Research

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vallerand ◽  
Gaëtan F. Losier
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The motives underlying involvement in sport appear to influence how a person will play the game. However, how athletes play the game may also have an impact on their motives for participating in sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-determined motivation and sportsmanship orientations by using a longitudinal design, as well as recent theoretical approaches to sportsmanship (Vallerand, 1991, 1994) and motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991). Male adolescent elite hockey players (N = 77, mean age = 15.8) completed a questionnaire assessing both constructs 2 weeks into the hockey season (T1) and at the end of the regular season (T2), 5 months later. The results from cross-lag correlations suggested that, over time, self-determined motivation and sportsmanship orientations have a positive bidirectional relation, in which self-determined motivation has greater influence on sportsmanship. These results give further impetus to the need to consider motivation in future studies on sportsmanship.

scholarly journals P1214RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGE IN DIALYSATE CONDUCTIVITY AND INTRAPERITONEAL VOLUME DURING PET

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rosales Merlo ◽  
Fansan Zhu ◽  
Peter Kotanko
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Unanswered Question ◽  
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fluid Conductivity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Aims Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been widely applied to measure fluid volume in dialysis patients. A fundamentally important, yet unanswered question is how changes in fluid conductivity affects the accuracy of BIS measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the change in intraperitoneal volume (IPV) is – as hypothesized - linearly correlated with the change in dialysate conductivity during a peritoneal equilibrium test (PET). Method Four PD patients (age 58±13 years, three males, weight 87.8±28 kg) were studied during a standard PET. Segmental BIS was continuously measured with eight electrodes placed between rib and buttock on both sides of the body using a Hydra 4200 (Xitron Technologies Inc ). IPV was calculated based on BIS recordings as recently published (Zhu, Kidney Blood Press Res 2019;44:1465–1475). Dialysate samples were collected hourly from baseline to the end of dwell. Dialysate conductivity was measured with a portable conductivity meter (CDH-280-KIT, Omega Engineering Inc, CT, USA). Results In all patients dialysate conductivity increased significantly (p<0.0001) from baseline (11.14±0.15 mS/cm) to the end of dwell (12.5±0.58 mS/cm) (Fig a). In 2 patients (Fig b and c) IPV and conductivity were linearly correlated; in one patient (Fig d) the relationship was nonlinear and absent in another one (Fig e). Conclusion Although the number of patients in this study was small, the results clearly indicated that dialysate conductivity increased linearly over time during PET. The correlation between dialysate conductivity and IPV is not linear and may be driven by other factors, such as dialysate electrolyte levels. In future studies measurements of dialysate electrolytes are necessary to better understand the drivers of the IPV / conductivity relationship.

The Oxford Handbook of English Grammar

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This handbook provides an authoritative, critical survey of current research and knowledge in the grammar of the English language. Following an introduction from the editors, the volume’s expert contributors explore a range of core topics in English grammar, beginning with issues in grammar writing and methodology. Chapters in part II then examine the various theoretical approaches to grammar, such as cognitive, constructional, and generative approaches, followed by the chapters in part III, which comprehensively cover the different subdomains of grammar, including compounds, phrase structure, clause types, tense and aspect, and information structure. Part IV offers coverage of the relationship between grammar and other fields – lexis, phonology, meaning, and discourse – while the concluding part of the book investigates grammatical change over time, regional variation, and genre and literary variation.

Does Physical Activity Mediate the Association Between Perceived Neighborhood Aesthetics and Overweight/Obesity Among South African Adults Living in Selected Urban and Rural Communities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasmore Malambo ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Anniza De Villiers ◽  
Thandi Puoane
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Background: To investigate the mediation effects of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between the perceived neighborhood aesthetic environment and overweight/obesity in free-living South Africans. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 671 adults aged ≥ 35 years was analyzed. PA was assessed using the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Perceived neighborhood aesthetics was assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale Questionnaire. Results: Of 671 participants, 76.0% were women, 34.1% aged 45–54 years, and 69.2% were overweight or obese. In adjusted logistic regression models, overweight/obesity was significantly associated with neighborhood aesthetics [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–0.93] and PA (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90). In expanded multivariable models, overweight/obesity was associated with age 45–55 years (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05–2.40), female gender (OR = 6.24; 95% CI, 3.95–9.86), tertiary education (OR = 4.05; 95% CI, 1.19–13.86), and urban residence (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 1.66–3.65). Conclusion: Aesthetics was positively associated with PA; both aesthetics and PA were negatively associated with overweight and obesity. There was no evidence to support a significant mediating effect of PA on the relationship between aesthetics and overweight/obesity. Future studies should consider objective assessment of aesthetics and PA. In addition, future studies should consider using longitudinal design to evaluate food-related environments, which are related to overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Inmigración, deporte y escuela. Revisión del estado de la cuestión (Immigration, sport and school. A review of the state of the art)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Bastian Carter-Thuillier ◽  
Víctor Manuel López Pastor ◽  
Francisco Gallardo Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar y exponer la relación entre inmigración, deporte y escuela, examinando las posibilidades pedagógicas que ofrece la convergencia de estos tres elementos desde el escenario educativo formal. Para ello se desarrolla una discusión basada en diferentes antecedentes teóricos. La revisión ha sido llevada a cabo en diferentes bases de datos y fuentes de indización internacional: WOK, SCOPUS, ERIC, SCIELO, DIALNET, REDALYC, SPORTDISCUS y GOOGLE ACADÉMICO, además de libros especializados en campos próximos a la temática. La revisión indica que existen diferentes enfoques teóricos respecto a inmigración, deporte e interacción social, especialmente en lo relacionado con la inmigración y la integración social en la escuela. Se describen las ventajas y desventajas encontradas en la literatura sobre las prácticas deportivas como herramientas para la integración e inclusión social, así como para el desarrollo educativo. Precisamente en la relación entre deporte educativo e inmigración es donde encontramos la mayor cantidad de antecedentes teóricos y experiencias positivas al respecto. En las conclusiones se aportan algunas consideraciones finales sobre el tópico investigado, así como posibles implicaciones prácticas asociadas a procesos de intervención y prospectiva.Abstract. This paper aims to analyze and explain the relationship between immigration, sport, and school, by examining the educational possibilities offered by the convergence of these three elements within the formal educational setting. A discussion based on different theoretical background is carried out. The review has been performed through different databases and international indexing sources: WOK, SCOPUS, ERIC, SCIELO, DIALNET, REDALYC, ACADEMIC GOOGLE, SPORTDISCUS, and also in specialized books in the field. The review indicates the existence of different theoretical approaches related to immigration, sport, and social interaction, especially in relation with immigration and social integration in school. Furthermore, this research describes the advantages and disadvantages of sports practices as a tool for social integration and inclusion, as well as for educational development, as they were highlighted in the existent literature. The greatest amount of theoretical background and useful lessons were found precisely on the relationship between educational sport and immigration. In the conclusion some final remarks on the topic investigated are given, as well as practical implications associated with intervention processes and possible future studies.

