The Supplemental Benefits of Strength Training for Aerobically Active Postmenopausal Women

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Morgan ◽  
Jody D. Ellison ◽  
Margaret P. Chandler ◽  
Wojtek J. Ckodzko-Zajko
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This study examined the supplemental benefits of strength training in aerobically active postmenopausal women. Eighteen women (61-71 yrs) who had been participating in regular aerobic exercise for the preceding 8 months were randomly assigned to control (n= 9) and experimental (n= 9) groups. Both groups continued aerobic exercise 3 times a week for the 8-week training period. In addition, the experimental group performed 3 sets (8–12 repetitions) of standard knee extension and flexion exercises at 80% of their 1-repetition maximum (1-RM). In the experimental group, highly significant increases in knee flexion and extension strength were observed. No changes in strength were noted in the control subjects. There were no significant changes in body composition for either group. The data suggest that aerobically active older individuals can greatly increase strength with resistance training, which is consistent with recent recommendations that resistance training should be used to supplement aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals Reliability in One-Repetition Maximum Performance in People with Parkinson's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Buckley ◽  
Christopher J. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
And Performance

Strength training is an effective modality to improve muscular strength and functional performance in people with Parkinson's disease (PWP). One-repetition maximum (1-RM) is the gold standard assessment of strength; however, PWP suffer from day-to-day variations in symptom severity and performance characteristics, potentially adversely affecting the reliability of 1-RM performance. Herein, we assessed the reliability of 1-RM in PWP. Forty-six participants completed two sessions of 1-RM testing of knee extension, knee flexion, chest press, and biceps curl at least 72 hours apart. Significantly differences between testing sessions were identified for knee extension (P< 0.001), knee flexion (P= 0.042), and biceps curl (P= 0.001); however, high reliability (ICC > 0.90) was also identified between sessions. Interestingly, almost third of subjects failed to perform better on the second testing session. These findings suggest that 1-RM testing can be safely performed in PWP and that disease-related daily variability may influence 1-RM performance.

scholarly journals Load progression in strength exercises through a physical combined training program for elderly people

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bueno Gadelha ◽  
Mara Patricia Traina Chacon Mikahil ◽  
Amanda Veiga Sardeli ◽  
Wellington M. Santos ◽  
Daisa F. G. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Strength Exercise ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Training Protocol

The objective of this study was to investigate how many strength training sessions would be necessary to achieve significant increase in load. A group of 7 men and 14 women over 60 years old were recruited for the survey. The participants underwent combined training (strength and aerobic exercise), with 2 sessions of strength exercise and 3 sessions of aerobic exercise per week during 16 weeks. The strength exercise was composed of 5 exercises for the main muscle groups (knee extension, knee curl, leg press, bench press, high pull), 1 set of 15 repetitions was performed for each exercise. The aerobic exercise consisted of continuous walking/running on a treadmill, at 60% of the VO2 reserve, for 50 minutes. The loads were recorded at each training session. Participants were encouraged to always score between 7 and 8 on the effort perception scale (0 to 10). In the present study we observed that both genders had an increase in the amount of load used. The combined training protocol is capable of increase the load in the strength training in the first 8 training sessions differentianting between exercises and gender.

scholarly journals Differences in the Flexion and Extension Phases during Kneeling Investigated by Kinematic and Contact Point Analyses: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Nakazoe ◽  
Akihiko Yonekura ◽  
Hiroyuki Takita ◽  
Takeshi Miyaji ◽  
Narihiro Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Extension Phase ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract Background: Kneeling is necessary for certain religious and ceremonial occasions, crouching work, and gardening, which many people take part in worldwide. However, there have been few reports regarding kneeling activities. The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematics of kneeling.Methods: The subjects were 15 healthy young males. Kneeling activity was analysed within a knee flexion angle from 100° to maximum flexion (maxflex, mean ± SD = 161.3 ± 3.2°). The kinematic and contact point (CP) analyses were performed using a 2D/3D registration method, in which a 3D bone model created from computed tomography images was matched to knee lateral fluoroscopic images and analysed on a personal computer.Results: In the kinematic analysis, the femur translated 37.5 mm posteriorly and rotated 19.8° externally relative to the tibia during the knee flexion phase. During the knee extension phase, the femur translated 36.4 mm anteriorly, which was almost the same amount as in the knee flexion phase. However, the femur rotated only 7.4° internally during the knee extension phase. In the CP analysis, the amount of anterior translation of the CP in the knee extension phase was greater in the medial CP and smaller in the lateral CP than that of posterior translation in the knee flexion phase.Conclusions: In kneeling, there was a difference in the rotational kinematics between the flexion phase and the extension phase. The kinematic difference between the flexion and extension phases may have some effect on the meniscus and articular cartilage.

