Exploration of the Pharmacodynamics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Eradication by Tobramycin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Sindeldecker ◽  
Shaurya Prakash ◽  
Paul Stoodley
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen which is involved in numerous infections. It is of growing concern within the field of antibiotic resistant and tolerance and often exhibits multi-drug resistance. Previous studies have shown the emergence of antibiotic resistant and tolerant variants within the zone of clearance of a biofilm lawn after exposure to aminoglycosides. As concerning as the tolerant variant emergence is, there was also a zone of killing (ZOK) immediately surrounding the antibiotic source from which no detectable bacteria emerged or were cultured. In this study, the ZOK was analyzed using both in vitro and in silico methods to determine if there was a consistent antibiotic concentration versus time constraint (area under the curve, (AUC)) which is able to completely kill all bacteria in the lawn biofilms in our in vitro model. Our studies revealed that by achieving an average AUC of 4,372.5 μg*hr/mL, complete eradication of biofilms grown on both agar and hydroxyapatite was possible. These findings show that appropriate antibiotic concentrations and treatment duration may be able to treat antibiotic resistant and tolerant biofilm infections.

scholarly journals Influence of biofilm growth age, media, antibiotic concentration and exposure time on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm removal in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Trine Rolighed Thomsen ◽  
Heinz Winkler ◽  
Yijuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Abstract Background: Biofilm is known to be tolerant towards antibiotics and difficult to eradicate. Numerous studies have reported Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) values of antibiotics for many known biofilm pathogens. However, the experimental parameters applied in these studies differ considerably, and often the rationale behind the experimental design are not well described. This makes it difficult to compare the findings. To demonstrate the importance of experimental parameters, we investigated the influence of biofilm growth age, antibiotic concentration and treatment duration, and growth media on biofilm eradication. Additionally, OSTEOmycinTM, a clinically used antibiotic containing allograft bone product, was tested for antibiofilm efficacy. Results: The commonly used Calgary biofilm device was used to grow 24 h and 72 h biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were treated with time-dependent vancomycin (up to 3000 mg/L) and concentration-dependent tobramycin (up to 80 mg/L), respectively. Two common bacteriological growth media Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and Cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth (CaMHB) were tested. We found for both species that biofilms were more difficult to kill in TSB than in CaMHB. Furthermore, young biofilms (24 h) were easier to eradicate than old biofilms (72 h). In agreement with vancomycin being time-dependent, extension of the vancomycin exposure increased killing of S. aureus biofilms. Tobramycin treatment of 24 h P. aeruginosa biofilms was found concentration-dependent and time-independent, however, increasing killing was indicated for 72 h P. aeruginosa biofilms. Treatment with tobramycin containing OSTEOmycin TTM removed 72 h and 168 h P. aeruginosa biofilms after one day treatment, while few 72h S. aureus biofilms survived after two days treatment with vancomycin containing OSTEOmycin VTM. Conclusions: This study demonstrated biofilm removal efficacy was influenced by media, biofilm age and antibiotic concentration and treatment duration. It is therefore necessary to taking these parameters into consideration when designing experiments. The results of OSTEOmycin products indicated that simple in vitro biofilm test could be used for initial screening of antibiofilm products. For clinical application, a more clinically relevant biofilm model for the specific biofilm infection in question should be developed to guide the amount of antibiotics used for local antibiofilm treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of biofilm growth age, media, antibiotic concentration and exposure time on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm removal in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Trine Rolighed Thomsen ◽  
Heinz Winkler ◽  
Yijuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Abstract Background: Biofilm is known to be tolerant towards antibiotics and difficult to eradicate. Numerous studies have reported minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values of antibiotics for many known biofilm pathogens. However, the experimental parameters applied in these studies differ considerably, and often the rationale behind the experimental design are not well described. This makes it difficult to compare the findings. To demonstrate the importance of experimental parameters, we investigated the influence of biofilm growth age, antibiotic concentration and treatment duration, and growth media on biofilm eradication. Additionally, OSTEOmycinTM, a clinically used antibiotic containing allograft bone product, was tested for antibiofilm efficacy. Results: The commonly used Calgary biofilm device was used to grow 24 h and 72 h biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were treated with time-dependent vancomycin (up to 3000 mg L-1) and concentration-dependent tobramycin (up to 80 mg L-1), respectively. Two common bacteriological growth media tryptic soy broth (TSB) and cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CaMHB) were tested. We found for both species that biofilms were more difficult to kill in TSB than in CaMHB. Furthermore, young biofilms (24 h) were easier to eradicate than old biofilms (72 h). In agreement with vancomycin being time-dependent, extension of the vancomycin exposure increased killing of S. aureus biofilms. Tobramycin treatment of 24 h P. aeruginosa biofilms was found concentration-dependent and time-independent, however, increasing killing was indicated for 72 h P. aeruginosa biofilms. Treatment with tobramycin containing OSTEOmycin TTM removed 72 h and 168 h P. aeruginosa biofilms after one day treatment, while few 72h S. aureus biofilms survived after two days treatment with vancomycin containing OSTEOmycin VTM. Conclusions: This study demonstrated biofilm removal efficacy was influenced by media, biofilm age and antibiotic concentration and treatment duration. It is therefore necessary to taking these parameters into consideration when designing experiments. The results of OSTEOmycinTM products indicated that simple in vitro biofilm test could be used for initial screening of antibiofilm products. For clinical application, a more clinically relevant biofilm model for the specific biofilm infection in question should be developed to guide the amount of antibiotics used for local antibiofilm treatment.

