The Interactive Effects of Intensity and Direction of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence upon Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Catastrophe Models

This study examines intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms, and the interactive influence of anxiety subcomponents upon netball performance. Netball players (N = 45) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and a retrospective performance measure over a season, utilizing an intraindividual design. The modified CSAI-2 includes a direction scale assessing the facilitative or debilitative interpretation of the original intensity symptoms. Although the facilitative influence of anxiety upon performance did not emerge directly through the direction scale, a significant interaction emerged from the two-factor Cognitive Anxiety × Physiological Arousal quadrant analyses, suggesting that anxiety may enhance performance, as proposed by catastrophe model predictions. Findings also highlighted the importance of self-confidence for possible inclusion in higher order catastrophe models.

The Interactive Effects of Intensity and Direction of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence upon Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Catastrophe Models

This study examines intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms, and the interactive influence of anxiety subcomponents upon netball performance. Netball players (N = 45) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and a retrospective performance measure over a season, utilizing an intraindividual design. The modified CSAI-2 includes a direction scale assessing the facilitative or debilitative interpretation of the original intensity symptoms. Although the facilitative influence of anxiety upon performance did not emerge directly through the direction scale, a significant interaction emerged from the two-factor Cognitive Anxiety × Physiological Arousal quadrant analyses, suggesting that anxiety may enhance performance, as proposed by catastrophe model predictions. Findings also highlighted the importance of self-confidence for possible inclusion in higher order catastrophe models.

Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Stephen Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Median Split ◽  
And Performance

This paper examines Hardy’s (1990, 1996a) proposition that self-confidence might act as the bias factor in a butterfly catastrophe model of stress and performance. Male golfers (N = 8) participated in a golf tournament and reported their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence prior to their tee shot on each hole. All anxiety, self-confidence, and performance scores were standardized within participants in order to control for individual differences. The data were then collapsed across participants and categorized into a high self-confidence condition and a low self-confidence condition by means of a median split. A series of two-way (Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety) ANOVAs was conducted on each self-confidence condition in order to fag where the maximum Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety interaction effect size lay along the somatic anxiety axis. These ANOVAs revealed that the maximum interaction effect size between cognitive and somatic anxiety was at a higher level of somatic anxiety for the high self-confidence condition than for the low self-confidence condition, thus supporting the moderating role of self-confidence in a catastrophe model framework.

Antecedents Of, Temporal Changes In, and Relationships between CSAI-2 Subcomponents

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Linda Petlichkoff ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
And Performance

Two studies were conducted to examine antecedents of, relationships between, and temporal changes in the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and the self-confidence components of the Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1983) newly developed Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In addition, the prediction that cognitive and somatic anxiety should differentially influence performance was examined. In Study 1, 37 elite intercollegiate wrestlers were administered the CSAI-2 immediately before two different competitions, whereas in Study 2, 63 female high school volleyball players completed the CSAI-2 on five different occasions (1 week, 48 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 hrs, and 20 min) prior to a major tournament. The results were analyzed using multiple regression, multivariate multiple regression, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance, and general linear model trend analysis techniques. The findings supported the scale development work of Martens and his colleagues by verifying that the CSAI-2 assesses three separate components of state anxiety. A number of other important findings also emerged. First, the prediction was confirmed that somatic anxiety increases during the time leading to competition, while cognitive anxiety and confidence remain constant. Second, CSAI-2 subscales were found to have different antecedents, although the precise predictions of Martens and his colleagues were not supported. Third, the prediction that cognitive anxiety would be a more powerful predictor of performance than somatic anxiety was only partially supported. Fourth, the prediction that precompetitive anxiety differences between experienced and inexperienced athletes initially found by Fenz (1975) result from somatic anxiety changes was not supported. It was concluded that the CSAI-2 shows much promise as a multidimensional sport-specific state anxiety inventory, although more research is needed to determine how and why specific antecedent factors influence various CSAI-2 components and to examine the predicted relationships between CSAI-2 components and performance.

scholarly journals Antecedents of State Anxiety in Rugby

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Lane ◽  
Jody S. E. Rodger ◽  
Costas I. Karageorghis
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The purpose of this study was to extend research investigating the antecedents of multidimensional state anxiety into the sport of rugby. Participants ( N = 86; age: M = 23.7 yr., SD = 4.8 yr.) completed a 10-item Prematch Questionnaire developed to assess the antecedents of anxiety and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 1 hr. prior to competition. Factor analysis of intercorrelations of scores on the Prematch Questionnaire indicated that three factors accounted for 63.3% of the variance. These were labelled Perceived Readiness, Match Conditions, and Coach Influence. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that Perceived Readiness predicted rated Self-confidence and Somatic Anxiety. Game conditions also predicted Self-confidence. Collectively, these factors accounted for 30% of Self-confidence and 11% of Somatic Anxiety. No factor predicted Cognitive Anxiety. Findings support the notion that each sport has unique stressors and that researchers should seek sport-specific measures of the antecedents of anxiety.

