Analysis of Starter/Nonstarter Motor-Skill Engagement and Coaching Behaviors in Collegiate Women’s Volleyball

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Lacy ◽  
Donna L. Martin

The purpose of this study was to examine starter/nonstarter motor-skill engagement (MSE) and coaching behaviors in different segments of preseason practices in collegiate women’s volleyball. The subjects were players and coaches of eight volleyball teams. Segments of the practice were defined and coded as a warm-up, skill work, scrimmage, or conditioning. Duration recording procedures were used to collect MSE data of starters and nonstarters. Coaching behaviors were coded with interval recording procedures (5-second observe, 1-second code) using an expanded version of the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI). A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant differences in MSE between starters and nonstarters across the segments of the practice sessions. Results of this study offer a starting point for future research on player behaviors in the athletic environment and add to the data base of completed research on coaching behaviors.

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Howard Z. ZENG ◽  
Raymond W. LEUNG ◽  
Wei BIAN ◽  
Wenhao LIU

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. This study examined the differences in coaching behaviors between individual sports (ISs) and team sports (TSs). Participants were head-coaches of ten varsity teams from a college in the USA. Twenty practice sessions (two practices per coach) were videotaped and the Arizona State University Observation Instrument was used for data collection. A 2 x 2 MANOVA (sports x observations) revealed that significant differences in five coaching behaviors between the two types of sports. Specifically, ISs coaches demonstrated significantly greater (p < .05) rate per minute (RPM) than did TSs coaches in Preinstruction (M = 1.41 ± .12 vs. .73 ± .13), Questioning (M = .55 ± .11vs. .29 ± .31), and Praise (M = .84 ± .37 vs. .36 ± .38). TSs coaches demonstrated significantly greater (p < .05) RPM than did ISs coaches in Postinstruction (M = 1.28 ± .18 vs. .56 ± .06) and Hustle (M = .89 ± .12 vs. .13 ± .06). No significant differences (p > .05) were identified in Concurrent Instruction, Positive Modeling, Negative Modeling, Scold, and Management behaviors between the coaches. In conclusion, the coaches from the ISs and TSs employed different coaching behaviors that reflected the features of their specific sports. 本研究檢驗了大學生代表隊個人與團隊運動教練行為之間的差異。研究對象為位於美國東部一所大學的10支運動代表隊的主教練。研究者在他們進行正常訓練時對10名教練員的教練行為進行了錄像記錄 (總共錄了20堂訓練課,每名教練員兩堂)。資料採用亞里桑納州立大學系統觀測儀收集。通過2x2多元方差分析檢驗,在 個人與團隊運動之間有五種教練行為顯出明顯差異 (p<.05)。具體如下:個人運動教練比團隊運動教練使用了明顯多的訓練前指導 (M=1.41±.12 vs. .73士.13),訓練中提問 (M=.55±.ll vs. .29士.31)和表揚(M=.84±.37 vs..36±.38);團隊運動教練比個人運動教練使用了明顯多的訓練後指導 (M=1.28±.18 vs. .56士.06)和訓練中催促 (M=.89±.12 vs. .13士.06)。然而,個人與團隊運動的教練在使用訓練中指導正或負面示範叱責和組織/管理等教練行為時沒有明顯差異 (p>.05)。結論:個人與團隊運動項目的教練使用了不同的教練行為而這些教練 行為反映了他們所教運動項目的特點。


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Becker ◽  
Craig A. Wrisberg

The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the practice behaviors of Pat Summitt, the winningest collegiate basketball coach in NCAA Division I history. Throughout the 2004–05 season, Summitt’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors were video recorded during six practices. A total of 3,296 behaviors were observed and coded using the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (Lacy & Darst, 1984). Results indicated that 55% (n = 1810) of Summitt’s behaviors were directed toward the team, whereas 45% (n = 1,486) were directed toward individual players. The most frequent behavior was instruction (48%, n = 1,586) followed by praise (14.5%, n = 478) and hustle (10.7%, n = 351). Contrary to predictions, no differences were found in the quantity or quality of the coaching behaviors that Summitt directed toward high and low expectancy players.


1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Claxton

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze systematically the coaching behaviors of more and less successful high school boys’ tennis coaches during practice sessions. The Arizona State University Observation Instrument, consisting of 14 behavior categories, was used to compile data on nine coaches (five judged as more successful and four judged less successful, based on win records). Time sampled event recording was used to collect the data, with each coach being observed during preseason/early season, midseason, and late season for a total of three observations per coach. Analysis of the data showed that the more successful coaches asked a significantly greater number of questions of their players than did the less successful coaches. The tennis coaches demonstrated more instructional behaviors than any other behavior but spent more intervals in the Other category than in any other behavioral category. Other, Management, and Silence accounted for almost 75% of all intervals.


