Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Birchenall-Sparks ◽  
Michael S. Roberts ◽  
Jeffrey Staeker ◽  
James E. Hardwick ◽  
Arlan Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
F344 Rats

At 6 wk of age, male Fischer F344 rats were fed a purified, casein-based diet either ad libitum or in the amount of 60% of the diet consumed by the rats fed ad libitum (restricted diet). Hepatocytes were isolated from the rats between 2.5 and 19 mo of age. The protein content of the hepatocytes isolated from the rats fed the restricted amount of diet was significantly lower than that of hepatocytes isolated from rats fed ad libitum. The DNA and RNA content of the hepatocytes were similar for the rats fed the two dietary regimens. The absolute rate of protein synthesis for hepatocytes isolated from rats fed ad libitum decreased 55 % between 2.5 and 19 mo of age. However, the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from rats fed the restricted amount of diet decreased only slightly with increasing age. At 19 mo of age, the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from the rats fed the restricted amount of diet was significantly higher than the rate of protein synthesis for hepatocytes from rats fed ad libitum. Therefore, dietary restriction retards the age-related decline in liver protein synthesis. Reproduced by permission. Maria C. Birchenall-Sparks, Michael S. Roberts, Jeffrey Staeker, James E. Hardwick, Arlan Richardson, Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats. J. Nutr. 115 , 944-950 (1985).

The Effects of Ad Libitum Overfeeding and Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction on Age-Related Spontaneous Pituitary Gland Pathology in Sprague—Dawley Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Molon-Noblot ◽  
Philippe Laroque ◽  
John B. Coleman ◽  
Chao-Min Hoe ◽  
Kevin P. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum

The Effects of Ad Libitum Overfeeding and Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction on Age-Related Spontaneous Pituitary Gland Pathology in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Molon-Noblot ◽  
Philippe Laroque ◽  
John B. Coleman ◽  
Chao-Min Hoe ◽  
Kevin P. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum

THE ROLE OF HORMONAL AND DIETARY FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF EXCESS RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN THE LIVERS OF PREGNANT RATS

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA M. CAMPBELL ◽  
I. R. INNES ◽  
H. W. KOSTERLITZ
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Dna And Rna

1. Excess ribonucleic acid ('RNA') is defined as the difference between the RNA contents of livers of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Large amounts of excess RNA are formed in the liver of the rat during the last week of pregnancy. Excess RNA is formed in the liver after removal, on the 14th or 15th day of pregnancy, of the foetuses, or foetuses and ovaries, or foetuses and adrenals, or foetuses, ovaries and adrenals, or pituitary, or pituitary and foetuses, or pituitary, foetuses and ovaries. Viable placentae must be present. 2. Two fractions of RNA appear to be present in the liver cells of pregnant rats. One fraction varies linearly with the protein content of the liver cells, as does the RNA of non-pregnant rats' livers. The second fraction (excess RNA) is quite independent of the protein content of the liver cells but varies linearly with the weight of the placentae and the energy, but not the protein, content of the diet. 3. Hypophysectomy lowers the amount of excess RNA by 20–25 %. After removal of the foetuses on the 14th day, the placentae do not attain the normal weight, and the amount of excess RNA is smaller than in normal pregnancy. After removal of foetuses and ovaries the placentae are larger and heavier than after removal of the foetuses alone. 4. Both adrenalectomy and ovariectomy in non-pregnant female rats cause a small rise of liver deoxyribonucleic acid ('DNA') and RNA. After hypophysectomy, there is a loss in liver RNA greater than that expected from the simultaneous loss of liver protein. The loss of RNA occurs even when the loss of liver protein is prevented by feeding the rats by stomach tube. DNA is not lost from the liver a fortnight after hypophysectomy, as long as the energy intake is normal. 5. In non-pregnant female rats oestradiol, but not progesterone, causes an increase of liver DNA and RNA. This is not found in hypophysectomized rats. Injection of an alkaline placental extract causes a significant rise of liver RNA which, however, is very much smaller than that found in pregnancy. 6. Since hypophysectomy lowers, but does not abolish excess liver RNA in pregnant rats, it is concluded that at least two factors play a role: first and foremost, an unknown factor secreted by the placenta, acting independently of the pituitary, and second, increased amounts of oestrogen apparently requiring the presence of the pituitary.

