Effects of Formal Structure on Managerial Recruitment: Comparisons of Japanese and North American Professional Baseball Clubs

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Loy ◽  
James E. Curtis ◽  
James M. Hillen
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The North ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

This paper replicates Grusky’s (1963) study of the playing position-leadership recruitment relationship among North American professional baseball clubs in a different cultural context, comparing it to Japanese professional base-ball organizations over a 40-year period. Overall, the Japanese results are consistent with the North American findings, with the more central or high interaction positions contributing more leaders or field managers. However, the relationship is considerably weaker for the sport in Japan. There were also significant cross-cultural differences in the consequences of players having held the positions of pitcher and catcher. Alternative interpretations of the results are offered, and the implications of the results for choices of appropriate research strategies are presented.

scholarly journals Empathy And Professional Burnout Of Russian And Belarusian Teachers

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Medvedskaya ◽  
E.V. Sheryagina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the results of a cross-cultural study of empathy and professional burnout of Belarusian and Russian teachers. Interpersonal Reactivity Index by M. Davis (IRI) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used. The absence of statistically significant differences in the level of empathy and burnout of teachers in a cross-cultural context was shown. Socio-economic features of the functioning of the two countries’ educational systems can explain non-significant trends of the cross-cultural differences in the severity of burnout symptoms. Both in the Russian and Belarusian sample the relationship between emotional exhaustion as a symptom of burnout and personal distress as a “negative” empathic phenomenon was found. Significant correlations between the severity of burnout and “positive” empathic phenomena (perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern) have not been found. This paper was prepared with the financial support of joint project “Development of empathy in socionomic professions” by Russian Foundation for Humanities (grant No.15-26-01007) and Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (grant No. G15R-028).

Two Gambling Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mail Order ◽  
Foreign Brides ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

This narrative aims to explore the meaning and lived experiences of marriage that a unique immigrant population—“foreign brides” in Taiwan—possesses. This convergence narrative illustrates the dynamics and complexity of mail-order marriage and women's perseverance in a cross-cultural context. The relationship between marriage, race, and migration is analyzed. This narrative is comprised of and intertwined by two story lines. One is the story of two “foreign brides” in Taiwan. The other is my story about my cross-cultural relationship. All the dialogues are generated by 25 interviews of “foreign brides” in Taiwan and my personal experience.

scholarly journals A Risk-Based Approach to Assess the Operational Resilience of Transmission Grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4761
Author(s):  
Milorad Papic ◽  
Svetlana Ekisheva ◽  
Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
North American ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
The North ◽  
System Components ◽  
Bulk Power ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Modern risk analysis studies of the power system increasingly rely on big datasets, either synthesized, simulated, or real utility data. Particularly in the transmission system, outage events have a strong influence on the reliability, resilience, and security of the overall energy delivery infrastructure. In this paper we analyze historical outage data for transmission system components and discuss the implications of nearby overlapping outages with respect to resilience of the power system. We carry out a risk-based assessment using North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Transmission Availability Data System (TADS) for the North American bulk power system (BPS). We found that the quantification of nearby unscheduled outage clusters would improve the response times for operators to readjust the system and provide better resilience still under the standard definition of N-1 security. Finally, we propose future steps to investigate the relationship between clusters of outages and their electrical proximity, in order to improve operator actions in the operation horizon.

scholarly journals The effects of geographic range size and abundance on extinction during a time of “sluggish”’ evolution

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Casey ◽  
Erin E. Saupe ◽  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Range Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Habitat Tracking

Abstract Geographic range size and abundance are important determinants of extinction risk in fossil and extant taxa. However, the relationship between these variables and extinction risk has not been tested extensively during evolutionarily “quiescent” times of low extinction and speciation in the fossil record. Here we examine the influence of geographic range size and abundance on extinction risk during the late Paleozoic (Mississippian–Permian), a time of “sluggish” evolution when global rates of origination and extinction were roughly half those of other Paleozoic intervals. Analyses used spatiotemporal occurrences for 164 brachiopod species from the North American midcontinent. We found abundance to be a better predictor of extinction risk than measures of geographic range size. Moreover, species exhibited reductions in abundance before their extinction but did not display contractions in geographic range size. The weak relationship between geographic range size and extinction in this time and place may reflect the relative preponderance of larger-ranged taxa combined with the physiographic conditions of the region that allowed for easy habitat tracking that dampened both extinction and speciation. These conditions led to a prolonged period (19–25 Myr) during which standard macroevolutionary rules did not apply.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation of the "International affective picture system" (IAPS) on a sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Drace ◽  
Emir Efendic ◽  
Mirna Kusturica ◽  
Lamija Landzo
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
North American ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Ratings ◽  
The North ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Normative Ratings

In this study the normative ratings of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS, Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention [CSEA], 1995) were compared with the ratings from a Bosnian sample. Seventy-two psychology undergraduates from the University of Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) rated valence, dominance and arousal for a stratified sample of 60 pictures that was selected from the IAPS. Reliability coefficients indicate that the self-report ratings are internally consistent. The affective ratings from our sample correlated strongly with the North American ratings at: .95, .81 and .91, respectively for valence, arousal and dominance. Consistent with expectations, mean valence and dominance ratings did not differ significantly between the Bosnian and North American sample. Furthermore, plotting of the Bosnian valence and arousal ratings results in a similar boomerang shaped distribution as the North American affective ratings. Taken together, findings obtained from the Bosnian sample confirm the cross-cultural validity of the IAPS.

