Effects of Selected Mental Practice on Performance, Self-Efficacy, and Competition Confidence of Figure Skaters

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Garza ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Practice Group ◽  
Self Confidence

This study examined the effectiveness of mental practice techniques for improving figure skating performance, self-efficacy, and self-confidence for competition. Two interventions, paper freestyle drawing (PFD) and walk through on floor (WTF), were compared to a stretching control group. Participants (n = 27), ages 10 to 18 years, were members of the United States Figure Skating Association and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The study included procedural reliability checks such as pre- and post-manipulation checks; structured seminars; and homework workbooks. Results indicated that the two mental practice groups significantly improved their performance ratings in jumps and spins, and their competition confidence compared to the stretching control group. Results also indicated that the WTF mental practice group increased their spinning self-efficacy beliefs compared to the PFD mental practice treatment and the stretching control group.

scholarly journals Structured Antenatal Milk Expression Education for Nulliparous Pregnant People: Results of a Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial in The United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Demirci ◽  
Melissa Glasser ◽  
Katherine P Himes ◽  
Susan M Sereika
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Lactation Consultant

Abstract Background Hand-expression, collection, and storage of breast milk during pregnancy (i.e., antenatal milk expression or AME) is a safe, potentially effective practice to reduce early, undesired formula supplementation among women with diabetes. The feasibility and potential benefits of AME in the United States (U.S.) and among non-diabetic birthing people is unknown. Methods The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of a structured AME intervention and its relationship to lactation outcomes among nulliparous birthing people in the United States. We recruited a convenience sample of 45 low-risk, nulliparous individuals at 34–366/7 weeks of gestation from a hospital-based midwife practice. Participants were randomized to AME or a control group receiving breastfeeding handouts. Interventions were delivered at weekly visits at 37–40 weeks of pregnancy. The AME intervention involved technique demonstration and feedback from a lactation consultant and daily independent practice. Lactation outcomes were assessed during the postpartum hospitalization, 1–2 weeks postpartum, and 3–4 months postpartum. Results Of 22 participants assigned to AME, 18 received an AME education study visit. Participants reported practicing AME on 60% or more of days prior to their infant’s birth. Most were able to express milk antenatally (15/18), more than half collected and froze antenatal milk (11/18), and 39% (7/18) supplemented their infants with antenatal milk after birth. No major problems were reported with AME. Perinatal and lactation outcomes, including infant gestational age at birth, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, and any or exclusive breastfeeding, appeared to be comparable between AME and control groups. There were trends toward higher breastfeeding self-efficacy and lower perceptions of insufficient milk postpartum among AME participants compared to control group participants, though AME participants exhibited higher breastfeeding self-efficacy and more favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding at baseline. Conclusions In a group of nulliparous birthing people in the U.S., AME education and independent practice beginning at 37 weeks of pregnancy was feasible and safe. In some cases, AME provided a back-up supply of breast milk when supplementation of direct breastfeeding was indicated or desired. The relationship between AME and lactation outcomes requires further study within a powered sample and other populations. Trial Registration: This trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on May 11, 2021 under the following registration ID: NCT04929301. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04929301

A Comparison of Mental Practice Techniques as Applied to the Developing Competitive Figure Skater

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figure Skater ◽  
Patch Technique ◽  
Patch Group

This study investigated the influence of two distinct mental practice techniques on figure skating performance. Twelve prenovice and novice level competitive figure skaters each performed two figures which were assessed as a pretreatment measure. In Phase 1 the subjects were assigned to one of three groups: Martin self-talk technique, paper patch technique, or a notreatment control group. Following a 4-week period of using the assigned technique, a second performance assessment revealed no significant differences between the Martin group and the control group, while the paper patch group showed significant improvements over both. In Phase 2 a multiple-comparison-across-subjects design was used. A third assessment was completed after an additional 4-week period which demonstrated that a significantly greater number of skaters using the paper patch technique improved in performance. This study reveals the importance of investigating the efficacies of different types of mental practice when applied to specific sporting or performance activities.

