Individual, Psychosocial, and Environmental Correlates of 4-Year Declines in Walking Among Middle-to-Older Aged Adults

Background:We examined associations of individual, psychosocial and environmental characteristics with 4-year changes in walking among middle-to-older aged adults; few such studies have employed prospective designs.Methods:Walking for transport and walking for recreation were assessed during 2003–2004 (baseline) and 2007–2008 (follow-up) among 445 adults aged 50–65 years residing in Adelaide, Australia. Logistic regression analyses examined predictors of being in the highest quintile of decline in walking (21.4 minutes/day or more reduction in walking for transport; 18.6 minutes/day or more reduction in walking for recreation).Results:Declines in walking for transport were related to higher level of walking at baseline, low perceived benefits of activity, low family social support, a medium level of social interaction, low sense of community, and higher neighborhood walkability. Declines in walking for recreation were related to higher level of walking at baseline, low self-efficacy for activity, low family social support, and a medium level of available walking facilities.Conclusions:Declines in middle-to-older aged adults’ walking for transport and walking for recreation have differing personal, psychosocial and built-environment correlates, for which particular preventive strategies may be developed. Targeted campaigns, community-based programs, and environmental and policy initiatives can be informed by these findings.

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High Neighborhood Walkability Mitigates Declines in Middle-to-Older Aged Adults’ Walking for Transport

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.9.7.1004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1004-1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hiroko Shimura ◽

Takemi Sugiyama ◽

Elisabeth Winkler ◽

Neville Owen

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Neighborhood Walkability ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Multilevel Linear Regression

Background:Neighborhood walkability shows significant positive relationship with residents’ walking for transport in cross-sectional studies. We examined prospective relationships of neighborhood walkability with the change in walking behaviors over 4 years among middle-to-older aged adults (50–65 years) residing in Adelaide, Australia.Methods:A baseline survey was conducted during 2003–2004, and a follow-up survey during 2007–2008. Walking for transport and walking for recreation were assessed at both times among 504 adults aged 50–65 years living in objectively determined high- and low-walkable neighborhoods. Multilevel linear regression analyses examined the associations of neighborhood walkability with changes over 4 years in walking for transport and walking for recreation.Results:On average, participants decreased their time spent in walking for transport (–4.1 min/day) and for recreation (–3.7 min/day) between the baseline and 4-year follow-up. However, those living in high-walkable neighborhoods showed significantly smaller reduction (adjusted mean change: –1.1 min/day) in their time spent in walking for transport than did those living in low-walkable neighborhoods (–6.7 min/day). No such statistically-significant differences were found with the changes in walking for recreation.Conclusions:High-walkable neighborhoods may help middle-to-older aged adults to maintain their walking for transport.

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Women Who Use Domestic Violence Shelters: Changes in Depression Over Time

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00290.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 237-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

Rebecca Campbell ◽

Cris M. Sullivan ◽

William S. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Domestic Violence Shelters ◽

Domestic Violence Shelter

This study examined the levels of depression reported by women who had used a domestic violence shelter. Depressive symptoms were assessed three times: immediately after shelter exit, 10 weeks thereafter, and 6 months later. Whereas 83% of the women reported at least mild depression on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale upon shelter exit, only 58% were depressed 10 weeks later. This did not change at the 6-month follow-up. An ecological, longitudinal model was evaluated to predict battered women's depression 8 1/2 months postshelter exit. Results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested that, after controlling for previous levels of depression, the women's feelings of powerlessness, experience of abuse, and decreased social support contributed to their depression symptoms. The women's scores on these three variables (feelings of powerlessness, abuse, and social support) at 10 weeks postshelter exit and at 6-month follow-up predicted depression at 6 months. Thus, there were both predictive and concurrent effects for these constructs. Implications for clinical and community interventions are discussed.

