Effects of Exercise on Bone Density, Balance, and Self-Efficacy in Older Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Jessup ◽  
Claydell Horne ◽  
R. K. Vishen ◽  
Donna Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Training Exercises

The effects of weighted vest walking and strength-training exercises on bone mineral density (BMD), balance, strength, and self-efficacy were tested in older women. Eighteen women, age 69.2 ± 3.5 years, were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG) ( n = 9), or a sedentary control group (CG) ( n = 9). The EG participated in 32 weeks (three 1-h sessions/week) of supervised strength training and walking, stair climbing, and balance exercises while wearing weighted vests. The CG did not exercise. All women took Ca²+ and vitamin D during the study period. Measures included 1) BMD of the hip and lumbar spine measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 2) strength, 3) balance, and 4) scores on a self-efficacy instrument. The EG had significant improvements in bone density of the femoral neck and balance and a significant weight loss ( P < 0.05). There were no changes in self-efficacy in either group.

Effects of aerobic plus explosive power exercises on bone remodeling and bone mineral density in young men

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Veysi Çay ◽  
Gurbuz Buyukyazi ◽  
Cevval Ulman ◽  
Fatma Taneli ◽  
Yeliz Doğru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to examine effects of aerobic jogging and explosive power exercises on body composition, maximal oxygen consumption (MaxVOMaterials and methods:Thirty seven healthy males were divided into exercise group (EG, n=19) and control group (CG, n=18). EG completed 10 weeks of outdoor aerobic (jogging at 60–70% maximal heart rate reserve starting from 20 min steadily increasing up to 28 min) and explosive power exercises (in 2–3 sets, with maximum repetitions lasting 15 s), 3 times per week. All measurements were taken before and after the exercise program. BMD was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Results:Body mass index (p<0.001) significantly decreased; MaxVOConclusion:Performing our outdoor exercise program in spring months might have an important role in the significant increase (9 vs. 22 ng/mL) in mean vitamin D level, which reached above the fracture risk level of 20 ng/mL.

scholarly journals The evaluation of mandibular bone density in chronic periodontitis models

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Yuliana Mahdiyah Da’at Arina ◽  
F. Ferdiansyah ◽  
Mohamad Rubianto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Members

Background: Bone density, an important factor in functional bone quality, can affect the success of implant osteointegration or orthodontic treatment. A number of studies report that chonic periodontitis constitutes one risk factor of osteoporosis characterized by low bone mineral density and that the mandible is susceptible to osteoporosis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mandibular bone density in animal subjects suffering from chronic periodontitis. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four chronic periodontitis groups and four control groups (each group n=5). As chronic periodontitis models, the subjects were injected with 2×109 CFU/ml of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the sulcular gingiva, whereas control group members were injected with normal saline. After 2, 3, 4 and 6-week injection periods, the subjects were sacrificed and radiographic examination of the mandibular bone subsequently performed. Mandibular bone density was evaluated by histometric analysis. Results: The mandibular bone density in members of the chronic periodontitis group was significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). The reduced mandibular bone density in the chronic periodontitis group was in line with the protracted bouts of periodontitis. Conclusion: Reduced mandibular bone density was found in the chronic periodontitis model. The longer the duration of a bout of chronic periodontitis, the greater the reduction in mandibular bone density.

Relationship among running mileage, bone density, and serum testosterone in male runners

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. MacDougall ◽  
C. E. Webber ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
S. Ormerod ◽  
A. Chesley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Density Measurements

Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between running volume and bone mineral mass in adult male runners. Whole body and regional bone mineral density were determined by dual-photon absorptiometry in 22 sedentary controls and 53 runners who were selected according to their running mileage to fall into a 5- to 10-, 15- to 20-, 25- to 30-, 40- to 55-, or 60- to 75-mile/wk group. All groups were of similar age (20–45 yr) and nutritional status, as determined by 7-day food records. Regional sites for bone density measurements included the trunk, spine, pelvis, thighs, and lower legs. In addition, serum total testosterone was determined in each subject and computed tomography scans were made of the lower legs in 34 subjects to assess bone cross-sectional area. No significant differences were detected for bone density measurements with the exception of the lower legs where it was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater for the 15- to 20-mile/wk group than for the control and 5- to 10-mile/wk groups. With mileage greater than 20 miles/wk, bone density of the lower legs showed no further increase and, in fact, tended to decrease, so that for the 60- to 75-mile/wk group it was similar to that of the controls. Cross-sectional area of the tibia and fibula when normalized to body weight tended to be greater as weekly mileage increased and was significantly greater in the 40- to 55-mile/wk runners than in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Impact of Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Capacities of Hypertensive Obese Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233372141985969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Miranda Ramos ◽  
Hélio José Coelho-Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Yukio Asano ◽  
Raul Cosme Ramos Prado ◽  
Rodrigo Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Physical Capacities ◽  
The Impact

The association of old age and chronic conditions, such as hypertension and obesity, can lead to larger decreases in the physical capacities of elderly, compared with their healthy counterparts. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be efficient in postponing this phenomenon, mainly strength training. However, little is known about the effect of aerobic training on this condition. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training on the physical capacities of hypertensive obese older women. Aerobic power, lower limb muscle power, upper limb muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility of 19 hypertensive obese elders were evaluated. Afterward, patients were blindly randomized into control group (CG) and exercise group (EG). EG underwent three sessions/week of 60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic training, during 12 weeks. EG showed increases in VO2max compared with CG ( p = .03) and increases in flexibility compared with basal moment (+21.6%; p = .01) after 12 weeks, whereas CG did not show any significant alterations. Moderate aerobic training is capable of inducing increases in maximal aerobic power and flexibility in hypertensive obese elderly. However, other essential physical capacities associated with independence in elderly people (i.e., muscle power and strength) were not responsive to this kind of protocol.

