Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis—A Critique

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Betsy Becker
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Quadrant Analysis ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Catastrophe Models ◽  
Made In

The current paper criticizes the concept, research methodology, data analyses, and validity of the conclusions made in Hardy, Woodman, and Carrington’s (2004) article published in this journal. In their repeated-measures analysis of data from the performances of 7 golfers, they did not examine changes in performance scores on successive holes. Instead, Hardy et al. used several ANOVA models to examine how performance varied with respect to somatic and cognitive anxiety level and self-confidence interaction. By doing so, their findings produced effects which we argue to be conceptually and empirically limited. We also address problems associated with dichotomization of continuous variables, measurement errors when splitting data, eradication of random significant effects, cell sizes in segmental quadrant analysis, and correlation between somatic and cognitive anxiety. We believe these difficulties prevent any reliable conclusions and/or generalizations from being made.

The Interactive Effects of Intensity and Direction of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence upon Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Catastrophe Models

This study examines intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms, and the interactive influence of anxiety subcomponents upon netball performance. Netball players (N = 45) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and a retrospective performance measure over a season, utilizing an intraindividual design. The modified CSAI-2 includes a direction scale assessing the facilitative or debilitative interpretation of the original intensity symptoms. Although the facilitative influence of anxiety upon performance did not emerge directly through the direction scale, a significant interaction emerged from the two-factor Cognitive Anxiety × Physiological Arousal quadrant analyses, suggesting that anxiety may enhance performance, as proposed by catastrophe model predictions. Findings also highlighted the importance of self-confidence for possible inclusion in higher order catastrophe models.

SDF-1 and VEGF-C as potential circulating angiogenic biomarkers for bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 480-480
Author(s):  
Mitsukuni Suenaga ◽  
Satoshi Matsusaka ◽  
Eiji Shinozaki ◽  
Mariko Ogura ◽  
Masato Ozaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

480 Background: Bevacizumab (BV) plus chemotherapy (chemo) has been shown to improve survival for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is known as a ligand for CXCR-4. We previously reported that proportion of CXCR4-positive circulating endothelial cells at baseline was correlated with the prognosis of BV plus chemo (Matsusaka, et al. Cancer. 2011). The aim of this study was to investigate changes during treatment in serum candidate cytokines including SDF-1 as potential markers of treatment response to BV. Methods: Patients receiving first-line BV plus chemo with mCRC were enrolled in this prospective study. Serum samples were analyzed before initiation of treatment and during treatment (on days 14 and 56) and at the time of progressive disease. Correlation between tumor response and changes in serum levels of the cytokines (such as VEGF, SDF-1, Ang-1 and -2, etc.) were investigated. Differences in the means of continuous measurements were tested by the Student’s t test. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences between sequential continuous variables. Results: 24 were enrolled at the first interim analysis. 14 patients were assessable; some who got conversion surgery or discontinued treatment due to toxicity in early were excluded. Tumor response was achieved in 57% of the patients. SDF-1 levels at baseline (p=0.045) and on days 14 (p=0.049) were significantly lower in tumor responder, while a trend toward higher on days 56 compared to non-responder. The results of a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance to evaluate differences between sequential continuous variables showed significant differences in VEGF-C (p=0.043) and SDF-1 (p=0.02), influenced by tumor response. Serum levels of SDF-1 trended toward increase on days 14 and decrease on days 56, whilst VEGF-C trended toward decrease on days 14 and 56. Conclusions: Changes Serum levels of SDF-1 and VEGF-C showed correlation with tumor response to BV plus chemo, suggesting that these surrogate markers may represent anti-angiogenic condition for BV treatment. This study is currently ongoing, and further analysis will be performed in more population.

Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Stephen Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Median Split ◽  
And Performance

This paper examines Hardy’s (1990, 1996a) proposition that self-confidence might act as the bias factor in a butterfly catastrophe model of stress and performance. Male golfers (N = 8) participated in a golf tournament and reported their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence prior to their tee shot on each hole. All anxiety, self-confidence, and performance scores were standardized within participants in order to control for individual differences. The data were then collapsed across participants and categorized into a high self-confidence condition and a low self-confidence condition by means of a median split. A series of two-way (Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety) ANOVAs was conducted on each self-confidence condition in order to fag where the maximum Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety interaction effect size lay along the somatic anxiety axis. These ANOVAs revealed that the maximum interaction effect size between cognitive and somatic anxiety was at a higher level of somatic anxiety for the high self-confidence condition than for the low self-confidence condition, thus supporting the moderating role of self-confidence in a catastrophe model framework.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SMP

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansyur Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Assessment For Learning ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Stages