Diabesity: A Polygenic Model of Dietary-Induced Obesity from Ad Libitum Overfeeding of Sprague–Dawley Rats and Its Modulation by Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Keenan ◽  
Chao-Min Hoe ◽  
Lori Mixson ◽  
Carol L. Mccoy ◽  
John B. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study compared the effects of ad libitum (AL) overfeeding and moderate or marked dietary restriction (DR) on the pathogenesis of a metabolic syndrome of diabesity comprised of age-related degenerative diseases and obesity in a outbred stock of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats [Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR]. SD rats were fed Purina Certified Rodent Diet AL (group 1), DR at 72–79% of AL (group 2), DR at 68–72% of AL (group 3) or DR at 47–48% of AL (group 4) for 106 weeks. Interim necropsies were performed at 13, 26, and 53 weeks, after a 7-day 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-filled minipump implantation. Body weights, organ weights, carcass analysis, in-life data including estrous cyclicity, and histopathology were determined. At 6–7 weeks of age SD rats had 6% body fat. AL-feeding resulted in hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and dietary-induced obesity (DIO) by study week 14, with 25% body fat that progressed to 36–42% body fat by 106 weeks. As early as 14 weeks, key biomarkers developed for spontaneous nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and degenerative changes in multiple organ systems. Early endocrine disruption was indicated by changes in metabolic and endocrine profiles and the early development and progression of lesions in the pituitary, pancreatic islets, adrenals, thyroids, parathyroids, liver, kidneys, and other tissues. Reproductive senescence was seen by 9 months with declines in estrous cyclicity and pathological changes in the reproductive organs of both sexes fed AL or moderate DR, but not marked DR. The diabesity syndrome in AL-fed, DIO SD rats was readily modulated or prevented by moderate to marked DR. Moderate DR of balanced diets resulted in a better toxicology model by significantly improving survival, controlling adult body weight and obesity, reducing the onset, severity, and morbidity of age-related renal, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiac diseases. Moderate DR feeding reduces study-to-study variability, increases treatment exposure time, and increases the ability to distinguish true treatment effects from spontaneous aging. The structural and metabolic differences between the phenotypes of DIO and DR SD rats indicated changes of polygenic expression over time in this outbred stock. AL-overfeeding of SD rats produces a needed model of DIO and diabesity that needs further study of its patterns of polygenic expression and phenotype.

Assimilate Source-Sink Relationships in Capsicum annuum L. II. Effects of Fruiting and Defloration on the Photosynthetic Capacity and Senescence of the Leaves

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Hall ◽  
CJ Brady
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Intracellular Resistance ◽  
Fraction 1 Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Source Sink

The photosynthetic capacity of leaves of fruiting Capsicum plants that expanded during or shortly after anthesis remained steady throughout the growth of the fruit. The formation and growth of the fruit was associated with a reversal of the decline in photosynthetic capacity of some of the leaves that had expanded before anthesis. In deflorated plants, the photosynthetic capacity of leaves at all levels of insertion declined continuously. The variations with age of the net CO2 exchange of the leaf inserted one internode above the fruit were attributable almost exclusively to changes in intracellular resistance, while in the corresponding leaf of deflorated plants both leaf and intracellular transfer resistances were important determinants of photosynthesis. Fruiting reduced the age-related loss of soluble and fraction 1 protein and of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activity in the leaf immediately above the fruit. The ratio of fraction 1 protein synthesis to that of other soluble proteins in fully expanded leaves showed no tendency to decline with age in plants of either type. Intracellular resistance in fruiting plants did not appear to be linked to changes in either fraction 1 protein content or ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activity.

Altered response of protein synthesis to nutritional state and endurance training in old rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. E328-E335 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mosoni ◽  
M. C. Valluy ◽  
B. Serrurier ◽  
J. Prugnaud ◽  
C. Obled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Impact

This study was undertaken to determine whether the loss of muscle protein mass during aging could be explained by a reduced sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis to feeding and exercise. Male Wistar rats aged 12 and 24 mo were exercised by treadmill running for 4 mo. Protein synthesis was measured by the flooding dose method in tibialis anterior, soleus, and liver of conscious rested, trained rats and age-matched controls in the postprandial or in the postabsorptive state. No marked change with age could be detected in basal muscle protein synthesis. In contrast, protein synthesis was stimulated in adult but not in old rats by feeding in tibialis anterior and by exercise in soleus. In liver, protein synthesis was not modified by age but was stimulated by feeding and by exercise, which improved the response to feeding. We conclude that the impact of nutrition on muscle protein synthesis is blunted in old age, which could contribute to the age-related loss of nutrition-sensitive muscle proteins.

Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Birchenall-Sparks ◽  
Michael S. Roberts ◽  
Jeffrey Staecker ◽  
James P. Hardwick ◽  
Arlan Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Liver Protein

scholarly journals The effects of age, dietary restriction, exercise and maternity on the abundance and volume of adipocytes in twelve adipose depots of adult guinea-pigs

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Pond ◽  
Christine A. Mattacks ◽  
Marion C. Thomson ◽  
Dawin Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adipocyte Volume

