A Comparison of Mental Practice Techniques as Applied to the Developing Competitive Figure Skater

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figure Skater ◽  
Patch Technique ◽  
Patch Group

This study investigated the influence of two distinct mental practice techniques on figure skating performance. Twelve prenovice and novice level competitive figure skaters each performed two figures which were assessed as a pretreatment measure. In Phase 1 the subjects were assigned to one of three groups: Martin self-talk technique, paper patch technique, or a notreatment control group. Following a 4-week period of using the assigned technique, a second performance assessment revealed no significant differences between the Martin group and the control group, while the paper patch group showed significant improvements over both. In Phase 2 a multiple-comparison-across-subjects design was used. A third assessment was completed after an additional 4-week period which demonstrated that a significantly greater number of skaters using the paper patch technique improved in performance. This study reveals the importance of investigating the efficacies of different types of mental practice when applied to specific sporting or performance activities.

Effects of Selected Mental Practice on Performance, Self-Efficacy, and Competition Confidence of Figure Skaters

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Garza ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Practice Group ◽  
Self Confidence

This study examined the effectiveness of mental practice techniques for improving figure skating performance, self-efficacy, and self-confidence for competition. Two interventions, paper freestyle drawing (PFD) and walk through on floor (WTF), were compared to a stretching control group. Participants (n = 27), ages 10 to 18 years, were members of the United States Figure Skating Association and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The study included procedural reliability checks such as pre- and post-manipulation checks; structured seminars; and homework workbooks. Results indicated that the two mental practice groups significantly improved their performance ratings in jumps and spins, and their competition confidence compared to the stretching control group. Results also indicated that the WTF mental practice group increased their spinning self-efficacy beliefs compared to the PFD mental practice treatment and the stretching control group.

Self-Talk in a Basketball-Shooting Task

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Theodorakis ◽  
Stiliani Chroni ◽  
Kostas Laparidis ◽  
Vagelis Bebetsos ◽  
Irini Douma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
Sports Sciences ◽  
Basketball Shooting

This study examined the effectiveness of two different types of self-talk on the performance of a basketball-shooting task. 60 physical education and sports sciences students were organized into one control and two treatment groups which used self-talk. During the experiment, the control group performed with the general instructions, whereas the self-talk groups used the cue-words “relax” and “fast,” respectively. Analysis showed that only the participants of the self-talk group who used the word “relax” improved their performance significantly as compared to the other two groups. It appears that self-talk can positively affect performance if its content is appropriate for the task performed.

Single-Subject Evaluation of a Self-Talk Package for Improving Figure Skating Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Ming ◽  
Garry L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Self Talk

A self-talk package was used to improve performance of compulsory figures by prenovice- and novice-level figure skaters. The study included ongoing objective behavioral assessment across practices of the figure skating performance as well as the extent to which the skaters actually utilized the self-talk. A multi-element design with multiple baseline replications across 4 participants demonstrated that improvements were due to the treatment. Self-report follow-up at 1 year indicated that the participants continued to utilize the selftalk during practices and that they believed that it enhanced their test and/or competitive performance. The results support the view that planned self-talk can aid skill acquisition. Results are conceptualized in terms of rule-governed control over behavior, which may provide a useful framework for enabling sport psychologists to increase the efficacy of self-talk interventions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Types of Internal Curing Liquid on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yong Wang ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Lim ◽  
Yi Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study shows the effect of different types of internal curing liquid on the properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar. NaOH solution and deionized water were used as the liquid internal curing agents and zeolite sand was the internal curing agent that replaced the standard sand at 15% and 30%, respectively. Experiments on the mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, autogenous shrinkage (AS), internal temperature, internal relative humidity, surface electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and setting time were performed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the setting times of AAS mortars with internal curing by water were longer than those of internal curing by NaOH solution. (2) NaOH solution more effectively reduces the AS of AAS mortars than water when used as an internal curing liquid. (3) The cumulative heat of the AAS mortar when using water for internal curing is substantially reduced compared to the control group. (4) For the AAS mortars with NaOH solution as an internal curing liquid, compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength results are increased. However, a decrease in compressive strength values occurs when water is used as an internal curing liquid in the AAS mortar. (5) The UPV decreases as the content of zeolite sand that replaces the standard sand increases. (6) When internal curing is carried out with water as the internal curing liquid, the surface resistivity values of the AAS mortar are higher than when the alkali solution is used as the internal curing liquid. To sum up, both NaOH and deionized water are effective as internal curing liquids, but the NaOH solution shows a better performance in terms of reducing shrinkage and improving mechanical properties than deionized water.