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan cara mengembangkan model assessment for learning pada pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan model Hopkins & Clark. Subjek uji coba adalah 20 orang guru matematika dan 199 orang siswa kelas VII SMPN 13 dan SMPN 27 Makasar. Analisis data dilakukan dua tahap dan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Ujicoba model AfL meng-gunakan repeated measures analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model assessment for learning yang dikembangkan memiliki lima karakteristik utama. pembelajaran lebih memberikan rasa keadilan bagi semua siswa, dan cocok diterapkan untuk semua mata pelajaran. Beberapa temuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) informasi yang diperoleh melalui penggunaan Model-AfL akurat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan nyata siswa dan (2) penerapan Model-AfL dalam pembelajaran matematika me-ningkatkan motivasi, kepercayaan diri, kesadaran diri siswa, perilaku siswa selama pembelajaran, dan kemampuan siswa terhadap matematika; dan (3) kemajuan belajar siswa ditampil-kan melalui profil individu dan profil kelas. Kata kunci: asesmen, asesmen formatif, assessment for learning, pendidikan matematika, pembelajaran______________________________________________________________ DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASSESSMENT-FOR-LEARNING MODEL IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Abstract This study aimed to develop an assessment-for-learning (AfL) model in mathematics learning. This was a research and development study using the Hopkins & Clark model. The tryout subjects consisted of 20 mathematics teachers and 199 Year VII students of SMPN 13 and SMPN 27 Makasar. The data were analyzed in two stages by means of quantitative and qualitative techniques. The tryout of the AfL model used a repeated measures analysis. The results show that the developed AfL model has five main characteristics. The model provides all students with fairness and is appropriate for all subjects. Some research findings show that: (1) information obtained through the application of the AfL model is accurate and relevant to the students’ real needs; (2) the application of the AfL model in mathematics learning improves students’ motivation, self-confidence, self-awareness, behaviors during the learning process, and competence in mathematics; and (3) students’ learning progress is presented through the individual and class profiles. Keywords: assessment, formative assessment, assessment for learning, mathematics education, and learning

scholarly journals Reliability of the 505 Change-of-Direction Test in Netball Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia R. Barber ◽  
Christopher Thomas ◽  
Paul A. Jones ◽  
John J. McMahon ◽  
Paul Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Purpose:To determine the reliability of the 505 change-of-direction (COD) test performed with both a stationary and a flying start.Methods:Fifty-two female netball players (age 23.9 ± 5.4 y, height 169.9 ± 3.3 cm, body mass 65.2 ± 4.6 kg) performed 6 trials of the 505 COD test, 3 with a flying start and 3 with a stationary start, once per week over a 4-wk period to determine within- and between-sessions reliability.Results:Testing revealed high within-session reliability for the stationary start (ICC = .96–.97) and for the flying start (ICC = .90–.97). Similarly, both the stationary start (ICC = .965) and the flying start (ICC = .951) demonstrated high reliability between sessions, although repeated-measures analysis of variance (P < .001) revealed learning effects between sessions for both tests. Performances stabilized on day 2 for the static start and on day 3 for the flying start.Conclusions:The 505 COD test is a reliable test in female netball players, with either a stationary or flying start. Smallest detectable differences of 3.91% and 3.97% for the stationary start and the flying start, respectively, allow practitioners to interpret whether changes in time taken to complete the 505 COD test reflect genuine improvements in performance or are measurement errors. It is suggested that 1 d of familiarization testing be performed for the stationary start and 2 d of familiarization for the flying start, to minimize learning effects.

The Effects of Imagery-Manipulated Appraisal on Intensity and Direction of Competitive Anxiety

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Hale ◽  
Adam Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Challenge Appraisal

This study attempted to manipulate an athlete’s facilitative or debilitative appraisal (direction; Jones, 1995) of competitive anxiety through imagery-based interventions in order to study the effects on subsequent anxiety intensity (heart rate and CSAI-2) and direction (CSAI-2D; Jones & Swain, 1992). In a within-subjects’ design, 24 experienced soccer players were relaxed via progressive relaxation audiotape and then randomly underwent an imagery-based video- and audiotaped manipulation of their appraisal of taking a hypothetical gamewinning penalty kick under either a “pressure” or “challenge” appraisal emphasis. There was no significant effect for heart rate. A repeated measures MANOVA for CSAI-2 and CSAI-2D scores revealed that for both intensity and direction scores the challenge condition produced less cognitive anxiety, less somatic anxiety, and more self-confidence (all p < .001) than the pressure situation. This finding suggests that a challenge appraisal manipulation taught by applied sport psychologists might benefit athletes’ performance.

The Interactive Effects of Intensity and Direction of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence upon Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Catastrophe Models

This study examines intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms, and the interactive influence of anxiety subcomponents upon netball performance. Netball players (N = 45) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and a retrospective performance measure over a season, utilizing an intraindividual design. The modified CSAI-2 includes a direction scale assessing the facilitative or debilitative interpretation of the original intensity symptoms. Although the facilitative influence of anxiety upon performance did not emerge directly through the direction scale, a significant interaction emerged from the two-factor Cognitive Anxiety × Physiological Arousal quadrant analyses, suggesting that anxiety may enhance performance, as proposed by catastrophe model predictions. Findings also highlighted the importance of self-confidence for possible inclusion in higher order catastrophe models.