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Relationship between social support status and mortality in a community-based population: a prospective observational study (Yamagata study)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32367/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsutomu Uzuki ◽

Tsuneo Konta ◽

Ritsuko Saito ◽

Ri Sho ◽

Tsukasa Osaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Vital Role ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Community Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background: Social support, defined as the exchange of support in social relationships, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy behavior and mitigating the effects of stressors. This study investigated whether functional aspect of social support is related to 5-year mortality in health checkup participants.Methods: This study recruited 16,651 subjects (6,797 males, 9,854 females). Social support was evaluated using five-component questions: Do you have someone 1) whom you can consult when you are in trouble? 2) whom you can consult when your physical condition is not good? 3) who can help you with daily homework? 4) who can take you to hospital when you don't feel well? and 5) who can take care of you when you are ill in bed? The association between the component of social support and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazard analysis.Results: The percentage of subjects without social support components was 7.7%-15.0%. They were more likely to be male, non-elderly, and living alone. During the follow-up period, there were 166 all-cause and 38 cardiovascular deaths. Cox proportional analysis adjusted for confounders showed that only the lack of support for transportation to hospital was significantly associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-6.87). These associations were stronger in males than females.Conclusion: This study showed that the lack of social support for transportation to the hospital was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a community-based population.

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Relationship between social support status and mortality in a community-based population: a prospective observational study (Yamagata study)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32367/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsutomu Uzuki ◽

Tsuneo Konta ◽

Ritsuko Saito ◽

Ri Sho ◽

Tsukasa Osaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Vital Role ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Community Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background: Social support, defined as the exchange of support in social relationships, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy behavior and mitigating the effects of stressors. This study investigated whether functional aspect of social support is related to 5-year mortality in health checkup participants. Methods: This study recruited 16,651 subjects (6,797 males, 9,854 females). Social support was evaluated using five-component questions: Do you have someone 1) whom you can consult when you are in trouble? 2) whom you can consult when your physical condition is not good? 3) who can help you with daily homework? 4) who can take you to hospital when you don’t feel well? and 5) who can take care of you when you are ill in bed? The association between the component of social support and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results: The percentage of subjects without social support components was 7.7%-15.0%. They were more likely to be male, non-elderly, and living alone. During the follow-up period, there were 166 all-cause and 38 cardiovascular deaths. Cox proportional analysis adjusted for confounders showed that only the lack of support for transportation to hospital was significantly associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-6.87). These associations were stronger in males than females. Conclusion: This study showed that the lack of social support for transportation to the hospital was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a community-based population.

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Physical and Psychosocial Characteristics of Older Adults Who Participate in a Community-Based Exercise Program

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.11.4.516 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 516-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Elizabeth Orsega-Smith ◽

Laura L. Payne ◽

Geoffry Godbey

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

High Frequency ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Program Participation ◽

Psychosocial Characteristics ◽

Community Based ◽

Parks And Recreation ◽

Community Based Programs ◽

High Participation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a community-based exercise program for adults 60 years and older. Specifically, the authors sought to examine selected physical and psychosocial indicators of health among low-, moderate-, and high-frequency participants. Data on selected physical-fitness variables from baseline and 6-month follow-up assessments were available for 196 members. In addition, 265 current members completed a mailed questionnaire regarding frequency of program participation, health, demographics, and psychosocial outcomes. Significant improvements in endurance and flexibility were documented for the group at large over 6 months, and the low-participation group showed a significant increase in flexibility. Self-efficacy was higher for those in both the low- and high-frequency groups than for those in the moderate-participation group. Exercise-based social support was reported to be higher among the low- and high-participation groups than among the moderate-participation group. Results suggest that community-based programs and community parks and recreation agencies are a viable context for senior exercise/physical activity programs.

