Vicarious Success Experience as a Factor Influencing Self-Confidence, Attitudes, and Physical Activity of Adult Women

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Corbin ◽  
David R. Laurie ◽  
Candice Gruger ◽  
Betty Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Activity Involvement ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Success Experience ◽  
And Control

Recent research indicates that females are particularly likely to lack confidence in their abilities to perform physical activities. One theory of instruction suggests a need for educational support for developing competence, self-confidence, and persistence in physical activities. Vicarious success in the form of audiovisual presentations is suggested as one method of educational support which may be effective in enhancing confidence, particularly among females. Thirty-nine adult women participating in an exercise class were studied to determine if vicarious success presented via audiovisuals was effective in altering self-confidence, commitment to physical activity, and physical activity involvement. A discriminant function analysis indicated a significant difference between treatment and control groups on a profile of improved confidence/attitude/activity involvement, with the treatment group showing a more positive profile. Vicarious success experiences enhanced self-confidence, and there was a trend toward greater persistence in activity among those experiencing vicarious success through audiovisual presentations.

Children’s Attitudes Toward Physical Activity in Classes Taught by Specialist versus Nonspecialist P.E. Teachers

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Patterson ◽  
Nell Faucette
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children's Attitudes ◽  
And Control

The purpose of the study was to determine if there were differences in attitudes toward physical activity for children in classes taught by specialists versus those taught by nonspecialists. Fourth- and fifth-grade children (N = 414) from four schools participated in the study. Two schools had P.E. specialists teaching the P.E. classes while the other two schools had classroom teachers teaching the classes. Attitudes were assessed by employing the Children’s Attitude Toward Physical Activity (CATPA) inventory (Simon & Smoll, 1974). Although discriminant function analysis resulted in a significant difference between the attitudes of both groups of children, only 57.48% of the cases were correctly classified. These results suggest that teachers play a minimal role in children’s attitudes toward physical activity. It was recommended that additional studies be conducted that examine and control for multiple factors influencing attitude formation.

scholarly journals Using a smartphone video camera to reduce anxiety in speaking activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Nur Asma
Keyword(s):  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relevant Factors

The common problems faced by students in English speaking are anxiety and the lack of confidence and ideas. This research was conducted to determine the relevant factors and to provide a solution by using the smartphone video camera. To obtain the data in this research, experimental research was performed inside and outside the classroom with a series of treatments and a questionnaire sheet as the instrument. The data were analyzed using a model proposed by Smeda, Dakich, and Sharda (2014) and a Likert scale questionnaire, which was adapted from Spratt, Humphreys, and Chan (2002). The result from the test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes as the carried t-test presented the score of -8.36, which was out of the limit (between -1.96 and 1.96). Another result was the students developed positively which was shown by: the anxiety tends to decrease as they were given time before performing thus prepared better, their self-confidence was increased and challenged by using the smartphone video camera method due to the application of innovation in the speaking class. The conclusion of this research is lecturer needs to apply new methods, one of which is using a smartphone application.

Investigating the Effect of Positive, Intermediate and Negative Enabling and Training Factors Affecting Physical Activity in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Kianfard ◽  
Farkhonde Amin SHokravi ◽  
Sakineh Rakhshanderou ◽  
Shamsaddin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundPhysical activity during pregnancy period is one of the issues with priority during pregnancy period. Researches show that women reduce their physical activity during this period and are unaware of the benefits on the health of the mother and embryology. Although researchers regarding physical activity during pregnancy have prepared many guidelines; it is not however clear why pregnant women do not perform physical activity and the effectiveness factors that facilitate the desired behavior. MethodsThe research population included all pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years with gestational age of 12-38 weeks referring to the healthcare centers in District 5 of Tehran Municipality, from 22 districts of the city who had eliminated their physical activity during pregnancy. Questionnaires of physical activity assessment questionnaire after educational intervention in pregnant women (PPAQ) and a questionnaire designed based on the results of the needs assessment and the dimensions of the PEN-3 model were used for assessment. This study is a Research Clinical Trial (RCT). Due to the nature, a quasi-experimental research design (pre-test, post-test) with the control group was used in this research. ResultsBased on the obtained results, the intervention based on E-learning has a significant effect of enabling factors to increase physical activity in pregnant women in the experimental group. In addition, the intervention based on E-learning has a significant effect on the training factors in order to increase physical activity in pregnant women in the experimental group. ConclusionBased on the research results, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from training factors in the pretest and the experimental group. Furthermore, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from the enabling factors in the pre-test and the experimental group.