scholarly journals The role of subnational cultural value on animosity: the China-South Korea THAAD crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeoung Yul Lee ◽  
Joong In Kim ◽  
Alfredo Jiménez ◽  
Alessandro Biraglia
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study examines the impact of situational and stable animosities on quality evaluation and purchase intention while also testing the moderating effects of within- and cross-country cultural distance. It focuses on the case of the US THAAD missile defense system deployment in South Korea (hereafter, Korea) and investigates how the resulting Chinese consumers' animosity affects their quality evaluation of, and purchase intention toward, Korean cosmetics.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes a quantitative approach based on a survey and structural equation modeling. The sample comprises 376 Chinese consumers from 19 Chinese regions.FindingsThe results indicate that both stable and situational animosities are negatively associated with purchase intention toward Korean cosmetics. However, their effects on quality evaluation are different. While stable animosity is negatively related to product quality evaluation, situational animosity has no such negative association. Finally, the cultural distance between Chinese regions and Korea strengthens the negative relationship between stable and situational animosities and purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes by better unraveling the effects of stable and situational animosities on perceived product quality. The empirical context is unique because it allows the authors to investigate the relationship between Chinese antagonism toward the THAAD deployment in Korea and Chinese consumers' stable and situational animosities in terms of their quality evaluation of, and purchase intention toward, imported Korean cosmetics. Hence, this study contributes to the literature on consumer animosity by empirically testing the moderating effect of within- and cross-country cultural distance on the relationship between stable and situational animosities and purchase intention.Practical implicationsThe study has relevant practical implications, notably for Korean exporters' marketing management and within- and cross-cultural management. The results suggest that countermeasures are needed because Chinese consumers' stable and situational animosities are negatively related to their purchase intention toward Korean cosmetics. Moreover, the findings provide the insight that when foreign firms export culture-sensitive products to a large, multicultural country, their managers should pay attention to within- and cross-cultural differences simultaneously.Originality/valuePrevious studies have shown that the effects of animosity on product evaluation and purchase intention differ depending on the animosity dimension, product type, country and the situation causing animosity, among others. However, the existing literature on animosity has neglected the reality that within-cultural differences in a single large emerging market are relevant to explaining the concept of animosity and its effect on the purchase intention toward culture-sensitive products. Furthermore, none of the animosity studies have touched on the important moderating role of within- and cross-cultural differences between a large and multicultural importing country and a brand's home country in this manner. Therefore, the study fills this gap by empirically examining whether different moderating effects of stable and situational animosities exist for a specific conflict situation caused by a military issue and investigates the causes of these different effects.

Overcoming cross-cultural differences in post-war Sri Lanka: the case of Jetwing in Jaffna

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Vipula Wanigasekera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Cross-cultural differences must be taken into consideration for tourism development. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the importance of cross-cultural differences in a location which is emerging from a dark period after a prolonged war caused by ethnic differences. Design/methodology/approach While the existing tourism models deal with the impact of cross-cultural differences, it is difficult to apply them in certain situations, such as postwar Sri Lanka. The study therefore adopted an inductive, qualitative approach where information has been obtained from all stakeholders. Findings The conflict in Sri Lanka in the North and East has been interpreted differently by many individual stakeholder groups. This study reveals how economic development can bring communities together. The project elaborated in this study represents an investment of over US$6m. Given that the location of Jaffna was a focal point of the 26-year long civil war from 1983 to 2009, the risk of failure would have been extremely high. Originality/value The study ascertained qualitative perceptions from a cross-section of perspectives: the investor, local residents and employees. The project is shown to be a viable example of how to address socio cultural differences in the creation of a profitable venture.

Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera)

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (S10) ◽  
pp. 5-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Rae MacKay
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe late-instar larvae of about 185 species of the North American Olethreutidae are described and most of them illustrated. Included in these are many pests, such as Grapholitha molesta, Carpocapsa pomonella, and Spilonota ocellana on fruit trees, Paralobesia viteana on grapes, Ancylis comptana fragariae on strawberries, Laspeyresia nigricana in pea pods, Laspeyresia caryana in hickory and pecan nuts, Taniva albolineana in spruce needles, and species of Rhyacionia and Petrova on pines. Keys to species groups and to individual species are provided. Of the diagnostic and specialized characters listed, the most useful include the setae, the spinneret, and the shape of the larva, especially of its head and anal shield. The main characters are given for the postulated ancestral larva and for the highly developed larva. Most of the species groups are arranged according to the suggested phylogenetic relationship of their larvae, emphasizing the necessity of a revision of the family. Larvae of some genera previously difficult to classify, such as Pseudogalleria and Hystricophora, indicate the relationship of those genera to other groups; conversely, lack of relationship is clearly shown in other instances, e.g., between Carpocapsa pomonella and Carpocapsa saltitans, and between the two species Epiblema culminana and E. suffusana and other members of the genus Epiblema.

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