2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Albert CRUZ

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of the study was to examine the coaching behaviours and philosophy of four high performance secondary school basketball coaches during their in-season practice sessions. A mixed-method approach was used to identify the coaching behaviours used by the four coaches in the practice environment and to generate an insight into the rationales that underpinned their use. They were videotaped and observed coaching four practice sessions with their own teams. The videotaped sessions were coded using the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI) (Lacy & Darst, 1984). Data generated by the ASUOI provided information of the percentages of coaching behavioral categories of the coaches. The four coaches were interviewed after their practice sessions. Qualitative data were collected through field observations and interviews. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Data analyzing attempted to provide explanations and rationales for their coaching behaviours and philosophy in the practice sessions. Findings of the study helped to provide a more holistic understanding of the coaching behaviours and philosophy of high performance basketball coaches. This information is invaluable and significant in the training and advancement of both apprentice and veteran coach in basketball as well as other sports areas. 本研究目的是探究四位出色表現中學籃球教練在賽季訓練時的教練行為及哲學理念。研究方法是採用混合模式去識別教練行為及其背後理念。教練被錄影及觀察四節球隊訓練課。訓練課利用ASUOI觀察系統分析教練行為及提供行為百分比資料。四位教練於訓練課後接受訪談。以持續比較法分析歸納訪談及觀察數據說明教練行為及哲學理念原因。研究結果協助全面理解教練行為及哲學理念。此等資料對於培訓新手及經驗籃球教練及其他運動教練圽為重要。


2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Comyns ◽  
Ian Kenny ◽  
Gerard Scales

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a low-load gluteal warm-up protocol on countermovement and squat jump performance. Research by Crow et al. (2012) found that a low-load gluteal warm-up could be effective in enhancing peak power output during a countermovement jump. Eleven subjects performed countermovement and squat jumps before and after the gluteal warm-up protocol. Both jumps were examined in separate testing sessions and performed 30 seconds, and 2, 4, 6 & 8 minutes post warm-up. Height jumped and peak ground reaction force were the dependent variables examined in both jumps, with 6 additional variables related to fast force production being examined in the squat jump only. All jumps were performed on a force platform (AMTI OR6-5). Repeated measures analysis of variance found a number of significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between baseline and post warm-up scores. Height jumped decreased significantly in both jumps at all rest intervals excluding 8 minutes. Improvement was seen in 7 of the 8 recorded SJ variables at the 8 minute interval. Five of these improvements were deemed statistically significant, namely time to peak GRF (43.0%), and time to the maximum rate of force development (65.7%) significantly decreased, while starting strength (63.4%), change of force in first 100 ms of contraction (49.1%) and speed strength (43.6%) significantly increased. The results indicate that a gluteal warm-up can enhance force production in squat jumps performed after 8 minutes recovery. Future research in this area should include additional warm-up intervention groups for comparative reasons.


2019 ◽  
pp. 089719001988524
Author(s):  
Johanna Svensk ◽  
Scott E. McIntyre

Background: Data indicate there are tens of thousands of self-administered medication errors each year in the United States alone. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether information embedded in Quick Response (QR) codes could reduce self-administered medication errors compared to current medication labeling among older and younger age groups. Methods: Two population samples (Arizona State University undergraduates and senior citizens over 70; n = 55) were recruited for participation. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one with access to QR code-based information (graphic and text) and a second group with only bottle label information. Participants were allowed 30 minutes to answer 17 scenario-based questions about administering their medications. Results: Statistically significant main effects of more correct answers when using QR code than current bottle labeling, F 1, 51 = 181.57, P < .001, η2 = 0.78, and for younger adults compared to older, F 1, 51 = 24.4, P < .001, η2 = 0.33. Conclusion: The study supports the use of QR code technology to increase patient safety of self-administered medications in both older and younger age groups. Future research is needed to address the technological and usability aspects of implementation (eg, phone app, voice, graphic, and text presentation).


Author(s):  
G. G. Hembree ◽  
Luo Chuan Hong ◽  
P.A. Bennett ◽  
J.A. Venables

A new field emission scanning transmission electron microscope has been constructed for the NSF HREM facility at Arizona State University. The microscope is to be used for studies of surfaces, and incorporates several surface-related features, including provision for analysis of secondary and Auger electrons; these electrons are collected through the objective lens from either side of the sample, using the parallelizing action of the magnetic field. This collimates all the low energy electrons, which spiral in the high magnetic field. Given an initial field Bi∼1T, and a final (parallelizing) field Bf∼0.01T, all electrons emerge into a cone of semi-angle θf≤6°. The main practical problem in the way of using this well collimated beam of low energy (0-2keV) electrons is that it is travelling along the path of the (100keV) probing electron beam. To collect and analyze them, they must be deflected off the beam path with minimal effect on the probe position.


Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
M. Louail ◽  
S. Prat

The standard ASUDAS scoring system (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System) is used to assess dental morphological variations in modern humans. It is also frequently used to study, score, and compare morphological variations in fossil hominin taxa and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. However, using ASUDAS in studies of this type is under debate because it is based on modern Homo sapiens populations and does not appear to cover all variations observed in fossil Plio-Pleistocene homi- nins. Our observations and coding of 178 dentals casts of Plio-Pleistocene specimens based on ASUDAS and from the literature have confirmed the need to adapt the standard system to fossil hominins. In this initial study, we propose that the scoring procedures for some morphological characters need to be readjusted, while others could be standardized following the ASUDAS system.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4e) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Andoni Garritz ◽  
Andrés Raviolo

<span>La investigación en torno a las concepciones alternativas (Wandersee, Mintzes, y Novak, 1994; Arizona State University, 2001; Flores, 2002) constituye una de las principales y fecundas líneas de investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias que ha contribuido, en buena medida, a su surgimiento y consolidación como disciplina o campo de conocimiento (Gil, 1994; Adúriz-Bravo e Izquierdo, 2002). La Didáctica de la Química forma parte de esta ciencia.</span>


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