Does Workload Moderate the Association Between Perfectionism and Workaholism?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Falco ◽  
Damiano Girardi ◽  
Laura Dal Corso ◽  
Alessandro De Carlo ◽  
Annamaria Di Sipio
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
High Workload ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. The aim of this study is to examine, with a longitudinal design, the moderating role of workload in the relationship between perfectionism and workaholism. It was hypothesized that self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) predict an increase in workaholism and that workload may exacerbate this association. Four hundred and thirty workers completed a self-report questionnaire at two different time points, and the hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling. Overall, SOP and SPP were not associated with workaholism over time. The interaction between SOP, but not SPP, and workload was significant. SOP predicted an increase in workaholism over time in workers facing high workload. Accordingly, SOP may be a risk factor for workaholism when workload is high.

scholarly journals Sensitization of the reinforcing value of high energy density foods is associated with increased zBMI gain in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Temple ◽  
Amanda M. Ziegler ◽  
Amanda K. Crandall ◽  
Tegan Mansouri ◽  
Lori Hatzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Reinforcing Value ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background/Objectives Characterizing behavioral phenotypes that predict increased zBMI gain during adolescence could identify novel intervention targets and prevent the development of obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine if sensitization of the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of high (HED) or low energy density (LED) foods predicts adolescent weight gain trajectories. A secondary aim was to test the hypothesis that relationships between sensitization of the RRV of food and weight change are moderated by delay discounting (DD). Subjects/Methods We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study in 201 boys and girls with an average zBMI of 0.4, who began the study between the ages of 12 and 14 years and completed the study 2 years later. Participants completed five laboratory visits where the RRV of HED and LED, and DD were assessed at a baseline (visits 1, 2, and 4) and then RRV was measured again after participants consumed a portion of the same HED and LED food for 2 weeks (visits 3 and 5; order counterbalanced). Increases (>1) in the RRV from baseline to post-daily intake were categorized as “sensitization” and decreases (≤1) were categorized as “satiation.” Participants returned to the laboratory for follow-up visits at 6, 15, and 24 months to have height and weight taken and to complete additional assessments. Results Sensitization to HED food was associated with a greater zBMI change over time (β = 0.0070; p = 0.035). There was no impact of sensitization to LED food or interaction between sensitization to HED and LED food on zBMI change and no moderation of DD on the relationship between HED sensitization and zBMI change (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Our prior work showed that sensitization to HED food is cross-sectionally associated with greater zBMI. This study extends this work by demonstrating that sensitization to HED food prospectively predicts increased zBMI gain over time in adolescents without obesity. Future studies should determine if sensitization can be modified or reduced through behavioral intervention. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04027608.

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Person-Job Fit and Work Engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon T. de Beer ◽  
Sebastiaan Rothmann ◽  
Karina Mostert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Although theorized and generally accepted, research on the relationship (specifically the direction of the causal relationship) between person-job fit and work engagement is limited and not yet clear. Theoretical arguments can be presented for both directions, but empirical evidence is scarce. The study reported here explored the bidirectional relationship between person-job fit and work engagement in a longitudinal design. A three-wave cross-lagged panel design was used in a sample of 382 participants from the financial, healthcare, and manufacturing industries in South Africa. The results of Bayesian informative hypothesis testing showed the most support for the hypothesis stating that work engagement is a stronger predictor of person-job fit over time. Conversely, the hypothesis that person-job fit is the predictor of work engagement over time received limited support.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on sustained attention: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 32864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawar Siti Hajar ◽  
Hussein Rizal ◽  
Garry Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Longitudinal Study Design ◽  
The Relationship

AIM: Physical activity is known for its benefits to improve cognitive functions such as sustained attention. The study aimed to conduct a systematic review on the effects of physical activity on sustained attention. METHODS: Literature search was conducted using databases from Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The date of these published articles ranged from January 2010 to August 2018. RESULTS: A total of thirteen studies using the longitudinal design was selected to be part of this review. Most studies showed positive relationships between physical activity and sustained attention. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies may consider a longitudinal study design to study the effect of physical activity on sustained attention in prolonged time; as well as the corresponding affect with gender, age, motivation and to investigate the relationship between physical activities together with other possible factors that can indirectly affect sustained attention.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

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