parameters that leaders demonstrate in the world biathlon championships. Moreover, shooting parameters in different age and gender groups have not been analyzed enough. The hypothesis that shooting parameters in adult, youth and junior age group biathletes would differ was tested. Research aim. The aim of our study was to analyze shooting parameters of biathletes in various age groups in 2011–2012 world championships and reveal fundamental differences in the aspects of age and gender. Research methods. Research participants were youths (age: 17–18 years), juniors (age: 19–20 years) and adults (age: 21–41 years), male and female biathletes. The number of subjects was 2175. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis.Research results. Data analysis revealed the main differences in shooting parameters between adult, junior and youth groups, male and female biathletes. Also, comparison of shooting parameters between biathletes in various age groups and leaders in the same group was carried out. Discussion and conclusions. Our research revealed that the highest shooting accuracy was observed in adult male and female biathlete groups (p < 0.025). The shooting accuracy of junior and youth female biathletes was higher than that in the junior and youth male groups (p < 0.05). The longest average shooting time was in youth group (p < 0.001). The shooting time of biathletes in adult group was the shortest. We found that male biathletes in various age groups performed shots in less time compared to female biathletes (p < 0.05). Research results revealed that shooting parameters among leaders statistically significantly differed comparing them with the average shooting parameters in the group (p < 0.05).Keywords: biathlon, shooting accuracy, shooting time.

scholarly journals Distinctive trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic by age and gender: a retrospective modeling of the epidemic in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Yu ◽  
Jiasong Duan ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Hongmei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectivesElderly people had suffered disproportional burden of COVID-19. We hypothesized that males and females in different age groups might have different epidemic trajectories.MethodsUsing publicly available data from South Korea, daily new COVID-19 cases were fitted with generalized additive models, assuming Poisson and negative binomial distributions. Epidemic dynamics by age and gender groups were explored with interactions between smoothed time terms and age and gender.ResultsA negative binomial distribution fitted the daily case counts best. Interaction between the dynamic patterns of daily new cases and age groups was statistically significant (p<0.001), but not with gender group. People aged 20-39 years led the epidemic processes in the society with two peaks: one major peak around March 1 and a smaller peak around April 7, 2020. The epidemic process among people aged 60 or above was trailing behind that of younger people with smaller magnitude. After March 15, there was a consistent decline of daily new cases among elderly people, despite large fluctuations of case counts among young adults.ConclusionsAlthough young people drove the COVID-19 epidemic in the whole society with multiple rebounds, elderly people could still be protected from virus infection after the peak of epidemic.

scholarly journals Consumption of Thyroid Medications as an Indicator of Increase of Thyroid Morbidity in Latvia from 2011 to 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
Ieva Kalere ◽  
Ieva Strēle ◽  
Mārtiņš Miglinieks ◽  
Ilze Repša ◽  
Santa Pildava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract The most common autoimmune disorders with clinically opposite manifestations are hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease. The healthcare burden of thyroid disease is substantial, resulting in substantial health care costs. The aim of the present analysis is to assess the use of thyroid medications in Latvia from 2011 to 2014 by age and gender. Our study used reimbursed medication prescriptions data, collected by the National Health Service of Latvia. The main indicator was the number of prevalent users of thyroid medications each year from 2011 to 2014, stratified by age and gender. From 2011 to 2014, the number of thyroxine users per 100 000 revealed a statistically significant increase in all age and gender groups, except in 0- to 9-year-old girls. The number of Thiamazole users among men increased in the age group from 40 to 89 years and in women age groups above 49 years. Increasing sales of both thyroid hormones and antithyroid medications are also observed in Estonia and Lithuania, indicating that growing thyroid morbidity is an issue in the whole region. The substantial increase in number of patients highlights the necessity for national guidelines on the use of thyroid function tests and standards of medical care.

scholarly journals Length of life, health and attitudes in the European Union

Geografie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Rychtaříková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Length Of Life

The contribution addresses three fields of investigation: mortality, health, and attitudes in the countries of EU28, Norway and Iceland. The data of EUROSTAT and EUROBAROMETER 378 were analyzed. In 2011, life expectancy at the age of 65 was shorter in post-Communist countries and there was also a smaller share of years lived in self-perceived good health. Two-level regression modelling has shown that the higher the age, the lower the satisfaction with health and with life. Higher-educated people and those living in a partnership are generally happier than the rest. Compared with other age and gender groups, young people and men perceive someone as old much sooner. Pessimistic attitudes are, to a smaller extent, intensified by living in former Communist countries.