Physical activity and cognitive impairment among the elderly in some districts of Ha Nam province in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Hai Van ◽  
Dao Anh Son ◽  
Pham Quang Thai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference

The study was conducted on 1,210 elderly people (aged 60 and older) with the purpose of understanding physical activity and cognitive impairment among elderly people in some districts of Ha Nam province in 2018. The results showed that the percentage of elderly people with symptoms of cognitive impairment was high, accounting for 46.36%. There was a significant difference between the rate of cognitive impairment of the group who exercised frequently (41.92%) and that of the group who did not exercise (51.62%) (p<0.05). Compared to the Non-exercise group, the risks of cognitive impairment of group exercise 15 - 45 minutes/week (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51 - 0.93); group exercise 45 - 90 minute/week group (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.84) and group exercise Over 90 minutes/week (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.27 - 0.67) were all significantly lower. The more time the research subjects exercise, the lower their risk of developing cognitive impairment became. Our finding suggests that physical activities may delay or prevent the onset of cognitive impairment in elderly people. It is necessary to expand research, continue to apply the cognitive screening test based on international standards, while guiding and encouraging elderly people to carry out physical activities according to their capabilities and international recommendations.

The Influence of Physical Activity on Arterial Pressure during Ambulatory Recordings in Man

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Rowlands ◽  
T. J. Stallard ◽  
R. D. S. Watson ◽  
W. A. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy

1. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were made over a 48 h period on six hypertensive patients. The conditions of study were standardized, particularly with regard to physical activity, and during one period of each day the patients were randomly allocated to be active or inactive. 2. Results show that blood pressure was highest during physical activity and lowest during sleep. There was no significant difference between the arterial pressures measured during the same physical activities carried out at the same time each day. However, during the same time on consecutive days when activity was randomized, there was a significant difference between the pressure recordings during physical activity compared with those during inactivity. Heart rate changes showed a similar trend during the randomized period. 3. Physical activity and sleep have a profound effect on continuous arterial blood pressure recordings and these are independent of time alone. These observations should be taken into account when using this ambulatory system to assess hypotensive therapy.

scholarly journals Make a Move Intervention to Reduce Childhood Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Nerud ◽  
Haifa (Abou). Samra
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

Guided by the social cognitive theory, this randomized controlled trial tested the “Make a Move,” a provider-led intervention for Head Start parents aimed to produce changes in the outcomes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of physical activity and healthy eating. Participants were parents of children ages 3–5 years enrolled in a Head Start program. Participants completed a 57-item questionnaire at baseline and postintervention. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in scores on knowledge of healthy eating ( z = 1.99, p = .05), attitude of physical activity ( z = 2.71, p < .01), and behavior of physical activity ( z = 2.03, p = .04). Ten participants (77%) completed all four intervention sessions. This study provided new insights into the relationship of a provider-led intervention with respect to knowledge, attitude, and behaviors in healthy eating and physical activity.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in the Elderly with Fall Experience Over the Past Year: Results from Amirkola Health and Ageing Project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Safarpour ◽  
Seyed Reza Hosseini ◽  
Akbar Fotouhi ◽  
Hojjat Zeraati ◽  
Masume Mohamadzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
Physical Activity Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

Background and purpose: Nowadays, immobility is known to be the fourth risk factor for mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between fall experience over the previous year and levels of physical activity in the elderly.Materials and Methods: The study was performed with 1616 participants of 60≤ years. The relationship between physical activities in the elderly with age, sex, educational level, body mass index, comorbidities, and fall experience over the previous year was evaluated. Physical activity in the elderly was evaluated using the physical activity scale for the elderly.Results: In the multiple regression model, the age (β: -1.6, 95% CI:  -2.0- -1.1), sex, female (β: 11.0, 95% CI: 4.3-17.6), and comorbidities (β: -6.8, 95% CI: -13.5 - -0.1) had a significant relationship with the physical activity score. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between the score of physical activity and both groups with and without the experience of fall over the previous year (β: 0.09, 95% CI: -8.0 - 8.2).Conclusion: Increasing age with comorbidity resulted in a decrease in the average physical activity score in the studied elderly population. However, the experience of fall had no relationship with it. Providing the conditions alongside the training required to carry out physical activities, especially in the elderly people with the disease, was suggested.

scholarly journals PROPENSITY FOR FALLS IN ELDERLY FEMALE AND MALE PRACTITIONERS AND NON- PRACTITIONERS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Élcio Alves Guimarães ◽  
Cristina de Matos Boaventura ◽  
Maria Paula Pereira Andrade ◽  
Nayara Ribeiro Graciano ◽  
Bárbara Vilela Franco Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Fall