scholarly journals Traditional Chinese Medicine is an Alternative Therapeutic Option for Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Pang ◽  
Qingjun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals, and it is a leading cause of nosocomial infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is challenging due to the antibiotic resistance to most of the conventional antibiotics. Development of alternative therapeutic options is urgently demanded for the patients who have antibiotic-resistant infections. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a clinical history of thousands of years for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in China, taking advantages of improving clinical outcomes, producing less side effects, inhibiting pathogen, and modulating host immunity. Recent research has revealed a variety of natural products derived from TCM showing significant antimicrobial effects on antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa alone or combined with antibiotics in vitro or in animal models, suggesting that TCM is a promising complementary and alternative therapeutic approach for treatment of chronic P. aeruginosa infections. This review summarizes the recent findings attempting to dissect the mechanisms of TCM combating P. aeruginosa infections and highlights the molecular targets of TCM on P. aeruginosa and host.

scholarly journals Antibiotic profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from pus sample of rural tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra, Loni, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita A., Raytekar, ◽  
Meghna R. Choudhari ◽  
Sonali Das
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) considered as an opportunistic pathogen which can be isolated from various kinds of infection. The risk of emergence of antibiotic resistance is based on different antibiotic treatments. Antibiotic resistance and flexibility to adapt changing environment renders the pathogens a matter of concern in hospital acquired infections. Changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance pose challenge in treating pyogenic infections, hence periodical monitoring of bacterial profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is important. This study deals with the infectious and drug resistance nature of P. aeruginosa with effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against it.Methods: Present study was conducted in Centre for Biotechnology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India. A total of 763 pus samples were received in the bacteriology section of department of microbiology, rural medical college, Loni from the various wards of Pravara Rural Hospital. The colonial morphology and identification was done as per standard microbiology procedures. Antibiogram testing was done as per Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 763 pus samples 154 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa thus showing 20.19% prevalence. In this study, it was observed that isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (76.63%) followed by Amikacin. However, showed 90.90 % resistant to Cefazolin followed by Co-trimoxazole 75.97% was observed. Multi drug resistance (MDR) strain 68.83% (N=106) was detected from 154 isolates strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prevalent resistance pattern was found to be GENr, AKr, CAZr, CZr, COTr for 10 (9.43%) isolates followed by GENr, CAZr, CZr, MRPr, COTr, CIPr for 9 (8.49%) isolates.Conclusions: Present study focused on antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa from pus sample. This study contributes in understanding the emergence of MDR strains which can be considered for judicial usage of antibiotics in hospital settings. 

The In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Water Leaf Extract of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Ekajayanti Kining ◽  
Syamsul Falah ◽  
Novik Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of opportunistic pathogen forming bacterial biofilm. The biofilm sustains the bacterial survival and infections. This study aimed to assess the activity of water extract of papaya leaves on inhibition of cells attachment, growth and degradation of the biofilm using crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay. Research results showed that water extract of papaya leaves contains alkaloids, tanins, flavonoids, and steroids/terpenoids and showed antibacterial activity and antibiofilm against P. aeruginosa. Addition of extract can inhibit the cell attachment and was able to degrade the biofilm of 40.92% and 48.058% respectively at optimum conditions: extract concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature 37.5 °C and contact time 45 minutes. With a concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature of 50 °C and the contact time of 3 days, extract of papaya leaves can inhibit the growth of biofilms of 39.837% v/v.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098774
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Zou ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ruiwei Guo ◽  
Yu Tang ◽  
Zhengrong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Combination

The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.

Role of pili in adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mammalian buccal epithelial cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1146-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Woods ◽  
D C Straus ◽  
W G Johanson ◽  
V K Berry ◽  
J A Bass
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Heterologous Antiserum ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients

Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms to the upper respiratory epithelium of seriously ill patients in vitro is correlated with subsequent colonization of the respiratory tract by this opportunistic pathogen. The role of pili in the attachment to epithelial cells of P. aeruginosa was studied in an in vitro system employing human buccal epithelial cells and P. aeruginosa pretreated by various means. Pretreatment of the bacteria with proteases, heat, or Formalin caused a significant decrease in adherence. A decrease when compared with controls was also noted in the adherence of P. aeruginosa organisms to buccal epithelial cells preincubated with purified pili prepared from the strain used for adherence testing; however, pili prepared from a heterologous strain failed to block adherence. Similar results were obtained in serological studies when antisera to purified pili prepared from the strain used for adherence testing decreased adherence, whereas heterologous antiserum to pili did not decrease adherence. From these results it appears that pili mediate the adherence of P. aeruginosa organisms to human buccal epithelial cells.

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