Safety evaluation of an antimalarial herbal product from Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01) in healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Arijanto Jonosewojo ◽  
Hilkatul Ilmi ◽  
Lidya Tumewu ◽  
Ario Imandiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Random Blood Glucose ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Andrographis paniculata tablets (AS201-01) have previously been shown to have potent bioactivity as an antimalarial and to produce no unwanted side effects in animal models. Here, we present the phase 1 clinical trial conducted to evaluate the safety of AS201-01 tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blind controlled cross-over, a placebo-controlled design consisting of a 4-day treatment of AS201-01 tablets. A total of 30 healthy human volunteers (16 males and 14 females) were divided into two groups, and each group was given 4 tablets, twice daily for 4 days. Group 1 received AS201-01, while group 2 received placebo tablets. Volunteers were given a physical examination before the treatment. The effects of AS201-01 on random blood glucose, biochemical, and hematological as well as urine profiles were investigated. Results There were no changes in observed parameters as a result of AS201-01 being administered. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the test and control group regarding hematology profile, biochemical profile, and random blood glucose. Increased appetite and better sleep, which categorized as grade 1 adverse event was reported after treatment with AS201-01 tablet Conclusions The outcome supports our previous observation that the AS201-01 tablet, given twice a day for 4 days, is safe and nontoxic.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4242-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽  
Raquel B Araujo ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Joao L Kill ◽  
Anderson F Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

A Case Study Exploring the Experiences of a Transgender Athlete in Synchronized Skating, a Subdiscipline of Figure Skating

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-449
Author(s):  
Shannon S. C. Herrick ◽  
Meredith A. Rocchi ◽  
A. Lauren Couture
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Inclusive Practices ◽  
Amateur Sport ◽  
Figure Skater ◽  
Synchronized Skating

The inclusion of transgender athletes in sport challenges a number of long-standing cis-heteronormative beliefs within athletics at all levels of competition. There are limited studies examining the integration and experiences of transgender athletes within amateur sport. The following case study follows the experiences of a transgender synchronized figure skater, Mason, who was able to continue competing throughout his transition process. We conducted eight semi-structured one-on-one interviews with Mason, his teammates, his team manager, and his past and present coaches. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subject to thematic analysis which resulted in four overarching themes: (a) building inclusivity: “promote a safe space,” (b) acknowledging stress, (c) disclosure: “I didn’t want to talk about my past,” and (d) celebration. Results are interpreted as recommendations for coaches on how to adopt inclusive practices to better support transgender athletes.

CONCENTRATIONS DE LA PROGESTERONE, DES OESTROGENES ET DU CORTISOL DANS LE PLASMA DES VACHES AYANT DONNE NAISSANCE A DES JUMEAUX OU AYANT EU DES RETENTIONS PLACENTAIRES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MATTON ◽  
V. ADELAKOUN ◽  
J. J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Plasma Steroids ◽  
Peripartum Period

Plasma steroids (cortisol, progesterone, estrone and estradiol) were studied during the peripartum period in cows with three different types of parturition: unifoetal normal (VUN), unifoetal with retained placenta (VRP), multifoetal with or without retained placenta (VG). In the control group, cortisol rose gradually from 8 ng/ml on day −7 to 11 ng/ml on the day of parturition and thereafter came back to the level of day −7. In the VRP group, cortisol was slightly lower than in the control on day −7 and it did not vary significantly before or after parturition. In the group of cows with multiple births, where retained placenta was encountered in 3/4 cases, cortisol was much higher than in control animals. Plasma progesterone decreased gradually from 5.5 ng/ml to less than 1 ng/ml on the day of parturition in the control group. In the group VRP and VG, it was significantly higher than in the control on the 2 days before and on the day of parturition. The patterns of estrone and estradiol were similar in the groups VUN and VRP until the first day following parturition, but much higher in the cows giving birth to twins. During the postpartum period, the drop in estrogens was much slower in the VRP and VG groups than in the VUN control group. These results suggest that retention of the placenta is not linked with the plasma concentration of cortisol but rather associated with an increased level of progesterone on the day of parturition and that the slower decrease in estrogen levels after parturition would be the result of the persisting attachment of the foetal membranes.

