scholarly journals Implications of Antimicrobial Combinations in Complex Wound Biofilms Containing Fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Townsend ◽  
Leighann Sherry ◽  
Ryan Kean ◽  
Donald Hansom ◽  
William G. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Complex Wound ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Wound Biofilms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antimicrobial Combinations

ABSTRACT Diabetic foot ulcer treatment currently focuses on targeting bacterial biofilms, while dismissing fungi. To investigate this, we used an in vitro biofilm model containing bacteria and fungi, reflective of the wound environment, to test the impact of antimicrobials. Here we showed that while monotreatment approaches influenced biofilm composition, this had no discernible effect on overall quantity. Only by combining bacterium- and fungus-specific antibiotics were we able to decrease the biofilm bioburden, irrespective of composition.

scholarly journals Relevance of Biofilm Models in Periodontal Research: From Static to Dynamic Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Andrea Alonso-Español ◽  
Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal ◽  
Bettina Alonso ◽  
David Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
The Impact

Microbial biofilm modeling has improved in sophistication and scope, although only a limited number of standardized protocols are available. This review presents an example of a biofilm model, along with its evolution and application in studying periodontal and peri-implant diseases. In 2011, the ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) research group at the University Complutense of Madrid developed an in vitro biofilm static model using representative bacteria from the subgingival microbiota, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to in vivo subgingival biofilms. When the model and its methodology were standardized, the ETEP research group employed the validated in vitro biofilm model for testing in different applications. The evolution of this model is described in this manuscript, from the mere observation of biofilm growth and maturation on static models on hydroxyapatite or titanium discs, to the evaluation of the impact of dental implant surface composition and micro-structure using the dynamic biofilm model. This evolution was based on reproducing the ideal microenvironmental conditions for bacterial growth within a bioreactor and reaching the target surfaces using the fluid dynamics mimicking the salivary flow. The development of this relevant biofilm model has become a powerful tool to study the essential processes that regulate the formation and maturation of these important microbial communities, as well as their behavior when exposed to different antimicrobial compounds.

Valsartan solid lipid nanoparticles integrated hydrogel: A challenging repurposed use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, in-vitro/in-vivo experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 592 ◽  
pp. 120091
Author(s):  
Noha S. El-Salamouni ◽  
Mennatallah A. Gowayed ◽  
Nevine L. Seiffein ◽  
Rehab A. Abdel- Moneim ◽  
Maher A. Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Solid Lipid

scholarly journals Artificial, Triple-Layered, Nanomembranous Wound Patch for Potential Diabetic Foot Ulcer Intervention

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mabrouk ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara ◽  
Lisa C. du Toit ◽  
Viness Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Patch Quality ◽  
Moisture Uptake

The present work aims to electrospin a triple layered wound patch for potential treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The patch consisted of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the skin contacting layer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the middle layer, and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the outermost layer, wherein the PVP layer was loaded in situ with an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, CFX). Morphology and mechanical properties were investigated using SEM and texture analysis. Patch quality was studied with regards to wettability, adherence, water resistance, and moisture uptake of individual layers. SEM results confirmed the fibrous and membranous nature of layers with a nano-to-micro size range. Mechanical properties of the composite patch demonstrated a tensile strength of 12.8 ± 0.5 MPa, deformation energy of 54.35 ± 0.1 J/m3, and resilience of 17.8 ± 0.7%, which were superior compared to individual layers. Patch quality tests revealed that the PCL layer showed very low wettability, adherence, and moisture uptake compared to the PVP and PAA layers. In vitro drug release data revealed an increase in cumulative drug release with higher drug loading. The results above confirm the potential of a triple layered, tripolymeric, wound patch for DFU intervention.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic Impact of Bacterial–Fungal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Nogueira ◽  
Shirin Sharghi ◽  
Karl Kuchler ◽  
Thomas Lion
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Fungal Interactions ◽  
The Impact

Polymicrobial infections are of paramount importance because of the potential severity of clinical manifestations, often associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial treatment. The intricate interplay with the host and the immune system, and the impact on microbiome imbalance, are of importance in this context. The equilibrium of microbiota in the human host is critical for preventing potential dysbiosis and the ensuing development of disease. Bacteria and fungi can communicate via signaling molecules, and produce metabolites and toxins capable of modulating the immune response or altering the efficacy of treatment. Most of the bacterial–fungal interactions described to date focus on the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans and different bacteria. In this review, we discuss more than twenty different bacterial–fungal interactions involving several clinically important human pathogens. The interactions, which can be synergistic or antagonistic, both in vitro and in vivo, are addressed with a focus on the quorum-sensing molecules produced, the response of the immune system, and the impact on clinical outcome.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibiotic Capacity of Two Host Defense Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Arenas ◽  
Marco Antonio Ibarra ◽  
Felix L. Santana ◽  
Elba Villegas ◽  
Robert E. W. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Infective Activity