Efektivitas Comprehensive Breastfeeding Education terhadap Keberhasilan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Postpartum

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nurbaeti ◽  
Kustati Budi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) masih merupakan masalah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi baru lahir. Dukungan agar ibu menyusui bayi merupakan hal penting dalam menginisiasi dan mempertahankan pemberian ASI. Strategi dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas comprehensive breastfeeding education terhadap keberhasilan pemberian (ASI) pada periode postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen one group pre post test repeated measured design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 ibu dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Oktober 2013 di Puskesmas wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sebelum intervensi, 3 hari setelah intervensi (post1), dan 10 hari setelah intervensi (post 2). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI berdasar pada parameter pengetahuan, langkah menyusui, perlekatan bayi, dan kecukupan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan general linear model repeated measureANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya signifikansi comprehensive breastfeeding education (p=0.001). Rata-rata keberhasilan pemberian ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi meningkat. Sebesar 93,9% intervensi memengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan. Rata-rata sebelum intervensi 56,74 (SD 5,92), post 1 sebesar 60,83 (SD 6,38) dan post2 sebesar 74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariabel yang memiliki efek secara signifikan setelah intervensi adalah pengetahuan (p=0.001) dan langkah menyusui (p=0.001), sedangkan subvariabel perlekatan bayi (p=0.061) dan kecukupan ASI (p=0.162) tidak secara signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pelaksanaanbreastfeeding education disarankan pada ibu agar dapat melakukan posisi perlekatan bayi yang benar sehingga dapat mengurangi masalah-masalah berkaitan dengan perlekatan yang tidak sesuai seperti puting perih, lecet atau berdarah, dan bayi kurang puas dalam menyusu yang bisa mengakibatkan gagalnya program ASI ekslusif.Kata kunci:Menyusui, pendidikan, perlekatan, postpartum AbstractBreastfeeding have still been problem for adequate newborn nutrition. Adequate breastfeeding support is essential for mothers to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices. A strategic needed to support successful breastfeeding. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness comprehensive breastfeeding education on successful breastfeeding at postpartum periods. A quasi-experimental one group pretest, post test, repeated mesaured was used. This study was conducted at public health in Tangerang Selatan municipality in September–October 2013 among 22 postpartum mothers, convenience sampling methods. Intervention was done 30 minute. Data were collected before intervention (pretest), third day after intervention (post 1) and tenth day after intervention (repeated/post 2) using four parameter, that are knowledge, breastfeeding steps, proper lacth-on and adequate breastmilk. Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p=0.001) in the overall Successful breastfeeding mean. Around 93,9% the effectiveness of intervention influence on successful. The mean before intervention is 56,74 (SD 5,92), increased at post 1:60,83 (SD 6,38) and post 2:74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariable which has effect significantly after intervention is knowledge (p=0.001) and breastfeeding steps (p=0.001), in contrary, proper latch-on (p=0,061) and adequate breastmilk (p=0.162) have no significant effect after intervention. Suggestion to support breastfeeding education and counselling proper latch-on adequately that can decrease the problem such as painful, creaks or bloody putting.Key words: Breastfeeding, education, latch-on, postpartum

scholarly journals Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
W. Guy Hornsby ◽  
Abigail L. Tice ◽  
Jason D. Stone ◽  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
Joshua Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Division I ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Division 1

The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons for four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 baseball players. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, revealing significant univariate effects of time for peak force (PF) (p = 0.003) and peak force allometrically scaled (PFa) (p = 0.002). Increases in PF were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.031) and season 3 (p = 0.004), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.232). Additionally, increases in PFa were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.010) and season 3 (p < 0.001), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.052). Home runs per game rose from the 2009 (0.32) to 2010 season (1.35) and dropped during the 2011 season (1.07). A unique aspect of the study involves 2010 being the season in which ball-bat coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) bats were introduced to the NCAA competition.

Effects of riparian forest thinning by two types of mechanical harvest on stream fish and habitat in northern Minnesota

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel A. Hemstad ◽  
Eric C. Merten ◽  
Raymond M. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
North Central ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Stream System ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Wide Scale

The response of fish communities and stream habitat to four riparian harvest treatments was studied in north-central Minnesota to determine if riparian harvest with two different harvest systems degrades stream systems. Treatments included control (no harvest), riparian control, cut-to-length riparian thin, and tree length riparian thin. Fish and habitat data were collected from 50 m reaches above, within, and downstream of each treatment 1 year preharvest (1997) and 3 years postharvest (1998–2000). Repeated measures analysis revealed few effects due to treatment; however, there was a 6%–10% significant reduction in canopy cover. Percent fine sediments increased significantly (15%) system-wide following forest harvest and persisted through 2000. This increase in fine sediments was correlated with a decrease in fish biotic integrity (r = –0.31). Habitat and fish variables were influenced more by year-to-year variation than by harvest treatment, suggesting that factors operating at a broader basin-wide scale may influence fish and habitat or mask any site-level harvest effects in this low-gradient stream system. Residual riparian basal areas ≥12.3m2/ha along reaches ≤200 m in length may be adequate to protect fish and habitat in these low-gradient streams, but basin-wide effects of harvest deserve more scrutiny.

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