Rainfall Estimation with a Geosensor Network of Cars – Theoretical Considerations and First Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fitzner ◽  
Monika Sester ◽  
Uwe Haberlandt ◽  
Ehsan Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Estimation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Geosensor Network ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

scholarly journals Country-wide CML rainfall estimation and CML-Radar combination in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Chwala ◽  
Tanja Winterrath ◽  
Maximilian Graf ◽  
Julius Polz ◽  
Harald Kunstmann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Rainfall Estimation ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
First Results ◽  
Microwave Link

<p>Commercial microwave links (CMLs) have emerged as a valuable source of rainfall information that can complement existing observations. In Germany, we acquire attenuation data from 4000 CMLs with a temporal resolution of one minute. In this contribution we present our results of deriving country-wide rainfall information from these CML data and show the first long-term application of CML data for adjusting the radar rainfall field.</p><p>We present results of a large-scale analysis of our country-wide dataset for one full year (Graf et al. 2020) and compare it with the gauge adjusted radar product RADOLAN-RW from the German Weather Service and the climatologically corrected radar product RADKLIM-YW. Our analysis also compares several different methods for processing CML data, including our recent improvements for the separation of dry and rainy periods in noisy CML attenuation time series based on a convolutional neural network (Polz et al. 2020). We show seasonal and diurnal variations of the performance of CML-derived rainfall data. Promising results are achieved year-round except for periods with solid precipitation. Pearson correlations for the comparison of the hourly rainfall sums reach up to 0.7 for summer months.</p><p>Furthermore, we present results from using the CML rainfall estimates to adjust radar rainfall fields. We extended the RADOLAN-method for radar-gauge adjustment for this purpose. The path-averaged CML rainfall information is compared to the gridded radar rainfall information at the path-intersecting grids. This information is then used in addition to the adjustments derived from rain gauges. We show first results of an hourly adjustment over several months. We further discuss the envisaged operational system for this application and give an outlook on the potential for radar rainfall field adjustments with higher temporal resolutions.</p><p>Graf, M., Chwala, C., Polz, J., and Kunstmann, H.: Rainfall estimation from a German-wide commercial microwave link network: optimized processing and validation for 1 year of data, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2931–2950, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2931-2020, 2020</p><p>Polz, J., Chwala, C., Graf, M., and Kunstmann, H.: Rain event detection in commercial microwave link attenuation data using convolutional neural networks, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3835–3853, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3835-2020, 2020</p>

Balancing Instruction and Construction in Virtual World Learning

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alke Martens ◽  
Dennis Maciuszek
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Apprenticeship ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
First Results ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In game-based learning and in teaching using virtual worlds, designers creating the products and teachers providing them to students are both faced with a dualism between instruction and construction. Open-ended virtual worlds may provide authentic settings and inspire experimentation; on the other hand a lack of guidance may result in learners losing direction. The chapter conducts a narrative review of concepts across disciplines that describe the dilemma and imply certain instructional design strategies. Many authors advocate constructivist learning, but with instructional elements added. The authors collect their recommendations and apply and refine them in their own ideas: adaptivity inspired by Cognitive Apprenticeship, guidance on the basis of Cognitive Task Analysis, and immersive, interactive quest journals. Study setups and first results from ongoing projects illustrate the theoretical considerations.

scholarly journals Burnout and emotional experience in professional educators

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Reinhard Tschiesner ◽  
Alessandra Farnet
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Professional Educators ◽  
First Results ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Aim: This investigation deals with burnout processes and the associated emotional experience patterns in professional educators. The importance of emotions is underlined by the fact that emotions changes the readiness to act (Frijda, 1986). Each emotion is connected with certain kinds of behavior (e.g. disgust with reject of an object or fear with avoidance). Just burnout processes from the educators’ emotional experience point of view become a significant role, because certain emotions are linked with the two most important stages in burnout processes, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (Burisch, 2010). These aspects are able to become meaningful, because educators have to get in relation with learners and people. On account of these emotions have an effect on educational behavior processes. Method: A sample of nursery and primary school teachers as well as social educators were recruited and assessed with psychometric questionnaires (Maslach Burnout Inventory - MBI, Emotional Experience and Regulation Questionnaire - EER). Results: Data (N=148) evidences significant positive relations between emotional exhaustion and anxiety, grief, contempt, anger, guilt, shame as well as lifelessness and negative correlations between emotional exhaustion and interest. Significant positive correlations were calculated between depersonalization and shame, contempt, irritability, disgust and negative correlations between depersonalization and interest as well as happiness. Conclusions: Results indicate that consulting emotional experiences in burnout processes is useful: First results improve theoretical considerations concerning burnout models (e.g. Maslach & Jackson, 1981; Freudenberger & North, 1992) and second it can be helpful for explaining educators’ behavior in burnout processes. Keywords: EER, MBI, emotion

Discussion of the Oblique Rotator Model Cases Of 108 Aqr and x Serp.