The Effects of a Twice-A-Week Strength Training Program on Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Leonard D. Zaichkowsky ◽  
Wayne L. Westcott ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Allan F. Fehlandt
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Group

The effectiveness of a twice-a-week strength training program on children was evaluated in 14 boys and girls (mean age 10.8 yrs) who participated in a biweekly training program for 8 weeks. Each subject performed three sets of 10 to 15 repetitions on five exercises with intensities ranging between 50 and 100% of a given 10-repetition maximum (RM). All subjects were pre- and posttested on the following measures: 10-RM strength, sit and reach flexibility, vertical jump, seated ball put, resting blood pressure, and body composition parameters. The subjects were compared to a similar group of boys and girls (n = 9; mean age 9.9 yrs) who were randomly selected to serve as controls. Following the training period, the experimental group made greater gains in strength (74.3%) as compared to the control group (13.0%) (p < 0.001), and differences in the sum of seven skinfolds were noted (−2.3% vs. +1.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). Training did not significantly affect other variables. These results suggest that participation in a short-term, twice-a-week strength training program can increase the strength and improve the body composition of young boys and girls.

Ability of Isokinetic Dynamometer to Predict Isotonic Knee Extension 1-Repetition Maximum

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-620
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Lesnak ◽  
Dillon T. Anderson ◽  
Brooke E. Farmer ◽  
Dimitrios Katsavelis ◽  
Terry L. Grindstaff
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Knee Rehabilitation ◽  
Torque Values

Context: Resistance training exercise prescription is often based on exercises performed at a percentage of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Following knee injury, there is no consensus when a patient can safely perform 1RM testing. Resistance training programs require the use of higher loads, and loads used in knee injury rehabilitation may be too low to elicit gains in strength and power. A maximum isometric contraction can safely be performed during early stages of knee rehabilitation and has potential to predict an isotonic knee extension 1RM. Objective: To determine whether a 1RM on an isotonic knee extension machine can be predicted from isometric peak torque measurements. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 (12 males and 8 females) healthy, physically active adults. Main Outcome Measures: An isokinetic dynamometer was used to determine isometric peak torque (in N·m). 1RM testing was performed on a knee extension machine. Linear regression was used to develop a prediction equation, and Bland–Altman plots with limits of agreement calculations were used to validate the equation. Results: There was a significant correlation (P < .001, r = .926) between peak torque (283.0 [22.6] N·m) and the knee extension 1RM (69.1 [22.6] kg). The prediction equation overestimated the loads (2.3 [9.1] kg; 95% confidence interval, −15.6 to 20.1 kg). Conclusions: The results show that isometric peak torque values obtained on an isokinetic dynamometer can be used to estimate 1RM values for isotonic knee extension. Although the prediction equation tends to overestimate loads, the relatively wide confidence intervals indicate that results should be viewed with caution.

scholarly journals The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949901668408
Author(s):  
Anil Agarwal ◽  
Anubrat Kumar ◽  
Madhusudan Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Knee Position ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Purpose: We prospectively investigated the foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace (SFAB) use in corrected clubfeet. The foot abduction achievable in SFAB with knee flexion and extension was calculated to find the effectiveness and stretch exerted by it. Methods: Only children with corrected idiopathic clubfeet using SFAB for greater than 3 months were enrolled. The foot abduction with and without brace in knee extended and flexed positions was measured. Hip range of motion (ROM) with and without brace was also recorded. Results: The average age of 42 children ( 62 feet) was 24.25 months (range: 5–48 months). There was difference in foot abduction of 22.2° in knee extension and flexion with SFAB on. A significant change in foot stretch of 25.5° observed when the knee was moved from extended to flexed position indicated SFAB dynamicity. The SFAB was found to be an effective orthosis as it brought the corrected clubfoot into maximum abduction permissible in the foot during the phase of knee flexion. The tibial rotation accounted for a major component (61%) of apparent foot abduction with the brace on. A hip ROM of 52.2° was required for SFAB function. Conclusion: SFAB is a dynamic brace that functions better in flexed knee position. It is able to induce a near equivalent actual abduction available in the foot in flexed position of knee. There is a significant component of tibial external rotation in SFAB-induced foot abduction. SFAB function is also dependent on hip mechanics.

Power training is more effective than strength training for maintaining bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Stengel ◽  
W. Kemmler ◽  
R. Pintag ◽  
C. Beeskow ◽  
J. Weineck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Total Hip

Physical exercise has a favorable impact on bones, but optimum training strategies are still under discussion. In this study, we compared the effect of slow and fast resistance exercises on various osteodensitometric parameters. Fifty-three postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a strength training (ST) or a power training group (PT). Both groups carried out a progressive resistance training, a gymnastics session, and a home training over a period of 12 mo. During the resistance training, the ST group used slow and the PT group fast movements; otherwise there were no training differences. All subjects were supplemented with Ca and vitamin D. At baseline and after 12 mo, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and distal forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also measured anthropometric data and maximum static strength. Frequency and grade of pain were assessed by questionnaire. After 12 mo, significant between-group differences were observed for BMD at the lumbar spine ( P < 0.05) and the total hip ( P < 0.05). Whereas the PT group maintained BMD at the spine (+0.7 ± 2.1%, not significant) and the total hip (0.0 ± 1.7%, not significant), the ST group lost significantly at both sites (spine: −0.9 ± 1.9%; P < 0.05; total hip: −1.2 ± 1.5%; P < 0.01). No significant between-group differences were observed for anthropometric data, maximum strength, BMD of the forearm, or frequency and grade of pain. These findings suggest that power training is more effective than strength training in reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Comparison of single- and multi-joint lower body resistance training upon strength increases in recreationally active males and females: a within-participant unilateral training study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Goncalves ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Jürgen Giessing ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Body Resistance

