Change-of-Direction Ability of Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy Under a New Evidence-Based and Sport-Specific Classification System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Iván Peña-González ◽  
Alba Roldan ◽  
Carlos Toledo ◽  
Tomás Urbán ◽  
Raúl Reina
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
New Evidence

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to explore the validity and reliability of a new and specific change-of-direction (COD) test that requires dribbling skills to classify international footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare it with another valid and reliable COD test without ball dribbling and (2) to probe whether both tests can discriminate between the new CP football classes (ie, FT1, FT2, and FT3) established worldwide in 2018. Methods: This study involved 180 international para-footballers with CP from 23 national teams at the 3 regional competitions held in 2018. They performed 2 COD tests, the modified agility test (no dribbling skills) and the dribbling speed test (DST). Results: Reliability was excellent for both the modified agility test (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]2,1 = .91, SEM = 5.75%) and the DST (ICC2,1 = .92, SEM = 4.66%). The modified agility test and DST results were highly to very highly correlated to one another for the whole group and considering the sport classes (r = .60–.80; P < .001). A 1-way analysis of variance showed significant differences between sport classes in both tests (P < .001). However, among classes, there were significant differences between FT1 and FT2 and FT3 (P < .01, effect size = large) and low to moderate effect sizes between FT2 and FT3 for either test. Conclusion: The DST appears to be valid and reliable to classify CP football players within the new classification system. Regression analysis revealed that 18.2% of the variance in the new sport classes could be explained by the 2 examined tests.

scholarly journals Can We Rely on Flight Time to Measure Jumping Performance or Neuromuscular Fatigue-Overload in Professional Female Soccer Players?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Estrella Armada-Cortés ◽  
Javier Peláez Barrajón ◽  
José Antonio Benítez-Muñoz ◽  
Enrique Navarro ◽  
Alejandro F. San Juan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

The main purpose of this study was to compare the validity of the take-off velocity method (TOV) measured with a force platform (FP) (gold standard) versus the flight time method (FT) in a vertical jump to measure jumping performance or neuromuscular fatigue-overload in professional female football players. For this purpose, we used a FP and a validated smartphone application (APP). A total of eight healthy professional female football players (aged 27.25 ± 6.48 years) participated in this study. All performed three valid trials of a countermovement jump and squat jump and were measured at the same time with the APP and the FP. The results show that there is a lack of validity and reliability between jump height (JH) calculated through the TOV method with the FP and the FT method with the FP (r = 0.028, p > 0.84, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = −0.026) and between the JH measured with the FP through the TOV method and the APP with the FT method (r = 0.116, p > 0.43, ICC = −0.094 (−0.314–0.157)). A significant difference between the JH measured through the TOV with the FP versus the APP (p < 0.05), and a trend between the JH obtained with the FP through the TOV and the FT (p = 0.052) is also shown. Finally, the JH with the FP through the FT and the APP did not differ (p > 0.05). The eta-squared of the one-way ANOVA was η2 = 0.085. It seems that only the TOV measured with a FP could guarantee the accuracy of the jump test in SJ+CMJ and SJ, so it is recommended that high-level sportswomen and men should be assessed with the FP through TOV as gold standard technology to ensure correct performance and/or fatigue-overload control during the sport season.

Interrater Reliability of the New Sport-Specific Evidence-Based Classification System for Para Va'a

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Johanna S. Rosén ◽  
Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey ◽  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Anton Arndt ◽  
Anna Bjerkefors
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Water Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Total Agreement

The purpose of this study was to examine the interrater reliability of a new evidence-based classification system for Para Va'a. Twelve Para Va'a athletes were classified by three classifier teams each consisting of a medical and a technical classifier. Interrater reliability was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation for the overall class allocation and total scores of trunk, leg, and on-water test batteries and by calculating Fleiss’s kappa and percentage of total agreement in the individual tests of each test battery. All classifier teams agreed with the overall class allocation of all athletes, and all three test batteries exhibited excellent interrater reliability. At a test level, agreement between classifiers was almost perfect in 14 tests, substantial in four tests, moderate in four tests, and fair in one test. The results suggest that a Para Va'a athlete can expect to be allocated to the same class regardless of which classifier team conducts the classification.

