Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship Between Fitness, Fatness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Children and Adolescents: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Cézane Priscila Reuter ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
João Francisco de Castro Silveira ◽  
Letícia de Borba Schneiders ◽  
Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
School Students ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Purpose: To verify the reciprocal longitudinal relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), percentage body fat (%body fat), and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian primary school students. Method: This longitudinal study involved 420 children and adolescents followed for 3 years (2011–2014). The continuous Metabolic Syndrome (cMetSyn) score was calculated by summing adjusted z scores of glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and waist circumference. The CRF was assessed using running/walking tests, and %body fat was assessed through sex-specific 2-site skinfold thickness. Cross-lagged panel models were used to analyze longitudinal reciprocal relationships between CRF and %body fat with cMetSyn. Results: Results indicated that 2011 %body fat significantly predicted both 2014 CRF scores and 2014 cMetSyn scores (P < .001); however, 2011 CRF only predicted 2014 %body fat (P < .001) but not 2014 cMetSyn (P = .103). Furthermore, 2011 cMetSyn predicted 2014 %body fat (P = .002). The model explained 36%, 48%, and 37% of the variance in 2014 CRF, %body fat, and cMetSyn, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest a reciprocal inverse relationship between %body fat and metabolic syndrome risk and that %body fat may play a more important role in the risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared with CRF.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

scholarly journals Investigating The Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome Among High School Students in Taipei and The Optimal Cutoff Points of Relevant Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Chia Chiu Lin ◽  
Mei-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High School Students ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
School Students ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Cutoff Points

Abstract Background: The effects of different definitions for metabolic syndrome (MetS) on its prevalence were examined, and the differences in the discriminatory power, as well as the optimal cutoff points of relevant risk factors, were analyzed in this study. Methods: 45,756 health checkup data sets from 2011 to 2014 of high school students aged between 15 to 17 years were sourced in Taipei city. The database included the students’ gender, age, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as biochemical markers such as triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose (FG) levels. The ROC curve statistical approach was used to analyze the discriminatory power and optimal cutoff points of the relevant MetS risk factors. Results: The prevalence of MetS among adolescents in Taipei was 2.3% and 1.2%, according to the criteria of the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) respectively. The prevalence increased to 4.3% when this study’s criteria were used. Among the components of MetS analyzed, WC and TG had stronger discriminatory powers, while FG had the weakest. The optimal cutoff point for WC was approximately the 90 th percentile, while that for the TG was similar to the criteria of the modified NCEP ATP III. About 44.6% of adolescents had at least one MetS component. Body mass index also had good discriminatory power. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS differs depending on the diagnostic criteria used. Redefining the cutoff points for the components of MetS in adolescents in different regions, as well as further screening and intervention, are crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.

scholarly journals Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Mumm ◽  
Anna Reimann ◽  
Christiane Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

Predictive value of percentage body fat in aging people with low muscle mass: A 2.2-year longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jie Zhang ◽  
Shi-Hui Fu ◽  
Jing-Xin Wang ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Qiang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Aging People
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