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Evaluation of REACH-TX: A Community-Based Approach to the REACH II Intervention

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jinmyoung Cho ◽

Susanna Luk-Jones ◽

Donald R Smith ◽

Alan B Stevens

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Support ◽

Linear Models ◽

Support Service ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Community Based ◽

Reach Ii ◽

Intervention Protocol

Abstract Background and Objectives Family caregiving interventions have been proven efficacious at reducing dementia caregiver’s stress and burden, yet translation of evidence-based interventions into community-based support service programs requires modification to the original intervention protocol. In collaboration with community partners, the REACH-TX program was developed based on the REACH II (Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health) intervention. REACH-TX maintains the integrity of the multicomponent skill-based REACH II intervention but requires significantly fewer therapeutic contacts between the family caregiver and the dementia care specialist. This study presents an evaluation of REACH-TX implemented by the Alzheimer’s Association North Central Texas Chapter. Research Design and Methods REACH-TX was provided to 1,522 caregivers between November 2011 and December 2017. The number of therapeutic contacts scheduled for caregivers was determined by the Risk Appraisal Measure (RAM) and ranged from 1 to 23. The rate of follow-up data on outcome measures collected was 59.0% (n = 898). All five domains of the REACH II quality-of-life measure (burden, depression, social support, self-care, and problem behaviors) were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. Caregivers (n = 53) participating in the program more than once allowed us to investigate the long-term impact of the first exposure to REACH-TX and the value of repeating the program. Generalized linear models were used to assess changes in quality of life after adjusting for covariates. Results Caregivers who completed the program showed significant improvements from baseline to 6 months on all five domains of quality of life, as evidenced by the follow-up data. Furthermore, caregivers who enrolled a second time in REACH-TX showed significant improvement in burden and social support scores. Discussion and Implications This evaluation of REACH-TX suggests that REACH II evidence-based intervention can be translated into a valuable and sustainable community-based service for family caregivers. Additional translational research is needed to overcome the challenges of conducting standardized outcome assessments of caregiving services.

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Predictors of Remission at 1-year Follow-up among ocd Patients: Findings from The Netherlands Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S73-S73

Author(s):

L. Tibi ◽

P. van Oppen ◽

A. van Balkom ◽

M. Eikelenboom ◽

G. Anholt

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Compulsive Symptom ◽

Remission Status ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is described as a chronic condition. However, relatively little is known about predictors affecting its long-term outcome.ObjectiveTo examine the contribution of clinical and interpersonal determinants in predicting remission status of 254 OCD patients at one-year follow-up (FU1).MethodsWe used the baseline and FU1 data of The Netherlands obsessive-compulsive disorder association (NOCDA) study. Clinical predictors were chronicity level, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Suspected interpersonal factors included attachment style, social support and expressed emotion. Remission status was defined using the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive symptom (Y-BOCS) scale. χ2 tests and ANOVAs were used for bivariate analyses, followed by multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess main effects and interactions in predicting remission status at FU1.ResultsBivariate tests demonstrated significant differences in remission status as a function of chronicity level, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and social support. Regression analyses revealed that increased baseline OCD severity reduced the odds for both partial and full remission at FU1 (OR = .87, 95%CI = .82–93, P < 0.001). Increased depressive severity at baseline reduced the odds for partial remission at FU1 (OR = .95, 95%CI = .91–.98, P < 0.01). Interactions analyses demonstrated that the adverse effects of OCD severity on partial remission disappeared at the presence of secure attachment (IOR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.24, P < 0.05) and high social support (IOR = .88, 95%CI = .78–98, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe contribution of clinical severity is critical for understanding the prognosis of OCD. The interpersonal context of OCD patients may mitigate the unfavorable effect of severity on outcome, thus should be addressed in treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Relationship between social support status and mortality in a community-based population: a prospective observational study (Yamagata study)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32367/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsutomu Uzuki ◽

Tsuneo Konta ◽

Ritsuko Saito ◽

Ri Sho ◽

Tsukasa Osaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Community Based ◽