Trait-State Anxiety, Worry, Emotionality, and Self-Confidence in Top-Level Soccer Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Man ◽  
Iva Stuchlíková ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cognitive Interference ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spielberger’s trait-state anxiety theory suggests that persons high in trait anxiety have a greater tendency to perceive an ego-involving situation as threatening, and hence, they are expected to respond to this situation with elevated state anxiety (A-state). To test this hypothesis measurements of A-trait (low vs. high) as a between-subjects factor, measurements of stress level (low vs. high) as a within-subjects factor, and measurements of state anxiety, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive interference as dependent variables were made on 45 top-level soccer players. Statistical analysis revealed a significant person-situation interaction only in self-confidence. The lack of sensitivity in the state anxiety scores can be ascribed to the fact that soccer players play important games regularly and so become desensitized to precompetitive anxiety responses. A subsequent multiple regression analysis showed that task irrelevant cognitions are correlated only with cognitive anxiety and not with either self-confidence or somatic anxiety.

scholarly journals Sports Pre-Competitive Anxiety Levels among Good and Poor Performing Intercollegiate Athletes

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Dr. Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Pre-competitive anxiety refers to the unpleasant emotional state of individuals. It is normal for every athlete to feel nervous before a sports competition. The pre-competitive anxiety levels in the current study examined three features i.e. somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety between the sample of poor and good performing athletes. The assessment has been made by using competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (CSAI-2), which is composed of 27 items distributed in equal three subscales of pre-competitive anxiety. The sample of the study was composed of 180 performers of different sports, into groups of 90 each good and poor performer whose ages were between 16 to 27 years. Data collected has been analyzed using a T-test. A significant difference has been found in all of the components of pre-competitive anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and somatic anxiety among good performers and poor performers.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Pre-competition and Post-competition State Anxiety Levels of Russian Women’s National Volleyball Team Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mustafa Önder Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Competition State ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Impact

This study of 14 Russian women’s national volleyball team athletes aimed to determine their pre-competition and post-competition state anxiety levels according to some variables. This descriptive study used the Competition State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) developed by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1990). This inventory has 9 items in 3 sub-factors: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence.A comparison of the pre-competition and post-competition anxiety levels found no statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p>0.05), somatic anxiety (p>0.05) and self-confidence (p>0.05). The highest pre-competition somatic anxiety score fell after the competition, while cognitive anxiety and self-confidence increased after the competition when it was low. There were no statistically significant differences in the athletes’ pre-competition and post-competition anxiety levels by age or income. Considering that success does not occur without a certain level of anxiety, coaches should consider the impact of psychological factors in technical and tactical training.

Perceived Threat as a Cognitive Component of State Anxiety and Confidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1092-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt L. Lox
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
State Responses

This study was designed to test propositions from the 1990 competitive anxiety model proposed by Martens, Vealey, and Burton. Specifically, the relationships among perceived threat and state responses of anxiety, confidence, and efficacy were examined to assess whether perceived threat might explain anxiety and confidence in 52 intercollegiate female volleyball players. Somatic anxiety was significantly correlated with perception of importance of both outcome and personal performance while uncertainty regarding personal performance was significantly related to cognitive anxiety. In addition, perceived threat was significantly related to state self-confidence and self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Ansiedad estado precompetitiva en judocas

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Montero Carretero ◽  
Juan A. Moreno-Murcia ◽  
Inmaculada González Ponce ◽  
Juan J. Pulido González ◽  
Eduardo M. Cervelló Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Performance Level

<p><strong><em>Aim</em></strong><strong>:</strong> The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in Spanish judokas, and calculate differences in pre-competitive state anxiety due the sport level, age and gender. We analyze these relationships using a multidimensional anxiety perspective.</p><p><strong><em>Method: </em></strong>A sample of 128 judokas from amateur to high performance level participated in our study. The intensity and directional somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self confidence of the CSAI-2 were measured.</p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The results show that the questionnaire administered showed acceptable psychometric properties, and there are differences in directional somatic and cognitive anxiety for age, and in intensity self confidence for sport level. The implications of these findings for the process of training and competition are discussed in the document.

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