scholarly journals Smartphone App�Based Assessment of Gait During Normal and Dual-Task Walking: Demonstration of Validity and Reliability (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Manor ◽  
Wanting Yu ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Rachel Harrison ◽  
On-Yee Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Stride Time ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Task Conditions

BACKGROUND Walking is a complex cognitive motor task that is commonly completed while performing another task such as talking or making decisions. Gait assessments performed under normal and “dual-task” walking conditions thus provide important insights into health. Such assessments, however, are limited primarily to laboratory-based settings. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to create and test a smartphone-based assessment of normal and dual-task walking for use in nonlaboratory settings. METHODS We created an iPhone app that used the phone’s motion sensors to record movements during walking under normal conditions and while performing a serial-subtraction dual task, with the phone placed in the user’s pants pocket. The app provided the user with multimedia instructions before and during the assessment. Acquired data were automatically uploaded to a cloud-based server for offline analyses. A total of 14 healthy adults completed 2 laboratory visits separated by 1 week. On each visit, they used the app to complete three 45-second trials each of normal and dual-task walking. Kinematic data were collected with the app and a gold-standard–instrumented GAITRite mat. Participants also used the app to complete normal and dual-task walking trials within their homes on 3 separate days. Within laboratory-based trials, GAITRite-derived heel strikes and toe-offs of the phone-side leg aligned with smartphone acceleration extrema, following filtering and rotation to the earth coordinate system. We derived stride times—a clinically meaningful metric of locomotor control—from GAITRite and app data, for all strides occurring over the GAITRite mat. We calculated stride times and the dual-task cost to the average stride time (ie, percentage change from normal to dual-task conditions) from both measurement devices. We calculated similar metrics from home-based app data. For these trials, periods of potential turning were identified via custom-developed algorithms and omitted from stride-time analyses. RESULTS Across all detected strides in the laboratory, stride times derived from the app and GAITRite mat were highly correlated (P<.001, r2=.98). These correlations were independent of walking condition and pocket tightness. App- and GAITRite-derived stride-time dual-task costs were also highly correlated (P<.001, r2=.95). The error of app-derived stride times (mean 16.9, SD 9.0 ms) was unaffected by the magnitude of stride time, walking condition, or pocket tightness. For both normal and dual-task trials, average stride times derived from app walking trials demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability within and between both laboratory and home-based assessments (intraclass correlation coefficient range .82-.94). CONCLUSIONS The iPhone app we created enabled valid and reliable assessment of stride timing—with the smartphone in the pocket—during both normal and dual-task walking and within both laboratory and nonlaboratory environments. Additional work is warranted to expand the functionality of this tool to older adults and other patient populations.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of a New Test of Change of Direction in Fencing Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4545
Author(s):  
Hichem Chtara ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
John Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Error Of Measurement

The aim of this study was to validate a new test of change of direction (COD) for fencer athletes and to establish its relationship with selected measures of physical fitness. Thirty-nine fencer athletes participated to this study (age: 20.8 ± 3.0 years). They performed the new specific fencing COD test (SFCODT) on two separate occasions to establish its reliability. In addition, assessment of COD, jumping ability (i.e., squat jump, countermovement jump, five jump test), sprint time (e.g., 5-m, 10-m and 20-m), isokinetic concentric and eccentric quadriceps, and hamstring force tests were assessed. To establish SFCODT’s construct validity, two subgroups were identified based on their international and national fencing results: High- vs. low-ranked fencer athletes. Reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the SFCODT were established from the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error of measurement (TEM), smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and receiving operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. The ICC of SFCODT was excellent at >0.95, and the TEM was < 5%. Based on the usefulness analysis, the ability to detect small performance changes can be rated as “good” in fencer athletes (SWC > TEM). SFCODT was very largely associated with the COD test and moderate to very large associated with jumping ability, sprint time, and isokinetic strength. High-ranked fencer athletes were better than low-ranked fencer athletes on SFCODT (p < 0.01). The area under the ROC curve was 0.76. In conclusion, the SFCODT is a highly reliable, valid, and sensitive test. Therefore, the SFCODT could be used by practitioners to evaluate specific CODS performance in fencer athletes.