scholarly journals Strength Training and Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Factors Related to Exercise Adherence

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Seguin ◽  
Christina D. Economos ◽  
Ruth Palombo ◽  
Raymond Hyatt ◽  
Julia Kuder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Program Leaders ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
Training Exercises

Background:Despite the recognized health benefits, few older women participate in strength-training exercises.Methods:The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to older women’s adherence to strength training after participation in the Strong Women Program, a nationally disseminated community program. Adherence was defined as ≥4 months of twice-weekly strength training. Surveys were sent to 970 program participants from 23 states and to participants’ corresponding program leaders. Five-hundred fifty-seven participants responded (57%).Results:Of respondents who completed surveys (527), 79% (415) adhered to strength training; adherers reported a mean of 14.1 ± 9.1 months of strength training. Logistic-regression analysis revealed that exercise adherence was positively associated with age (p= .001), higher lifetime physical activity levels (p= .045), better perceived health (p= .003), leader’s sports participation (p= .028), and leader’s prior experience leading programs (p= .006).Conclusion:These data lend insight to factors that may be related to exercise adherence among midlife and older women.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Properties, Physical Function, and Physical Activity among Frail Older People: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken ◽  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Anine Brudeseth ◽  
Vidar Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Frail Elderly People

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 10-week strength training intervention on isometric strength, rate of force development (RFD), physical function (stair climbing, rising from a chair, and preferred and maximal walking speed), and physical activity among frail elderly people receiving home-care services. Thirty participants were randomly assigned (by sex) to a control group (CON) or a strength training group (ST) performing a supervised training programme using elastic bands, box-lifting, and body weight exercises twice per week. Twenty-three participants were selected to complete the study (age 84.9 ± 6.1 years). For the ST, only improvement in muscle properties was the peak RFD in leg extension (p=0.04). No significant differences were observed in muscle properties for the control group (CON) (p=0.16–1.00) or between groups (p=0.39–1.00). There were no changes within and between the groups in physical function (p=0.12–0.19) or physical activity levels (p=0.06–0.73). The results of this pilot study did not demonstrate greater improvements in muscle properties and physical function and improved physical activity after attending a home-based resistance program compared to physical activity advise; however, larger population studies should examine these findings. This trial is registered with ISRCTN10967873.

scholarly journals Latihan Fisik dan Kalsitonin Salmon Meningkatkan Kepadatan Tulang Tikus Masa Pertumbuhan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Syarli Lesmana ◽  
Gadis Meinar Sari ◽  
Choesnan Effendi ◽  
Shinta Arisant
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Bone Measurement

Bone is a complex tissue consists of cell and matrix. Matrix consist of fibers and ground substance that contain mineralized. Bone mineralized always increase and decrease through the remodelling process. Remodelling bone consists of two processes, bone formatted by osteoblast and bone resorption by osteoclast. Growing period is the best period to increase bone density. The research purpose was to prove exercise and calcitonin effect in the bone density and bone mass increment. The research method used the randomize post test only control group design. The groups consist of control, exercise, and combine (exercise+calcitonin) group. The sampel of each group is seven young males norvegicus rat (six weeks old). Exercise group swam once a day and three times a week, calsitonin group was given synthetic salmon calcitonin injection 2 IU/100gram of rat weight everyday and combine group was treated both of exercise and calcitonin injection. The treatment duration is eight weeks. Measurements of density bone was done with using ultrasound DBM SONIC 1200 (Digital Bone Measurement- emsor,SA,Madrid,spain). This instrument was issued conducting sound waves to assessment of density bone with m/sec. The research also measured mass , diameter and length of the bone. Mass bone was measured by using a analytical balance librar - shimadzu in grams. The result was the combine had higher bone density (p=0,001) and bone mass (p=0,004) compare to other groups. The conclusion was the combination of exercise and salmon calsitonin can increase bone density and bone mass in growing rat.

scholarly journals Effects of Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Density and Strength in Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Jonnatan Fajardo ◽  
Danielle Gaffen ◽  
Ashley Eisner ◽  
Mark Kern ◽  
Shirin Hooshmand
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Traditionally, osteoporosis has been viewed as a disease mostly affecting women, but cases in men are increasing. Fractures due to osteoporosis can lead to a decreased quality of life in vulnerable populations and lead to increased mortality in men. Although several studies of male and female animals and adult women have demonstrated bone protective effects of dried plum (prunes), no human study has evaluated the effect of dried plum on bone health in men. The objective of the current study was to examine the long-term effects of 100 g dried plum on bone density and strength in men. Methods Sixty-six men (50–79 years old) were randomly assigned into two treatment groups for 12 months: (1) 100 g/day of dried plums; (2) control (0 g/day dried plum). Bone mineral density was measured at baseline, 6- and 12-months at the total body, hip, lumbar spine, and ulna via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Evaluation of volumetric bone density and strength of the left tibia occurred at baseline, 6- and 12-months using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Results There were no statistically significant changes in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline to 6 months and 12 months for total body, spine (L1-L4), right and left hip BMD in the control group (0 g/day dried plum) or 100 g/day dried plum group. Modest beneficial effects of dried plums were observed for changes in bone geometry as detected by pQCT including a tendency for BMD to increase as well as increases in periosteal and endosteal circumferences at the 66% region of the tibia, which may promote greater bone strength. Conclusions Dried plums have the potential to improve bone morphometry of the proximal tibia in healthy adult men when consumed for 12 months. Future studies should examine the impact on men with low bone density to further evaluate the bone protective effects of dried plum in male populations. Funding Sources This study was funded by the California Dried Plum Board.

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