Anakinra (AKR) prophylaxis (ppx) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) receiving orvacabtagene autoleucel (orva-cel).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2537-2537
Author(s):  
Luciano J. Costa ◽  
Sham Mailankody ◽  
Paul Shaughnessy ◽  
Parameswaran Hari ◽  
Jonathan L. Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

2537 Background: Orva-cel is a B-cell maturation antigen–targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy being evaluated in the phase 1/2 EVOLVE study (NCT03430011) in pts with RRMM who had at least 3 prior lines of therapy (Tx). We previously reported safety and efficacy in the phase 1 study and established the recommended dose (RD) of orva-cel as 600 × 106 CAR+ T cells (Mailankody et al, ASCO 2020). Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a dominant toxicity of CAR T cell therapy, is mediated in part by IL-1. We explore the role of ppx with AKR, an IL-1 signaling inhibitor, on reducing the incidence of grade (G) ≥2 CRS after orva-cel treatment at the RD. Methods: Fourteen pts were enrolled sequentially for AKR ppx and treated with orva-cel at the RD. The non-AKR ppx control group comprised the remainder of the phase 1 pts receiving orva-cel at the RD (n = 19). The median follow-up (range) was 3.0 mo (1.8–6.2) for the AKR ppx group and 8.8 mo (5.3–12.2) for the non-AKR ppx group. AKR was administered as 100 mg SC the night before orva-cel infusion, 3 h before the infusion (Day 1), and q24 h on Days 2–5. Dosing was increased to q12 h if CRS developed. CRS was graded by Lee (2014) criteria. Tocilizumab (T) and steroids (S) were used per protocol-specified treatment management guidelines. Results: Disease characteristics and outcomes are shown in the table. In AKR ppx and non-AKR ppx groups, median number of prior regimens was 6 and 5, and bridging Tx was used in 57% and 68% of pts, respectively. The total frequency of CRS was similar in the 2 groups, but with less G 2 in the AKR ppx pts; relative risk (95% CI) = 0.54 (0.21, 1.38). No G ≥3 CRS was seen in either group. The incidence of neurological events (NE), G ≥3 infection, and macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAS/HLH) was similar. T and S use was numerically lower with AKR ppx. Orva-cel expansion kinetics were similar in the 2 groups. All pts had a 2-month efficacy assessment, with ORR in 100% of AKR ppx and 95% of non–AKR ppx pts. Conclusions: In this nonrandomized evaluation of AKR ppx with orva-cel treatment, the incidence of G ≥2 CRS was lower in pts receiving AKR ppx. The use of AKR ppx produced no adverse effect on the incidence of NE, infection, or MAS/HLH, nor on orva-cel expansion or disease response. These results warrant further study of AKR ppx in CAR T cell therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03430011. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Maximal stability limits in adolescents with Tourette syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-022
Author(s):  
Blanchet Mariève ◽  
Prince François ◽  
Lemay Martin ◽  
Chouinard Sylvain ◽  
Messier Julie
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Stability Limits

We explored if adolescents with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) had functional postural control impairments and how these deficits are linked to a disturbance in the processing and integration of sensory information. We evaluated the displacements of the center of pressure (COP) during maximal leaning in four directions (forward, backward, rightward, leftward) and under three sensory conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, eyes closed standing on foam). GTS adolescents showed deficits in postural stability and in lateral postural adjustments but they had similar maximal COP excursion than the control group. The postural performance of the GTS group was poorer in the eyes open condition (time to phase 1 onset, max-mean COP). Moreover, they displayed a poorer ability to maintain the maximum leaning position under the eyes open condition during mediolateral leaning tasks. By contrast, during forward leaning, they showed larger min-max ranges than control subjects while standing on the foam with the eyes closed. Together, these findings support the idea that GTS produces subclinical postural control deficits. Importantly, our results suggest that postural control disorders in GTS are highly sensitive to voluntary postural leaning tasks which have high demand for multimodal sensory integration.

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