The present study compared strength increases resulting from either single-joint (SJ) or multi-joint (MJ) lower body resistance exercise. A within-participants design was utilised. Ten recreationally active participants (males; n=5, and females; n=5) had their lower limbs randomly allocated to perform both unilateral MJ (leg press; LP) and unilateral SJ (knee extension; KE, and seated knee flexion; KF) exercises. Participants trained 2 d.week-1 for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention maximal strength (1-repetition maximum; 1RM) was measured for leg press, knee extension, and seated knee flexion exercises. Statistically significant strength increases occurred for both SJ and MJ groups, with significantly greater increases in 1RM for the MJ compared to the SJ group (p < 0.001 for all exercises). This study supports the use of MJ exercise for strength increases across lower body MJ and SJ movements, suggesting a time-efficient, and simple approach to resistance training may be efficacious. This might serve to promote greater adherence in the lay population as well as serving useful for rehabilitation professionals and strength and conditioning coaches in managing resistance exercise around skill/sport specific training.

Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. E1325-E1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thue Kvorning ◽  
Marianne Andersen ◽  
Kim Brixen ◽  
Klavs Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gnrh Analog ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Double Blinded

We hypothesized that suppression of endogenous testosterone would inhibit the adaptations to strength training in otherwise healthy men. Twenty-two young men with minor experience with strength training participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded intervention study. The subjects were randomized to treatment with the GnRH analog goserelin (3.6 mg) or placebo (saline) subcutaneously every 4 wk for 12 wk. The strength training period of 8 wk, starting at week 4, included exercises for all major muscles [3–4 sets per exercise × 6–10 repetitions with corresponding 6- to 10-repetition maximum (RM) loads, 3/wk]. A strength test, blood sampling, and whole body DEXA scan were performed at weeks 4 and 12. Endogenous testosterone decreased significantly ( P < 0.01) in the goserelin group from 22.6 ± 5.5 (mean ± SD) nmol/l to 2.0 ± 0.5 ( week 4) and 1.1 ± 0.6 nmol/l ( week 12), whereas it remained constant in the placebo group. The goserelin group showed no changes in isometric knee extension strength after training, whereas the placebo group increased from 240.2 ± 41.3 to 264.1 ± 35.3 Nm ( P < 0.05 within and P = 0.05 between groups). Lean mass of the legs increased 0.37 ± 0.13 and 0.57 ± 0.30 kg in the goserelin and placebo groups, respectively ( P < 0.05 within and P = 0.05 between groups). Body fat mass increased 1.4 ± 1.0 kg and decreased 0.6 ± 1.2 kg in the goserelin and placebo groups, respectively ( P < 0.05 within and between groups). We conclude that endogenous testosterone is of paramount importance to the adaptation to strength training.

Effects of moderate-velocity strength training on peak muscle power and movement velocity: do women respond differently than men?

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1712-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Delmonico ◽  
Matthew C. Kostek ◽  
Neil A. Doldo ◽  
Brian D. Hand ◽  
Jason A. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Difference

The effects of a 10-wk unilateral knee extension strength training (ST) program on peak power (PP) and peak movement velocity (PV), at given absolute (force load) and relative (same % of 1 repetition maximum) resistances (loads), were examined in 30 older men [64 yr (7 SD)] and 32 older women [62 yr (6 SD)]. PP increased significantly in both men and women at the same absolute ( P < 0.001) and relative loads ( P < 0.01) with ST. Men had a significantly greater increase in relative PP than women with ST at 60% ( P < 0.01) and 70% ( P < 0.001) of 1 repetition maximum when covarying for baseline differences and age. However, when each subject was tested at the same absolute load and when PP was normalized for the muscle volume of the trained knee extensors (i.e., absolute muscle power quality), women increased by 9% ( P < 0.05), whereas men did not change. Both men and women increased their absolute PV ( P < 0.001) but decreased their relative PV significantly with ST ( P < 0.05). However, when baseline values and age were covaried, women had significantly less of a decrease in relative PV quality with ST than men ( P < 0.01), although the difference was small. These normalized data suggest that ST-induced increases in PP depend on muscular hypertrophy in men, but not in women, providing further support for the hypothesis developed from our previous report (Ivey FM, Tracy BL, Lemmer JT, NessAiver M, Metter EJ, Fozard JL and Hurley BF. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55: B152–B157, 2000) that improvements in muscle function with ST result from nonmuscle mass adaptations to a greater extent in women than men.

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