Health Checkup ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background:Social support, defined as the exchange of support in social relationships, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy behavior and mitigating the effects of stressors. This study investigated whether social support is related to 5-year mortality in health checkup participants.Methods:This study recruited 16,651 subjects (6,797 males, 9,854 females). Social support was evaluated using five component questions: Do you have someone 1) whom you can consult when you are in trouble? 2) whom you can consult when your physical condition is not good? 3) who can help you with daily homework? 4) who can take you to hospital when you don’t feel well? and 5) who can take care of you when you are ill in bed? The association between the component of social support and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazard analysis.Results:The percentage of subjects without social support components was 7.7%-15.0%. They were more likely to be male, non-elderly, and living alone. During the follow-up period, there were 166 all-cause and 38 cardiovascular deaths. Cox proportional analysis adjusted for confounders showed that only the lack of support for transportation to hospital was significantly associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-6.87). These associations were stronger in males than females.Conclusion:This study showed that the lack of social support for transportation to the hospital was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a community-based population.

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Late-life blood pressure association with cerebrovascular and Alzheimer disease pathology

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000005951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. e517-e525 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Zoe Arvanitakis ◽

Ana W. Capuano ◽

Melissa Lamar ◽

Raj C. Shah ◽

Lisa L. Barnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Late Life ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Community Based ◽

Brain Infarcts ◽

The Mean ◽

Alzheimer Disease Pathology

ObjectiveTo examine associations of average and change in late-life blood pressure (BP) with cerebrovascular and Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology in a large group of decedents followed longitudinally in vivo.MethodsThis clinical-pathologic study was derived from prospective, community-based cohort studies of aging with similar design and data collection. Measurements of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were obtained annually (mean follow-up 8 years, SD = 4.8). Postmortem neuropathologic evaluations documented diseases of aging. Using regression analyses, we examined associations of average and decline in late-life SBP, and separately in DBP, with neuropathology.ResultsIn 1,288 persons (mean age at death = 88.6 years; 65% women), the mean standardized person-specific SBP across the study was 134 (SD = 13) and DBP was 71 (SD = 8) mm Hg. The odds of brain infarcts were increased for participants with a higher mean SBP. Specifically, a person with a 1 SD SBP above the mean (147 vs 134 mm Hg) would have a 46% increased odds of having one or more infarcts, and an increased odds of gross infarct (46%) and microinfarct (36%). Furthermore, a more rapidly declining SBP slope over time increased the odds of one or more infarcts. Mean DBP, not slope, was related to brain infarcts. AD pathology analyses showed an association of a higher mean SBP with higher number of tangles (p = 0.038) but not plaques or other pathology (all p > 0.06). Changes in BP were not significantly related to AD pathology.ConclusionsHigher average late-life SBP and DBP, and independently a faster decline in SBP, are associated with increasing number of brain infarcts, including gross and microinfarcts. We found some evidence for a relation of SBP with AD, specifically tangles. Both average and decline in BP are related to brain disease.

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Relationship between social support status and mortality in a community-based population: a prospective observational study (Yamagata study)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32367/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsutomu Uzuki ◽

Tsuneo Konta ◽

Ritsuko Saito ◽

Ri Sho ◽

Tsukasa Osaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Vital Role ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Community Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background: Social support, defined as the exchange of support in social relationships, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy behavior and mitigating the effects of stressors. This study investigated whether functional aspect of social support is related to 5-year mortality in health checkup participants. Methods: This study recruited 16,651 subjects (6,797 males, 9,854 females). Social support was evaluated using five-component questions: Do you have someone 1) whom you can consult when you are in trouble? 2) whom you can consult when your physical condition is not good? 3) who can help you with daily homework? 4) who can take you to hospital when you don’t feel well? and 5) who can take care of you when you are ill in bed? The association between the component of social support and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results: The percentage of subjects without social support components was 7.7%-15.0%. They were more likely to be male, non-elderly, and living alone. During the follow-up period, there were 166 all-cause and 38 cardiovascular deaths. Cox proportional analysis adjusted for confounders showed that only the lack of support for transportation to hospital was significantly associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-6.87). These associations were stronger in males than females. Conclusion: This study showed that the lack of social support for transportation to the hospital was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a community-based population.

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