Stop Pakistan's polio vaccination tax

Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 354 (6310) ◽  
pp. 295.2-296
Author(s):  
Sultan Ayoub Meo
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Choudhary ◽  
Roma Solomon ◽  
Jitendra Awale ◽  
Rina Dey ◽  
Jagajeet Prasad Singh ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A social mobilization (SM) initiative contributed to India’s success in polio elimination. This was the CORE Group Polio Project (CGPP) India, a partner of the Uttar Pradesh (UP) SM Network and which continued its SM activities, even during the polio-free period through a network of multi-level social mobilizers. This paper assesses the effects of this community-level SM (CLSM) intervention on the extent of community engagement and performance of polio Supplementary Immunization Activity campaigns (SIAs) during the post-polio-endemic period (i.e., from March 2012 to September 2017). Methods This study followed a quasi-experimental design. We used secondary, cluster-level data from CGPP India’s Management Information System, including 52 SIAs held from January 2008 to September 2017, covering 56 blocks from 12 districts of UP. We computed various indicators and performed Generalized Estimating Equations based analysis to assess the statistical significance of differences between the outcomes of intervention and non-intervention areas. We then estimated the effects of the SM intervention using Interrupted time-series, Difference-in-Differences and Synthetic Control Methods. Finally, we estimated the population influenced by the intervention. Results The performance of polio SIAs changed over time, with the intervention areas having better outcomes than non-intervention areas. The absence of CLSM intervention during the post-polio-endemic period would have negatively impacted the outcomes of polio SIAs. The percentage of children vaccinated at polio SIA booths, percentage of ‘X’ houses (i.e., households with unvaccinated children or households with out-of-home/out-of-village children or locked households) converted to ‘P’ (i.e., households with all vaccinated children or households without children eligible for vaccination), and percentage of resistant houses converted to polio acceptors would have gone down by 14.1 (Range: 12.7 to 15.5), 6.3 (Range: 5.2 to 7.3) and 7.4 percentage points, respectively. Community engagement would have reduced by 7.2 (Range: 6.6 to 7.7) percentage points. Conclusions The absence of CLSM intervention would have significantly decreased the level of community engagement and negatively impacted the performance of polio SIAs of the post-polio-endemic period. The study provides evidence of an added value of deploying additional human resource dedicated to social mobilization to achieve desired vaccination outcomes in hard-to-reach or programmatically challenging areas.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-668
Author(s):  
Roy E. Brown ◽  
Michael Katz

We have recently come across the Letter to the Editor from Dr. Shanti Ghosh,1 commenting on the trivalent oral polio virus vaccine trials reported by Hardy, et al. in Pediatrics.2 Although 96 to 100% of infants demonstrated satisfactory levels of immunity in Hardy's group, using a microneutralization titer technique, Dr. Ghosh describes disappointing results in children in India and Nigeria as indicated by low seroconversion rates, as well as very low enterovirus excretion rate in pre- and postimmunization specimens (7.8%).


Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammil ◽  
Sameen Zafar ◽  
Shazia Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Usman Bhutta ◽  
Rafi Amir-Ud-Din

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a communicable viral disease that mainly affects under-5 children. This study focuses on the impact of women’s empowerment and women’s working status on the uptake of polio vaccination of children in polio-endemic countries, including Pakistan and Afghanistan, and Nigeria, the latter of which has recently been declared polio-free. The polio vaccination status can be divided into no vaccination (NV), incomplete vaccination (IV), and complete vaccination. We used data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) rounds for this manuscript. Multinomial logistic regression-based estimates suggest that mothers’ working status, empowerment, age, education, father’s education, and household wealth status reduce the risk of NV and IV in the polio-endemic countries (Afghanistan and Pakistan) and Nigeria. In addition, the mothers’ working status, empowerment, age, education, and father’s education increase the child’s healthcare information that helps complete polio vaccination of the child. On the other hand, the children whose mothers work in the agriculture sector or are engaged in a blue-collar job are more likely to remain unvaccinated than women in white-collar jobs. Similarly, mothers engaged in government jobs are more likely to get their children fully vaccinated than unemployed mothers. Thus, as a child’s polio vaccination is strongly dependent on a mother’s working status and empowerment, the focus of public policy on empowering women and promoting their labor force participation may increase polio vaccination uptake, besides adopting other measures to increase immunization.


Author(s):  
Gulay Korukluoglu ◽  
Umit Ozdemirer ◽  
Fatma Bayrakdar ◽  
Zehra Unal ◽  
Yasemin Cosgun ◽  
...  