ABSTRACT Two nonamidated host defense peptides named Pin2[G] and FA1 were evaluated against three types of pathogenic bacteria: two (Staphylococcus aureus UPD13 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPD3) isolated from diabetic foot ulcer patients, and another (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium [ATCC 14028]) from a commercial collection. In vitro experiments showed that the antimicrobial performance of the synthetic peptides Pin2[G] and FA1 was modest, although FA1 was more effective than Pin2[G]. In contrast, Pin2[G] had superior in vivo anti-infective activity to FA1 in rabbit wound infections by the diabetic foot ulcer pathogens S. aureus UPD13 and P. aeruginosa UPD3. Indeed, Pin2[G] reduced bacterial colony counts of both S. aureus UPD13 and P. aeruginosa UPD3 by >100,000-fold after 48 to 72 h on skin wounds of infected rabbits, while in similar infected wounds, FA1 had no major effects at 72 to 96 h of treatment. Ceftriaxone was equally effective versus Pseudomonas but less effective versus S. aureus infections. Additionally, the two peptides were evaluated in mice against intragastrically inoculated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). Only Pin2[G] at 0.56 mg/kg was effective in reducing systemic (liver) infection by >67-fold, equivalent to the effect of treatment with levofloxacin. Pin2[G] showed superior immunomodulatory activity in increasing chemokine production by a human bronchial cell line and suppressing polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C])-induced proinflammatory IL-6 production. These data showed that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these peptides was not correlated with their in vivo anti-infective activity and suggest that other factors such as immunomodulatory activity were more important.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on People with Diabetes in Indonesia: A Cross Sectional National Scale Web-Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Kshanti ◽  
Marina Epriliawati ◽  
Md Ikhsan Mokoagow ◽  
Jerry Nasarudin ◽  
Nadya Magfira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the country with the 7th largest number of People with Diabetes (PWD) in the world, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Large Social Scale Restriction (LSSR) policy taken by the Indonesian government to reduce the number of COVID-19 transmissions is estimated to interfere diabetes management and will increase the incidence of diabetes complications. This study aims to determine the difficulties of diabetes management and its impact on diabetes morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.MethodologyThis study is a cross-sectional study using a national scale web survey. This research was conducted in Indonesia enrolling 1,124 PWD aged 18 years or older. Diabetes complications are defined as any incidence of hypoglycaemia, or Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU), or hospital admission experienced by PWD in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlation between diabetes management difficulties and diabetes-related complications was measured using a modified cox regression test.ResultsDiabetes management difficulties were experienced by 69.8% of PWD in Indonesia. The difficulties include attending diabetes consultation 30.1%, access to diabetes medication 12.4%, checking blood sugar levels 9.5%, controlling diet 23.8%, and performing regular exercise 36.5%. Diabetes-related complications occurred in 24.6% of subjects. Those who had diabetes management difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic are prone to have diabetes complications by 1.4 times greater (PR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09-1.83) than those who did not.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic and LSSR have a substantial impact on diabetes management and indirectly increased diabetes morbidity in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Depression in diabetic foot ulcer: Associated factors and the impact of perceived social support and anxiety on depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-909
Author(s):  
Maria Polikandrioti ◽  
Georgios Vasilopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Koutelekos ◽  
Georgios Panoutsopoulos ◽  
Georgia Gerogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Not Only Antimicrobial: Metronidazole Mitigates the Virulence of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Macerated Diabetic Foot Ulcer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6847
Author(s):  
Ahdab N. Khayyat ◽  
Hisham A. Abbas ◽  
Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed ◽  
Hani Z. Asfour ◽  
Maan T. Khayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcers are recognized to be a severe complication of diabetes, increasing the risk of amputation and death. The bacterial infection of Diabetic foot ulcers with virulent and resistant bacteria as Proteus mirabilis greatly worsens the wound and may not be treated with conventional therapeutics. Developing new approaches to target bacterial virulence can be helpful to conquer such infections. In the current work, we evaluated the anti-virulence activities of the widely used antibacterial metronidazole. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MEBC) were determined for selected antibiotics which P. mirabilis was resistant to them in the presence and absence of metronidazole in sub-MIC. The effect of metronidazole in sub-MIC on P. mirabilis virulence factors as production of exoenzymes, motilities, adhesion and biofilm formation, were evaluated. Furthermore, molecular docking of metronidazole into P. mirabilis adhesion and essential quorum sensing (QS) proteins, was performed. The results revealed a significant ability of metronidazole to in-vitro inhibit P. mirabilis virulence factors and antagonize its essential proteins. Moreover, metronidazole markedly decreased the MICs and MBECs of tested antibiotics. Conclusively, metronidazole in sub-MIC is a plausible anti-virulence and anti-QS agent that can be combined to other antibiotics as anti-virulence adjuvant to defeat aggressive infections.

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