Mental health recovery and its correlates: Perspectives from 2 countries (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Recovery ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses ◽  
Promote Mental Health

BACKGROUND Many people are affected by mental health conditions, yet its prevalence in certain populations are not well documented. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the attributes of people with mental health conditions in U.S and SG in terms of: perception of mental health recovery and its correlates such as strengths self-efficacy, resourcefulness and stigma experience. With the findings, not only could the knowledge base for mental health recovery in both countries be enhanced but interventions and policies relating to self-efficacy, resourcefulness and de-stigmatization for mental health recovery could be informed. METHODS A A cross-sectional, descriptive study with convenience sample of 200 community dwelling adults were selected, 100 pax from the United States (U.S) and 100 pax from Singapore (SG). Adults with serious mental illnesses without substance abuse impacting on their recovery were recruited. Participants completed self-administered questionaires measuring their mental health recovery, strengths self-efficacy, resourcefulness and stigma experience. RESULTS This study offered the unique opportunity to examine mental health recovery as well as its correlates such as strengths self-efficacy, resourcefulness and stigma experience from both the United States and Singapore. While the perception of mental health recovery and positive attributes like strengths self-efficacy and resourcefulness remained strong in participants with serious mental illnesses across both countries, people with serious mental illnesses in both countries still experienced negative perception like stigma. The findings would not only inform strategies to promote mental health recovery but also enhance the focus on correlates such as strengths self-efficacy and resourcefulness across both countries. CONCLUSIONS The findings would not only inform strategies to promote mental health recovery but also enhance the focus on correlates such as strengths self-efficacy and resourcefulness across both countries.

scholarly journals Protective Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Permethrin Impregnated Clothing Against Tick Bites in an Endemic Lyme Disease Setting: A Randomized Control Trial Among Outdoor Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538
Author(s):  
Cedar Mitchell ◽  
Megan Dyer ◽  
Feng-Chang Lin ◽  
Natalie Bowman ◽  
Thomas Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Abstract Tick-borne diseases are a growing threat to public health in the United States, especially among outdoor workers who experience high occupational exposure to ticks. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing has demonstrated high initial protection against bites from blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), in laboratory settings, and sustained protection against bites from the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in field tests. However, long-lasting permethrin impregnation of clothing has not been field tested among outdoor workers who are frequently exposed to blacklegged ticks. We conducted a 2-yr randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial among 82 outdoor workers in Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts. Participants in the treatment arm wore factory-impregnated permethrin clothing, and the control group wore sham-treated clothing. Outdoor working hours, tick encounters, and bites were recorded weekly to assess protective effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated garments. Factory-impregnated clothing significantly reduced tick bites by 65% in the first study year and by 50% in the second year for a 2-yr protective effect of 58%. No significant difference in other tick bite prevention method utilization occurred between treatment and control groups, and no treatment-related adverse outcomes were reported. Factory permethrin impregnation of clothing is safe and effective for the prevention of tick bites among outdoor workers whose primary exposure is to blacklegged ticks in the northeastern United States.

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC MENISCAL ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0004
Author(s):  
Haley E. Smith ◽  
Madeline M. Lyons ◽  
Neeraj M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Database ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Allograft Transplantation ◽  
Meniscal Allograft ◽  
Children’S Hospitals

Background: Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) is an option to slow the progression of degenerative disease in the setting of substantial meniscal deficiency. This may be especially important in children and adolescents, but there is little literature on MAT in this population. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of MAT in the pediatric population, with specific attention to regional and demographic trends. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System, a national database consisting of 49 children’s hospitals, was queried for all patients undergoing MAT between 2011 and 2018. Demographic information was collected for each subject as well as data regarding previous and subsequent surgeries. The database was also queried for all meniscus surgeries (including repairs and meniscectomies) performed during the study period. Demographic and geographic data from this control group were compared to that of children undergoing MAT. Univariate analysis was followed by purposeful entry multivariate regression to adjust for confounding factors. Results: A total of 27,168 meniscus surgeries were performed in 47 hospitals, with MAT performed 67 times in 17 hospitals. Twelve patients (18%) underwent a subsequent procedure after transplantation. In multivariate analysis, each year of increasing age resulted in 1.1 times higher odds of having undergone MAT rather than repair or meniscectomy (95% CI 1.03-1.1, p=0.002). Patients that underwent transplantation had 2.0 times higher odds of being female (95% CI 1.2-3.3, p=0.01) and 2.0 times higher odds of being commercially insured (95% CI 1.1-3.6, p=0.02). MAT was performed most frequently in the Northeast (4.9/1000 meniscus surgeries) and least often in the South (1.1/1000 meniscus surgeries, p<0.001). Furthermore, transplantation was more likely to be performed in larger cities. The median pediatric population of cities in which MAT was performed was 983,268 (range 157,253-3,138,870) compared to 662,290 (range 4,420-4,311,500) in cities where it was not (p=0.04). Conclusion: In the United States, patients that underwent MAT were older, more likely to be female, and have commercial insurance than those undergoing meniscus repair or meniscectomy. MAT was only done in 17/47 children’s hospitals that perform meniscus surgery and was most frequently performed in the Northeast and in larger cities. These trends highlight the need for further research, especially regarding differences along the lines of sex and insurance status.