Validity and reliability of smartphone-based pelvic rotation evaluations of children with cerebral palsy while sitting, standing, and standing on one leg

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Do Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Pelvic Rotation ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

PURPOSE: We explored the test-retest reliability of pelvic rotation measured using a smartphone and established criterion-related validity by analyzing simple linear regression between pelvic rotation data obtained using the smartphone and those measured by a palpation meter. METHODS: We recruited 12 children with cerebral palsy (CP) (7 boys and 5 girls) and measured pelvic rotation using a smartphone application and a palpation meter in the sitting, standing, and one-leg standing positions. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); simple linear regression was analyzed to explore the relationships between smartphone and palpation meter data. RESULTS: In terms of the test-retest reliability of pelvic rotation measured by the smartphone, the ICCs ranged from 0.85 to 0.95. A positive linear correlation was found between smartphone and palpation meter data. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that measurement of pelvic rotation using a smartphone was reliable when children with CP were in the sitting, standing, and one-leg standing positions. In addition, pelvic rotation measured using the smartphone correlated significantly with that measured using a palpation meter.

scholarly journals The Reliability and Sensitivity of Change of Direction Deficit and Its Association with Linear Sprint Speed in Prepubertal Male Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Raja Bouguezzi ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Helmi Chaabene
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
M 10 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Background: This study aimed to examine the reliability and sensitivity of a change of direction deficit (CoDD) and to establish its relationship with linear sprint speed. Methods: In total, 89 prepubertal male soccer players participated in this study (age = 11.7 ± 1.2 years, maturity offset = −2.4 ± 1.0). Participants performed the 505 CoD speed test and the 20 m linear sprint speed test with a split interval at 5 m and 10 m. The CoDD was calculated as the mean 505 CoD time—the mean 10 to 20 m time interval. To evaluate the reliability of CoDD, the 505 CoD speed test, and 20 m linear sprint speed were performed twice, one week apart. The sensitivity of CoDD was identified by comparing the values of the typical error of measurement (TEM) and smallest worthwhile change (SWC). Results: Results of the reliability analysis indicated an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3.1) < 0.50 (0.47) and a TEM expressed as the coefficient of variation > 5% (10.55%). The sensitivity analysis showed that the ability of the CoDD measure to detect small performance changes is “marginal” (TEM (0.12) > SWC0.2 (0.04)). However, good absolute and relative reliability were observed for the 505 CoD speed test (ICC3.1 = 0.75; TEM < 5%). Alike CoDD, the ability of the 505 CoD speed test to detect small performance changes was rated as “marginal” (TEM (0.07 s) > SWC0.2 (0.04 s)). The CoDD revealed a large association with the 505 CoD speed test (r = 0.71). However, non-significant associations were detected between the CoDD and 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m linear sprint speed intervals (r = 0.10 to 0.16, all p > 0.05). Likewise, non-significant correlations between the 505 CoD speed test and 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m linear sprint speed intervals were observed (r = 0.14 to 0.20, all p > 0.05). Conclusions: The CoDD displayed poor reliability and limited ability to detect small changes in performance in prepubertal male soccer players. Due to its limited practical utility, practitioners are advised not to consider CoDD scores during the assessment of prepubertal male soccer players.

scholarly journals Kinect V2-Based Gait Analysis for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Validity and Reliability of Spatial Margin of Stability and Spatiotemporal Variables

