Effects of Self-Efficacy, Satisfaction, and Personal Goals on Swimming Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Theodorakis
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
And Performance

The present study tested the effects of self-efficacy, past performance, personal goal setting, and self-satisfaction on swimming performance. Participants (N = 42) performed four trials of a specific swimming task with 10-min intervals between each trial. During the third and fourth trials they performed trials after setting personal goals and completing self-efficacy and selfsatisfaction scales. Results showed significant improvement in level of performance in these two trials. Past performance, self-efficacy, self-satisfaction, and personal goal setting were predictors of performance at the third and the fourth trial. A LISREL VI path analysis indicated that past performance was the main determinant of future performance. Personal goal setting was affected by level of past performance, as well as by perceived self-efficacy and satisfaction. In a second stage of analysis, past performance was eliminated, and results supported the mediating role of personal goals between self-efficacy and performance.

The Effect of Personal Goals, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Satisfaction on Injury Rehabilitation

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Theodorakis ◽  
Parascevi Malliou ◽  
Athanasios Papaioannou ◽  
Anastasia Beneca ◽  
Anastasia Filactakidou
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
And Performance

This study examined the effect of goal setting on injury rehabilitation, specifically, differences in personal goal setting, self-efficacy, self-satisfaction, and performance between injured and noninjured subjects. Two experimental groups (32 women with knee injuries and 29 noninjured women) and one control group (n= 30) were used. Subjects performed four trials of a knee extension task on an isokinetic dynamometer. Prior to the third and fourth trials, subjects in the experimental groups set personal goals and completed self-efficacy and self-satisfaction scales. There were significant performance improvements for the two experimental groups; correlation coefficients between self-efficacy, self-satisfaction, goal setting, and performance were significant at the .001 level Personal goal setting was affected by level of ability and in turn had a direct effect on performance. Self-efficacy and self-satisfaction were affected by ability or performance but had no significant effect on personal goals or performance. The findings indicate that personal goal setting might be an important determinant for performance improvement in injury rehabilitation programs.

The Effects of Goal Setting, Self-Efficacy, Competition, and Personal Traits on the Performance of an Endurance Task

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart S. Lerner ◽  
Edwin A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Group Competition ◽  
Goal Level ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Sport Orientation

This study investigated the effects of goal setting, self-efficacy, competition, and personality on the performance of a sit-up task. Prior to testing, participants were administered the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; Gill & Deeter, 1988). Using a 2 × 2 + 1 design, 60 participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (a) competition, medium goal; (b) competition, high goal; (c) no competition, medium goal; and (d) no competition, high goal. A fifth group from the same population (n = 15) was added and served as the do-best comparison group. The main effect of goal level was borderline significant (p < .059), and this effect was fully mediated by personal goal level and self-efficacy. Also, both the medium and hard goal groups significantly outperformed the do-best group. Competition did not affect performance, personal goals, commitment, or self-efficacy. The SOQ was significantly related to performance, but its effects were fully mediated by personal goals and self-efficacy.

Path Analysis of Self-Efficacy and Diving Performance Revisited

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Feltz ◽  
Graig M. Chow ◽  
Teri J. Hepler
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The Feltz (1982) path analysis of the relationship between diving efficacy and performance showed that, over trials, past performance was a stronger predictor than self-efficacy of performance. Bandura (1997) criticized the study as statistically “overcontrolling” for past performance by using raw past performance scores along with self-efficacy as predictors of performance. He suggests residualizing past performance by regressing the raw scores on self-efficacy and entering them into the model to remove prior contributions of self-efficacy imbedded in past performance scores. To resolve this controversy, we reanalyzed the Feltz data using three statistical models: raw past performance, residual past performance, and a method that residualizes past performance and self-efficacy. Results revealed that self-efficacy was a stronger predictor of performance in both residualized models than in the raw past performance model. Furthermore, the influence of past performance on future performance was weaker when the residualized methods were conducted.