Background: Aging being a natural physiological process can present both physical and psychic changes, due to the conditions of life of the person, and can be influencers for the installation of chronic non-communicable diseases, which may predispose this subject to an episode of fall. Objectives: To compare the propensity to fall in the elderly male and female, practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activities. Methods: The sample consisted of 120 elderly people of both genders practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity and were used the “Timed Up and Go” and “Functional Reach” tests. Results: Among non-practitioners of physical activity, significant differences were observed between the values of functionality, being that the male group presented higher values than the female group, i.e., men move more, therefore has the lowest risk of fall. Conclusion: It was concluded that the female practitioners of physical activity have a greater risk of suffering an episode of fall compared to the non-practitioners, and in relation to the men practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity there was no significant difference, showing that the elderly women have a higher risk to fall compared to the elderly men.

Youth Motivation and Participation in Sport and Physical Activity

2012 ◽  
pp. 519-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen R. Weiss ◽  
Anthony J. Amorose ◽  
Lindsay E. Kipp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Activity Involvement ◽  
The Many ◽  
Achievement Contexts ◽  
Activity Domain ◽  
Physical Activity Domain

Sports and physical activities are ubiquitous achievement contexts for children and adolescents worldwide. Motivation to initiate, continue, and sustain physical activity involvement is important for ensuring positive developmental and healthy outcomes. In this chapter we synthesize and consolidate theory-driven knowledge about determinants and outcomes of youth motivation and participation in sport and physical activity. First, we discuss relevant theoretical frameworks for understanding youth motivation in the physical activity domain. Second, we review empirical research on social-contextual factors and individual differences related to youths’ desire to continue physical activity and opportunities for accruing the many benefits from such participation. Finally, based on our review of literature, we offer several avenues for future research that address gaps in the knowledge base about mechanisms of influence on youths’ motivation and participation in physical activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Assisted Exercise on Musculoskeletal System and Growth in Preterm Infants

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Awad ◽  
M M Elganzoury ◽  
S S Emam ◽  
G I Gad ◽  
R A H Elfarrash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Activity Programs ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background osteopenia of prematurity, also known as bone metabolic disorder, is one of the common diseases in very low birth weight (VLBW) prematurity. Aim of the Work the primary aim of this study was to assess whether physical activity programs in preterm infants improve bone mineralization as well as growth and reduce the risk of fractures. The secondary aim was to include other potential benefits in terms of length of hospital stay, weaning from mechanical ventilation, feeding tolerance and adverse events. Patients and Methods this study was conducted on 36 neonate, Preterm infants (gestational age &lt;33 completed weeks), body size appropriate for gestational age according to the growth curve, Postnatal age of ≥ 1 week with medically stable condition and favorable evolution that is presenting no associated diseases besides prematurity, tolerating enteral feeds of preterm formula at or above 100 kcal/kg/d. Methods the studied neonates were randomized into the physical exercise (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups. Randomization was made by birth order. The studied neonates were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical assessment together with complete blood picture, C-reactive protein, serum Ca, Serum phosphorous concentration, Serum magnesium concentration. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentration, Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Urinary calcium/phosphorous ratio. Babies admitted to NICU bathed, placed in incubator, attached to monitor. Infants in treatment and control groups received well defined interventions for the exercise group, systematic physical activity programs consisting of range-of-motion exercises with gentle compression, extension and flexion of all joints of both bilateral upper extremities; including the shoulder, elbow, and wrist and lower extremities; including the hip, knee and ankle, with a total of 12 joints Each activity was about 10 min a day and was carried out 5 times per week for 4 weeks. This program was started after 1 week of birth. Physical activity continued until discharge from hospital. Results the study demonstrated non significant difference in weight at enrollment (p = 0.516) which was turned into significant difference at end of the study as being higher among exercise group (p &lt; 0.001). In our study although there was increase in the length and head circumference (p &lt; 0.001) in the 2 groups no significant difference detected comparing them together. The control group had significantly lower serum phosphorus (p &lt; 0.001), higher urinary Ca/Po4 ratio (p &lt; 0.035) and higher ALP (p &lt; 0.005) compared to excerise group at the end of the exercising protocol. Conclusion our study has demonstrated that regular physical activity programs (range-of-motion exercises), after an initial period of stabilization, might provide a simple intervention for improving musculoskeletal system and skeletal growth in preterm infants. They may also promote general growth in preterm infants.

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