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 577-588
Author(s):  
C. Mégessier ◽  
V. Khokhlova ◽  
T. Ryabchikova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
First Results

My talk will be on the oblique rotator model which was first proposed by Stibbs (1950), and since received success and further developments. I shall present two different attempts at describing a star according to this model and the first results obtained in the framework of a Russian-French collaboration in order to test the precision of the two methods. The aim is to give the best possible representation of the element distributions on the Ap stellar surfaces. The first method is the mathematical formulation proposed by Deutsch (1958-1970) and applied by Deutsch (1958) to HD 125248, by Pyper (1969) to α2CVn and by Mégessier (1975) to 108 Aqr. The other one was proposed by Khokhlova (1974) and used by her group.

Meridional Circulation, Turbulence, and Diffusion Processes in Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Convection Zone ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stellar Envelopes ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Turbulence And Diffusion ◽  
Hr Diagram

This paper gives the first results of a work in progress, in collaboration with G. Michaud and G. Vauclair. It is a first attempt to compute the effects of meridional circulation and turbulence on diffusion processes in stellar envelopes. Computations have been made for a 2 Mʘstar, which lies in the Am - δ Scuti region of the HR diagram.Let us recall that in Am stars diffusion cannot occur between the two outer convection zones, contrary to what was assumed by Watson (1970, 1971) and Smith (1971), since they are linked by overshooting (Latour, 1972; Toomre et al., 1975). But diffusion may occur at the bottom of the second convection zone. According to Vauclair et al. (1974), the second convection zone, due to He II ionization, disappears after a time equal to the helium diffusion time, and then diffusion may happen at the bottom of the first convection zone, so that the arguments by Watson and Smith are preserved.

Investigation of cluster layers of small netal particles by TEM, SEM, EELS and by photoacoustic spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
H. Seiler ◽  
U. Haas ◽  
K.H. Körtje
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Plasmon Excitation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Small Metal Particles

The physical properties of small metal particles reveal an intermediate position between atomic and bulk material. Especially Ag has shown pronounced size effects. We compared silver layers evaporated in high vacuum with cluster layers of small silver particles, evaporated in N2 at a pressure of about 102 Pa. The investigations were performed by electron optical methods (TEM, SEM, EELS) and by Photoacoustic (PA) Spectroscopy (gas-microphone detection).The observation of cluster layers with TEM and high resolution SEM show small silver particles with diameters of about 50 nm (Fig. 1 and Figure 2, respectively). The electron diffraction patterns of homogeneous Ag layers and of cluster layers are similar, whereas the low loss EELS spectra due to plasmon excitation are quite different. Fig. 3 and Figure 4 show first results of EELS spectra of a cluster layer of small silver particles on carbon foil and of a homogeneous Ag layer, respectively.

Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 996-997
Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

Imaging of polymer single crystals in low-voltage, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1107
Author(s):  
W.W. Adams ◽  
G. Price ◽  
A. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Image Features ◽  
First Results ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has been shown that there are numerous advantages in imaging both coated and uncoated polymers in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at low voltages (LV) from 0.5 to 2.0 keV compared to imaging at conventional voltages of 10 to 20 keV. The disadvantages of LVSEM of degraded resolution and decreased beam current have been overcome with the new generation of field emission gun SEMs. In imaging metal coated polymers in LVSEM beam damage is reduced, contrast is improved, and charging from irregularly shaped features (which may be unevenly coated) is reduced or eliminated. Imaging uncoated polymers in LVSEM allows direct observation of the surface with little or no charging and with no alterations of surface features from the metal coating process required for higher voltage imaging. This is particularly important for high resolution (HR) studies of polymers where it is desired to image features 1 to 10 nm in size. Metal sputter coating techniques produce a 10 - 20 nm film that has its own texture which can obscure topographical features of the original polymer surface. In examining thin, uncoated insulating samples on a conducting substrate at low voltages the effect of sample-beam interactions on image formation and resolution will differ significantly from the effect at higher accelerating voltages. We discuss here sample-beam interactions in single crystals on conducting substrates at low voltages and also present the first results on HRSEM of single crystal morphologies which show some of these effects.

Multidisciplinary management of vascular access for haemodialysis: from the preparation of the initial access to the treatment of stenosis and thrombosis

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold ◽  
Haage ◽  
Hollenbeck ◽  
Mickley ◽  
Ranft
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
First Results ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
Lower Complication Rate ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Arteriovenous Grafts ◽  
The Individual

In February 2008 a multidisciplinary study group was established in Germany to improve the treatment of patients with potential vascular access problems. As one of the first results of their work interdisciplinary recommendations for the management of vascular access were provided, from the creation of the initial access to the treatment of complications. As a rule the wrist arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the access of choice due to its lower complication rate when compared to other types of access. The AVF should be created 3 months prior to the expected start of haemodialysis to allow for sufficient maturation. Second and third choice accesses are arteriovenous grafts (AVG) and central venous catheters (CVC). Ultrasound is a reliable tool for vessel selection before access creation, and also for the diagnosis of complications in AVF and grafts. Access stenosis and thrombosis can be treated surgically and interventionally. The comparison of both methods reveals advantages and disadvantages for each. The therapeutic decision should be based on the individual patients’ constitution, and also on the availability and experience of the involved specialists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document