The Relationship Between Goal Orientation, Social Comparison Responses, Self-Efficacy, and Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Carmona ◽  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Arie Dijkstra ◽  
José M. Peiró
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined whether social comparison responses (identification and contrast in social comparison) mediated the relationship between goal orientation (promotion and prevention) and self-efficacy, and whether self-efficacy was subsequently related with a better performance. As expected, the results showed that promotion-oriented individuals – who are focused on achieving success – had higher self-efficacy than prevention-oriented individuals – who are focused on avoiding failure. Only one of the social comparison responses had a mediating role. That is, the tendency to contrast oneself with others who were doing better mediated the relationship between a prevention goal orientation and self-efficacy. In addition, self-efficacy was related to a better performance.

Cognitive Self-efficacy in Relation to Personal Mastery and Goal Setting across the Life Span

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Berry ◽  
Robin L. West
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Personal Mastery ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Perceived Control Beliefs

This article is an integrative review of empirical studies of cognitive self-efficacy from childhood through old age. Issues of definition and measurement are addressed and the relation of self-efficacy to personal mastery is evaluated. Research on academic achievement in children and adolescents, complex decision-making in young adults, and memory and intellectual functioning in older adults supports a variety of theoretically driven hypotheses regarding the sources and effects of self-efficacy. Percepts of self-efficacy are based on a variety of sources of information, including personal mastery and perceived control beliefs. Self-efficacy has predictable effects on a variety of task engagement variables (e.g. persistence, effort, goal setting, strategy usage, chioce) that mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. Generalisations regarding the applicability of self-efficacy to understanding cognitive development across the life span are discussed in terms of age-relevant domains and it is argued that a life span treatment of self-efficacy development is particularly compelling because both life span theory and self-efficacy theory emphasise domain specificity.

Highly Allegiant Fans and Sports Team Evaluation: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Hirt ◽  
Kenneth R. Ryalls
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Positivity Bias ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
Team Evaluation

We suggest that the positivity bias found by Wann and Dolan in highly allegiant sports fans might be better explained by considering the mediating role of self-esteem in both the prediction of a team's future performance as well as the recall of past performance.

Combined Effects of Goal Setting and Performance Feedback on Performance and Physiological Response on a Maximum Effort Task

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Theodorakis ◽  
Kostas Laparidis ◽  
Efthimis Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Marios Goudas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

A laboratory experiment was conducted ( N = 40 subjects) to examine whether goal setting would be associated with reduced heart rate on an endurance task. Participants performed an endurance task on an ergometer bicycle. One week later when participants performed the task again half of them set a specific personal goal for an increase in performance. Analysis indicated that subjects who set a goal showed significant improvement in comparison with the control group. Moreover, subjects in the goal group had a significantly lower mean heart rate during the test and had a higher mean heart rate at the end of the test than on the first trial. Results are discussed in terms of combining cognitive and physiological explanations for the beneficial effects of goal setting on performance.

scholarly journals Predicting Race Performance in Triathlon: The Role of Perfectionism, Achievement Goals, and Personal Goal Setting

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Stoeber ◽  
Mark A. Uphill ◽  
Sarah Hotham
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Race Performance

The question of how perfectionism affects performance is highly debated. Because empirical studies examining perfectionism and competitive sport performance are missing, the present research investigated how perfectionism affected race performance and what role athletes’ goals played in this relationship in two prospective studies with competitive triathletes (Study 1: N = 112; Study 2: N = 321). Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic personal standards, high performance-approach goals, low performance-avoidance goals, and high personal goals predicted race performance beyond athletes’ performance level. Moreover, the contrast between performance-avoidance and performance-approach goals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic personal standards and performance, whereas personal goal setting mediated the relationship between performance-approach goals and performance. The findings indicate that perfectionistic personal standards do not undermine competitive performance, but are associated with goals that help athletes achieve their best possible performance.

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