1. The mean adipocyte volume and cellularity of adipose tissue in twelve anatomically defined depots were measured in 190 virgin and reproductive guinea-pigs aged 6 months to 2 years, maintained on five different regimens of diet and exercise.2. The total adipocyte complement was constant up to the age of about 10 months and increased by 65–70% during the 2nd year of life. At constant percentage body-weight as fat, age-related accumulation of adipocytes was accompanied by reduction in average adipocyte volume. A period of high percentage body-weight as fat was not a necessary antecedent to age-related accumulation of adipocytes, and the effect was not observed in specimens that exercised regularly.3. In guinea-pigs over 13 months old, changes in adipose tissue cellularity made a major contribution to total fatness. The mean volume of samples of adipocytes was a satisfactory indicator of fatness only in younger specimens in which adipose tissue cellularity was not changing.4. The lean body mass and the total adipocyte complement were lower in guinea-pigs on the sedentary, restricted-diet regimen, whether the regimen began at the age of 19 weeks or 31 weeks, but the depots studied were not equally affected. Both moderate and strenuous exercise on an ad lib. diet caused a reduction in the percentage body-weight as fat in males but not in females. The total adipocyte complement and lean body mass were unchanged, although the males became almost as thin following exercise as those on the restricted-diet regimen.5. Among guinea-pigs under 400 d old, there were no significant differences between males and virgin females in the site-specific volume of adipocytes relative to the size of those in other depots of the same specimen; there was only one significant difference in this index between the older and the younger specimens. The diet and exercise regimens modified the site-specific adipocyte volume relative to those in other depots; adipocytes under the trapezius muscle of the neck (UMN), at the interscapular depot (HUMP) and those in the depots anterior to the forelimb became relatively smaller following exercise, while those in the popliteal fat mass were relatively larger. Adipocytes in the UMN and HUMP also became more numerous relative to those in the other depots following both moderate and strenuous exercise. Those in the groin site, the intra-abdominal depots and the intermuscular depots became relatively smaller following dietary restriction without exercise.6. The retroperitoneal depot was the most consistently and extensively depleted following dietary restriction without exercise, and the mesenteric and omental, ventral groin and anterior forelimb depots were not significantly depleted in any of the virgin guinea-pigs on this regmen. Thus those on the restricted diet had more adipocytes at these depots, in proportion to lean body mass, than the ad lib.-fed controls. Following age-related adipocyte proliferation, there were relatively more adipocytes in the abdominal depots, and relatively fewer in depots around the forelimbs in guinea-pigs that were first exercised strenuously and then placed on a sedentary at lib.-feeding regimen, compared with never-exercised controls.7. Some of the correlation coefficients between the volumes of adipocytes in all depots studied were significantly higher in the ad lib.-fed, sedentary mothers than in ad lib.-fed sedentary males of the same age. No other effects of maternity on site-specific differences in the relative volume or relative abundance of adipocytes were identified.8. Site-specific differences in adipocyte accumulation contributed more to age and regimen-related changes in body conformation than changes in the relative volume of adipocytes.

Effect of amino acids alone or with insulin on muscle and liver protein synthesis in adult and old rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. E614-E620 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mosoni ◽  
M. L. Houlier ◽  
P. P. Mirand ◽  
G. Bayle ◽  
J. Grizard
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Absolute Synthesis

This study was carried out to analyze age-related changes on amino acid and insulin effects on muscle and liver protein synthesis. Conscious male rats, aged 12 (adult) and 24 (old) mo, were infused for 90 min with either saline, amino acids, or amino acids with insulin and glucose. Protein synthesis was measured during the last 15 min of infusion (flooding dose of valine with L-[2,3,4-3H]valine). Gastrocnemius protein mass was 29% lower in old rats than in adults. However, basal muscle absolute synthesis rates were unchanged with age, and fractional synthesis rates (FSR) were increased. Amino acids significantly stimulated muscle FSR to a similar extent (18-20%) in adult (P < 0.01) and old rats (P = 0.03 when variability introduced by muscle atrophy was taken into account by a variance-covariance analysis). Insulin did not elicit any additional effect. Liver protein synthesis did not change with age or in response to infusions. We conclude that, despite an age-related loss of muscle proteins, capacity of muscle protein synthesis to be stimulated is preserved with age.

Sequential changes in in vivo muscle and liver protein synthesis and plasma and tissue glutamine levels in sepsis in the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. O'LEARY ◽  
Colin N. FERGUSON ◽  
Michael J. RENNIE ◽  
Charles J. HINDS ◽  
John H. COAKLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

We have investigated sequential changes in skeletal muscle and hepatic protein synthesis following sepsis, and their relationship to changes in circulating and tissue glutamine concentrations. Male Wistar rats underwent caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation, with starvation, and were killed 24, 72 or 96 h later. A group of non-operated animals were killed at the time of surgery. Protein synthesis was determined using a flooding dose of l-[4-3H] phenylalanine, and glutamine concentrations were measured by an enzymic fluorimetric assay. Protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle fell in all groups. Gastrocnemius total protein content was reduced after CLP and at 72 and 96 h after sham operation. After CLP, protein synthesis was lower at 24 h, and total protein content was lower at 72 and 96 h, than in sham-operated animals. CLP was associated with increased liver protein synthesis at all time points, whereas there was no change after sham operation. Liver protein content did not change after CLP, but was lower at 72 and 96 h after sham operation than in non-operated animals. Plasma glutamine concentrations were reduced at 24 h after sham operation, and at 72 and 96 h after CLP. Muscle glutamine concentrations were reduced in all groups, with the decrease being greater following CLP than after sham operation. In the liver, glutamine concentrations were unchanged after CLP, but increased after sham operation. In rats with sepsis, decreases in muscle protein synthesis and content are associated with markedly reduced muscle glutamine concentrations. Plasma glutamine concentrations are initially maintained, but fall later. In liver, protein synthesis is increased, while glutamine concentrations are preserved. These results support a peripheral-to-splanchnic glutamine flux in sepsis.

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