The impact of generation on the risk of road accidents

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Beata Jackowska ◽  
Ewa Wycinka
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Road ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with the widespread perception, popular since 2017, that millennials are the worst drivers. In motor insurance, it is commonly known that age and gender are significant determinants of accidents’ risk. Nowadays, millennials are the youngest drivers. Thus, the question arises whether, apart from the age, generation isa risk factor. The aim of this paper is to verify whether generation influences the level of the road accidents rate in Poland besides age and gender of drivers. Due to the downward trend of this rate, the relative risk of road accidents was analysed among licensed drivers in Poland in the years 2006—2017. For the analysis data of the Polish National Police, Polish Road Safety Observatory, Statistics Poland, Social Diagnosis as well as Public Opinion Research Centre were used. The percentage of licensed drivers was estimated for age and gender groups as well as the percentage of millennials in these groups, according to the generation theory. The results of the empirical study for age groups of both perpetrators of the accidents and drivers involved in accidents do not confirm the hypothesis about the impact of the generation on the risk of a road accident.

Etiology and outcome of patients presenting for poisoning to the emergency department in Taiwan: a prospective study

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
H-L Lee ◽  
H-J Lin ◽  
ST-Y Yeh ◽  
C-H Chi ◽  
H-R Guo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
A Prospective Study

Poisoning is one of the most common reasons for visiting the emergency department in many countries, and the pattern varies from countries to countries and time to time. To compare the etiology and outcome of poisoning patients in different gender and age groups, we conducted a prospective study at the emergency departments of two medical centers in southern Taiwan between January 2001 and December 2002. All cases of poisoning, excluding patients diagnosed as cases of alcohol or food poisoning, were included, and relevant information was collected. There were 1512 cases of poisoning observed with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2 (684/828). Overall, drugs (49.9%) were the main agents involved, and a suicidal attempt (66.1%) was the predominant etiology. A total of 63 fatalities (4.2%) were observed and pesticides, especially paraquat, resulted in most fatalities. Patients aged 19–30 years constituted the most cases, and significant differences in exposure agents, causes, and fatality rates were found among different age and gender groups. The results are compatible with the trend reported by other Asian countries. This study also shows important differences existing in poisoning patients of different age and gender groups. Therefore, different poisoning-prevention strategies should be applied to different groups.

scholarly journals A description of drug use among adolescents in Slovakia in different age and gender groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 344-357
Author(s):  
Marta Vavrová ◽  
Zuzana Rojková
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Two Age Groups

The paper describes the drug-using behaviour among young people (12-19 y.) within two age groups in Slovakia. The study aims to describe the prevalence of two different forms of drug-use (experimentation and use within the last 30 days) of legal and illegal substances: alcohol, nicotine (cigarettes), marijuana, and other illegal drugs. A descriptive analysis was applied to two age and gender groups. The research sample was made up of 2489 pupils in primary and secondary schools (various types) from different regions within Slovakia. One set was made up of 39.1% (N = 974) boys and 61.3% (N = 1515) girls aged 12-19 years which was divided into two age groups: group “14” (14 to 15 years, N = 923) and group “16” (16 and older, N = 1566). The SAHA method was used for data collection (Social and Health Assessment, Weissberg et al., 1991; a Slovak version by Rojková, 2017). Gender differences were tested statistically, and some differences were identified. The results are discussed in the context of European and national surveys that are available and a decrease in experimentation with marijuana and smoking was found.  

Osteoporosis Health Beliefs Among Younger and Older Men and Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shanthi Johnson ◽  
William McLeod ◽  
Laura Kennedy ◽  
Katherine McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Health Motivation ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Perceived Seriousness ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The purpose of this study was to compare osteoporosis health beliefs among different age and gender groups. This study used a cross-sectional design, involved 300 participants that represent both genders and three age groups (18 to 25, 30 to 50, and 50-plus), and assessed osteoporosis health beliefs using the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS). Factor analysis revealed three subscales of OHBS: perceived susceptibility, seriousness of the condition, and health motivation to take preventative actions with acceptable levels of reliability. Significant age and gender differences were observed in the susceptibility scores of the OHBS. The perceived seriousness of the osteoporosis scores was similar across all age and gender groups, as was health motivation. These results highlight the need for osteoporosis awareness programs targeting different aspects of belief perceptions, specifically for younger women and men.

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

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