Does Physical Activity Mediate the Association Between Perceived Neighborhood Aesthetics and Overweight/Obesity Among South African Adults Living in Selected Urban and Rural Communities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasmore Malambo ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Anniza De Villiers ◽  
Thandi Puoane
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Background: To investigate the mediation effects of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between the perceived neighborhood aesthetic environment and overweight/obesity in free-living South Africans. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 671 adults aged ≥ 35 years was analyzed. PA was assessed using the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Perceived neighborhood aesthetics was assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale Questionnaire. Results: Of 671 participants, 76.0% were women, 34.1% aged 45–54 years, and 69.2% were overweight or obese. In adjusted logistic regression models, overweight/obesity was significantly associated with neighborhood aesthetics [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–0.93] and PA (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90). In expanded multivariable models, overweight/obesity was associated with age 45–55 years (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05–2.40), female gender (OR = 6.24; 95% CI, 3.95–9.86), tertiary education (OR = 4.05; 95% CI, 1.19–13.86), and urban residence (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 1.66–3.65). Conclusion: Aesthetics was positively associated with PA; both aesthetics and PA were negatively associated with overweight and obesity. There was no evidence to support a significant mediating effect of PA on the relationship between aesthetics and overweight/obesity. Future studies should consider objective assessment of aesthetics and PA. In addition, future studies should consider using longitudinal design to evaluate food-related environments, which are related to overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on sustained attention: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 32864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawar Siti Hajar ◽  
Hussein Rizal ◽  
Garry Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Longitudinal Study Design ◽  
The Relationship

AIM: Physical activity is known for its benefits to improve cognitive functions such as sustained attention. The study aimed to conduct a systematic review on the effects of physical activity on sustained attention. METHODS: Literature search was conducted using databases from Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The date of these published articles ranged from January 2010 to August 2018. RESULTS: A total of thirteen studies using the longitudinal design was selected to be part of this review. Most studies showed positive relationships between physical activity and sustained attention. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies may consider a longitudinal study design to study the effect of physical activity on sustained attention in prolonged time; as well as the corresponding affect with gender, age, motivation and to investigate the relationship between physical activities together with other possible factors that can indirectly affect sustained attention.

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Muscle on the Relationship of Physical Activity and Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERA ZYMBAL ◽  
FÁTIMA BAPTISTA ◽  
ELENA M. LETUCHY ◽  
KATHLEEN F. JANZ ◽  
STEVEN M. LEVY
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Two-sided Effect of Empowering Leadership on Follower’s Job Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-407
Author(s):  
Young Woo Sohn ◽  
Yun Jin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Felt Accountability ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we aimed to investigate the two-sided effect of empowering leadership on follower’s job stress by focusing on the potential for positive and negative effects of empowering leadership. Based on the empowerment theory and the role theory of accountability, we examined the mediating effects of self-efficacy and felt accountability and the moderated mediation effects of perceived organizational support(POS) in the relationship between empowering leadership and job stress. A total of 427 Korean employees participated in this study through an online survey. The results show that empowering leadership has indirect effects on job stress mediated by self-efficacy and felt accountability. Specifically, empowering leadership reduced job stress via increased self-efficacy, while increased job stress via increased felt accountability. Evidence was also found of the moderating role of POS: the positive relation between felt accountability and job stress was stronger for those with a low level of POS than those with a high POS. However, the moderating effect of POS was not found in the relationship between self-efficacy and job stress. In addition, the mediating effect of felt accountability was moderated by POS in the relationship between empowering leadership and follower’s job stress. Based on the results, we discuss several implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research.

City Newcomers’ Adaptation to Urban Life, Personal Well-Being, and Social Support

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1214
Author(s):  
Tianqiong Xia ◽  
Yifu Wang ◽  
Qiyi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
The Relationship

We evaluated the level of adaptation of city newcomers (CNs) to urban life in China, and their personal well-being, and explored the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between these variables. We used a 2-stage sampling method to recruit 314 participants who completed the Adaptation to Urban Life Scale, Social Support Scale, and Personal Well-Being Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test full and partial mediation effects. Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between the extent of CNs’ positive adaptation to urban life and their personal well-being. In addition, social support was beneficial for CNs’ personal well-being, and partially mediated the relationship between CNs’ adaptation to urban life and personal well-being. In addition, the adaptation to urban life dimensions of employment prospects, living conditions, and urban environment predicted CNs’ personal well-being. Implications of the findings are discussed, along with directions for future research.

Research

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vallerand ◽  
Gaëtan F. Losier
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The motives underlying involvement in sport appear to influence how a person will play the game. However, how athletes play the game may also have an impact on their motives for participating in sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-determined motivation and sportsmanship orientations by using a longitudinal design, as well as recent theoretical approaches to sportsmanship (Vallerand, 1991, 1994) and motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991). Male adolescent elite hockey players (N = 77, mean age = 15.8) completed a questionnaire assessing both constructs 2 weeks into the hockey season (T1) and at the end of the regular season (T2), 5 months later. The results from cross-lag correlations suggested that, over time, self-determined motivation and sportsmanship orientations have a positive bidirectional relation, in which self-determined motivation has greater influence on sportsmanship. These results give further impetus to the need to consider motivation in future studies on sportsmanship.

The mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between moral judgement, empathy and social opportunity recognition in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-372
Author(s):  
Boris Urban ◽  
Jabulile Galawe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Moral Judgement ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Scholars researching entrepreneurship argue that the distinct characteristics of social entrepreneurs, together with the particular category of opportunities they pursue, invite us to further understand social entrepreneurship (SE) as a distinct field of investigation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate opportunity recognition behaviour of social entrepreneurs and closely related unique attributes of empathy, moral judgement (MRJ) and self-efficacy, in an emerging market African context. Design/methodology/approach A survey was administered to social entrepreneurs across two of the largest provinces in South Africa, namely Cape Town and Gauteng. Hypotheses were statistically tested using correlational analysis and hierarchical regression with mediation effects. Findings Results reveal that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) plays a significant mediating effect in the relationship between MRJ and social opportunity recognition. Moreover, perceived MRJ and social ESE act as important determinants of increased social opportunity recognition. Originality/value This study has brought to attention the relevance of opportunity recognition to social entrepreneurs, while recognising their distinctive features in terms of empathy and MRJ. While self-efficacy and opportunity recognition are relatively well established in the traditional entrepreneurship literature, this study extends the reach of these variables into the SE domain.

Moderators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity Enjoyment and Physical Activity in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1066-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teun Remmers ◽  
Ester F.C. Sleddens ◽  
Stef P.J. Kremers ◽  
Carel Thijs
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Activity Enjoyment

Background:Physical activity (PA) enjoyment may be an important determinant of long-term habitual, self-sustained PA behavior in children. The objective of the current study was to contribute toward a better understanding of how children’s PA enjoyment is associated with PA behavior by examining the influence of age, gender, BMI, and impulsivity as theoretically hypothesized moderators of this relationship.Methods:PA was measured in 171 children (77 boys, 91 girls) using accelerometers, and PA enjoyment was assessed with the validated Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in 9-year-old children from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, the Netherlands. Linear regressions were fitted. Moderation was tested by adding interaction terms between PA enjoyment and the potential moderators.Results:We found a significant 3-way interaction (PA enjoyment × gender × impulsivity) for all intensities of PA behavior. In boys, impulsivity strengthened the relationship between PA enjoyment and PA behavior, whereas in girls impulsivity weakened this relationship.Conclusion:In girls, this may be explained by the relative automatic occurrence of PA behavior in impulsive girls (independent of PA enjoyment). In boys, the possibility that impulsivity is associated with hyperactivity may explain this moderation. The current study may encourage researchers to investigate these interactions in future studies.

Explaining Social Disparities in Mathematical Achievement: The Role of Motivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kriegbaum ◽  
Birgit Spinath
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Educational Equality ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mathematical Competence ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the role of motivation as a mediator of the relationship between parents’ socio–economic status (SES) and children's standardized test achievement in math. We employed a one–year longitudinal approach using Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003 and a follow–up exam in 2004. The sample consisted of N = 6020 German students (mean age 15.5 years, SD = .55) who continued school after Grade 9 (PISA 2003) and were in Grade 10 at the time of PISA 2004. Children completed measures related to their parents’ SES, math–specific self–concept, task–specific and global self–efficacy, and interest, intelligence and mathematical competence. We found a small to moderate correlation between parents’ SES and children's achievement. All motivational constructs partially mediated the relationship between father's SES as well as a family index for SES (economic, social, and cultural status) and children's mathematical competence, but only math–specific self–concept and self–efficacy were significant mediators for mother's SES. Even when simultaneously considering the mediating effect of children's intelligence and prior achievement, the mediation effects of motivation remained significant. These results are important for our understanding of educational equality. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

Modeling Longitudinal Relationships Between Habit and Physical Activity: Two Cross-Lagged Panel Design Studies in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob J.H. van Bree ◽  
Catherine Bolman ◽  
Aart N. Mudde ◽  
Maartje M. van Stralen ◽  
Denise A. Peels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

These longitudinal studies in older adults targeted mediated relationships between habit and physical activity (PA). In The Netherlands two independent studies were conducted among 1976 (Study 1: Mage = 63.63, SD = 8.66, 30% functional limitations) and 2140 (Study 2: Mage = 62.75, SD = 8.57, 45% functional limitations) adults aged 50 years or older. Cross-lagged panel designs were applied to examine whether habit mediates the relationship between prior and later PA and whether PA simultaneously mediates the relationship between prior and later habit. Data on habit and PA were collected by means of questionnaires at baseline (t0) and at 6 (t1) and 12 (t2) months after baseline measurement. Results of structural equation modeling analyses were not unambiguous. Indications for the existence of both hypothesized mediation effects were found, but no clear, unequivocal pattern appeared. Somewhat more support was found for the PA-habit-PA path than for the habit-PA-habit path. More research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.

The Relationship between Convenience of Destinations and Walking Levels in Older Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. King ◽  
Jennifer S. Brach ◽  
Steven Belle ◽  
Richard Killingsworth ◽  
Mark Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To examine the relationship between physical activity and (1) convenience of destinations, measured by whether destinations (such as a park, trail, businesses, and services) are within walking distance of the home, and (2) participants' perception of the quality of their neighborhood surroundings for walking, captured with a global neighborhood “walkability” rating. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in 1999. Setting. Community in southwest Pennsylvania. Subjects. Older Caucasian women (n = 149, mean age = 74.2 years). Response rate = 79%. Measures. Walking levels, leisure-time physical activity, and features of the neighborhood environment were measured with interviewer-administered questionnaires. Physical activity was also measured objectively with a pedometer. Results. Living within walking distance (defined as within a 20-minute walk of home) of a park; biking or walking trail; or department, discount, or hardware store was related to higher pedometer readings ( p < .01). In addition, there was a positive trend between the sum of destinations within walking distance of home and activity levels measured by pedometer and questionnaire ( p < .01). There was also a positive trend between participants' neighborhood “walkability” rating and activity levels measured by pedometer and questionnaire ( p < .01). Conclusion. These findings suggest that the ability to make utilitarian walking trips from home and the perception of having favorable neighborhood surroundings for walking are associated with increased physical activity levels in older women.

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