Health Care-Related Economic Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United States: Pregnancy-Related and Long-Term Health Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Riestenberg ◽  
Anika Jagasia ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
Richard P Buyalos ◽  
Ricardo Azziz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women, affecting approximately 5-20% of women of reproductive age. A previous estimate noted that the economic burden of PCOS approximates $3.7 billion annually in 2020 USD when considering only the costs of the initial diagnosis and of reproductive endocrine morbidities, not considering the costs of pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities. Objective To estimate the excess prevalence and economic burden of pregnancy-related and long-term health morbidities attributable to PCOS. Data Sources PubMed, EmBase and Cochrane Library. Study Selection Studies in which the diagnosis of PCOS was consistent with the Rotterdam, National Institutes of Health (NIH), or Androgen Excess & PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society criteria, or that used electronic medical record diagnosis codes, or diagnosis based on histopathologic sampling were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included an outcome of interest and a control group of non-PCOS patients who were matched or controlled for body mass index (BMI) were included. Data Extraction Two investigators working independently extracted data on study characteristics and outcomes. Data Synthesis Data was pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The I 2statistic was used to assess inter-study heterogeneity. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results The additional total healthcare-related economic burden due to pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities associated with PCOS in the United States is estimated to be $4.3 billion annually in 2020 USD. Conclusions Together with our prior analysis, the economic burden of PCOS is estimated at $8 billion annually in 2020 USD.

scholarly journals I am smart, therefore I can: examining the relationship between IQ and self-efficacy across cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diomaris E.S. Jurecska ◽  
Chloe E. Lee ◽  
Kelly B.T. Chang ◽  
Elizabeth Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between intelligence (IQ) and self-efficacy in children and adolescents living in the United States and Nicaragua. The sample consisted of 90 (46 male, 44 female) students (mean age=11.57 years, SD=3.0 years) referred by school administrators and faculty. United States (US) participants (n=27) resided in rural counties in the Northwest. The other group consisted of 63 students from Central America. A comparison between groups revealed that in the US, sample higher grades and IQ scores are typically associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. However in the Nicaraguan sample, both IQ scores and grades were not associated with self-efficacy, although age was correlated with self-efficacy. Results suggest that the construct of self-efficacy might change depending on whether one belongs to an individualistic or collectivistic society. Additionally, the effects of socioeconomic factors might influence perceived ability even more than intellectual abilities.

scholarly journals Exploring Higher Rates of Breastfeeding Among Civilian Military Wives: A Mixed Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ringo ◽  
Sheila M. Gephart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Military Wives ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: As compared to the United States general postpartum population, civilian military wives encounter unique challenges that can impede their ability to breastfeed, including geographic replacement and physical and emotional challenges. Yet despite these challenges, civilian military wives demonstrate higher rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States postpartum population as a whole. The purpose of this study was to explore factors contributing to the high rate of breastfeeding initiation and duration among civilian military wives and to determine what might be learned from these factors for intervention design for the broader population of postpartum mothers. Methods: The sample consisted of 28 civilian military wives whose ages ranged from 18-45. The study was conducted online using a concurrent mixed-methods design. Results: Seven main themes with 16 subthemes emerged from the descriptions of the semi-structured interviews. The results of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form score was 55.2 (SD = 5.73). The results of the integrative analysis revealed that factors within the military environment influence a sense of community, thus supporting their breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE). Additionally, supportive and pro-breastfeeding healthcare facilitators (especially lactation consultants) throughout the prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods described by civilian military wives were associated with high levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy among civilian military wives. Moreover, high levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy related to breastfeeding skills and duration were associated with the accessibility of resources within the military environment, breastfeeding health and economic benefits, and setting of a breastfeeding goal. Conclusions: Using a concurrent mixed-methods design, this study identified facilitators from the descriptions of civilian military wives that they believed promote their higher rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation, quantified their high level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, and identified descriptive factors that contributed to both areas lacking in the literature among this population.

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