AbstractPoliomyelitis was a disease feared worldwide, striking suddenly and paralysing mainly children for life. Monitoring of suspected cases of poliomyelitis is carried out with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Turkey. This study examines national data of AFP surveillance and the epidemiology of enteroviruses (EV) in Turkey from 2000 to 2019 and gives an overview of the detected serotypes of EVs. A total of 13,640 samples collected from patients with 5216 AFP pre-diagnosed cases (2 samples from each patient) and 3,208 contacts, during a 20-year period (2000–2019) were investigated. All isolated polioviruses were tested for their wild or vaccine origin according to the WHO recommended protocol by PCR and sequencing analysis were performed. Enterovirus positivity was detected in a total of 915 cases, which were identified as 204 Sabin-like polio virus (SLPV) and 711 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV). Of the 204 SLPV, 141 (69.1%) AFP were detected in patients and 63 (30.9%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. Of the 711 NPEVs, 516 (72.5%) were from AFP cases and 195 (27.5%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. It is concluded that the reason for the higher detection rate of NPEV in samples from AFP pre-diagnosed cases is attributed to the polio vaccination rates reaching 97% between 2008 and 2019 in Turkey. The most frequently detected NPEV serotypes were Coxackie A24, B3, and Echo 30. This retrospective study is the first comprehensive study in Turkey to evaluate the results of the AFP surveillance in the last 20 years.


JAMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (19) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
M.J. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  

The Lancet ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 348 (9039) ◽  
pp. 1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Squarcione

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Adel Alotaibi ◽  
Sami S Almudarra ◽  
Homoud S Algarni ◽  
Yasser Bakhsh ◽  
Zahir Mohamed Elamin Dafaalla ◽  
...  

Hajj pilgrims must have certain vaccines for pilgrimage; these requirements aim to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. This study analyzed the trends in vaccine adherence for meningitis, yellow fever, and polio from January 2017- December 2019. These trends can help in guiding future policymaking to prevent outbreaks during Hajj and similar mass gatherings. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics for Hajj pilgrims and Hajj seasonal workers arriving in Saudi Arabia over three years (2017–2019). Health Control Centers (HCCs) collected data at points-of-entry (PoE) and entered it into Saudi Arabia’s Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN). We reviewed HESN data to collect information on total passengers arriving per country and the number of passengers vaccinated for: meningococcal meningitis, poliomyelitis, and yellow fever. We compared data to identify the difference in vaccination by region.  We used chi-square tests to assess differences in compliance rate among these travelers by year and country of origin. The number of participating countries increased from 113 to 132. Meningitis vaccine coverage increased by 5% from 2017–2019. The increase was not statistically significant. Asia had the lowest overall adherence rate (83%). Yellow fever adherence decreased significantly using a difference of mean adherence between 2017 and 2019 (p-value 0.01). Polio vaccination adherence decreased by 5% from 2017 to 2019; this was not significant (p-value = 0.08). The vaccine coverage increased for meningitis and decreased for yellow fever and polio. Less than 100% vaccine adherence among Hajj travelers creates the potential for the spread of infectious diseases. Proof of vaccination should be required in submitted visa applications. Countries of origin and Saudi Arabia must work together to ensure that all Hajjis are adequately vaccinated before departure.


Author(s):  
Farah Yasmin ◽  
Waleed Asghar ◽  
Maryam Salma Babar ◽  
Hiba Khan ◽  
Shoaib Ahmad ◽  
...  

Developing countries like Pakistan have previously suffered from barriers to acceptance of vaccination by the public because of financial and belief barriers. This study aims to explore these beliefs and highlight concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy in the general population of Pakistan since they are a hindrance to an effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) immunization in the country. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,778 participants from all four provinces of Pakistan. Results from the study showed more than half of the participants to be unsure of the safety (50%) and efficacy (51%) of the vaccine, whereas 42% were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. About 72% of the respondents planned to get vaccinated, whereas 28% refused to do so. Internationally made imported vaccines were more trusted by the participants. Forty-four percent of the participants agreed to receive the vaccine upon recommendation from a physician. Lastly, participants who believed in the efficacy of the polio vaccination also considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and effective.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Mussawar Shah ◽  
Naimatullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shafee ◽  
...  

Background: Polio is a viral disease causing infantile paralysis in the community.This study cultural and traditional barriers to Polio Vaccination. Pakistan in order to explore thecultural and traditional barriers in vaccination against polio. Setting: Tehsil Kwazakhela, Swat,KPK. Methods: A total of 200 respondents were selected from 364 household’s population. Aconceptual framework based on cultural barriers to polio vaccination (dependent variable) andimpediments to polio vaccination (dependent variable) was worked out and uni-variate analysisfor percentage and Chi square test statistics was carried out for association between variables.Results: At uni-variate level majority of the respondent’s i.e. 98% argued that misconceptionis a great issue in the area and 98.5% respondents treat the new born through traditional way.Furthermore, 79.5% masses were in favor of clergy’s fatwah and 95% were agreed that poliovaccine caused immodesty, 81.5% were facing hurdles due to religious background, and 68 %responded that polio vaccination affected from terrorism, 92% agreed that polio vaccination isagainst the prevalent culture. At bivariate level myth, clergies fatwah, polio vaccine is an Americanploy and common superstition spread by radicals were found significant with impediments topolio vaccination. Conclusion: A well patronized campaign over media through proper displayof victims from polio with explicit display of agonies from the victims is essential. Support fromclergies and other regional religious institutions will help in the success of campaign to fightagainst Polio.


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