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Yunru Ma ◽  
Kumar Mithraratne ◽  
Nichola Wilson ◽  
Yanxin Zhang ◽  
Xiangbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Kinect V2 ◽  
Margin Of Stability ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have high risks of falling. It is necessary to evaluate gait stability for children with CP. In comparison to traditional motion capture techniques, the Kinect has the potential to be utilised as a cost-effective gait stability assessment tool, ensuring frequent and uninterrupted gait monitoring. To evaluate the validity and reliability of this measurement, in this study, ten children with CP performed two testing sessions, of which gait data were recorded by a Kinect V2 sensor and a referential Motion Analysis system. The margin of stability (MOS) and gait spatiotemporal metrics were examined. For the spatiotemporal parameters, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,k) values were from 0.83 to 0.99 between two devices and from 0.78 to 0.88 between two testing sessions. For the MOS outcomes, ICC2,k values ranged from 0.42 to 0.99 between two devices and 0.28 to 0.69 between two test sessions. The Kinect V2 was able to provide valid and reliable spatiotemporal gait parameters, and it could also offer accurate outcome measures for the minimum MOS. The reliability of the Kinect V2 when assessing time-specific MOS variables was limited. The Kinect V2 shows the potential to be used as a cost-effective tool for CP gait stability assessment.

Vertical and Horizontal Jump Capacity in International Cerebral Palsy Football Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Reina ◽  
Aitor Iturricastillo ◽  
Rafael Sabido ◽  
Maria Campayo-Piernas ◽  
Javier Yanci
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Classification Procedures

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and validity of vertical and horizontal jump tests in football players with cerebral palsy (FPCP) and to analyze the jump performance differences between current International Federation for Cerebral Palsy Football functional classes (ie, FT5–FT8). Methods: A total of 132 international parafootballers (25.8 [6.7] y; 70.0 [9.1] kg; 175.7 [7.3] cm; 22.8 [2.8] kg·m−2; and 10.7 [7.5] y training experience) participated in the study. The participants were classified according to the International Federation for Cerebral Palsy Football classification rules, and a group of 39 players without cerebral palsy was included in the study as a control group. Football players’ vertical and horizontal jump performance was assessed. Results: All the tests showed good to excellent relative intrasession reliability scores, both in FPCP and in the control group (intraclass correlation = .78–.97, SEM < 10.5%). Significant between-groups differences (P < .001) were obtained in the countermovement jump, standing broad jump, 4 bounds for distance, and triple hop for distance dominant leg and nondominant leg. The control group performed higher/farther jumps with regard to all the FPCP classes, obtaining significant differences and moderate to large effect sizes (ESs) (.85 < ES < 5.54, P < .01). Players in FT8 class (less severe impairments) had significantly higher scores in all the jump tests than players in the lower classes (ES = moderate to large, P < .01). Conclusions: The vertical and horizontal jump tests performed in this study could be applied to the classification procedures and protocols for FPCP.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of a Test Battery to Assess Change of Directions with Ball Dribbling in Para-footballers with Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Felippe Daniel ◽  
Raúl Reina ◽  
José Irineu Gorla ◽  
Tânia Bastos ◽  
Alba Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Football Coaches ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Mild Impairment ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content and construct validity and between-sessions reliability of four agility tests requiring ball dribbling in football players with cerebral palsy (CP) with implications for classification and training. A sample of 35 football players with CP from three different countries took part in the study. They performed four tests in two sessions 72 h apart: i) 20 m in a straight line, ii) forward slalom with short changes of direction, iii) forward slalom with wide changes of direction and iv) square course. The Kappa coefficient was used to test content validity, obtaining moderate to almost perfect agreement results. Construct validity was also demonstrated with very large to almost perfect correlations between tests and sessions. Good reliability was found using intra-class coefficients (>0.86), standard error of measurement (<10.8%) and Cronbach´s alpha (>0.86). The comparisons between CP profiles (i.e. sport classes) demonstrated that those with mild impairment performed faster, and those with impairment of ataxia and dyskinesia performed worse. The four tests could have applications in classification, but may also be applied by the CP football coaches to improve athlete agility and football skills.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document