scholarly journals Abnormal Weight Gain and Gut Microbiota Modifications Are Side Effects of Long-Term Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3342-3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Angelakis ◽  
Matthieu Million ◽  
Sallah Kankoe ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lagier ◽  
Fabrice Armougom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTDoxycycline has been proposed for the treatment of malnourished children in developing countries, and its use has been associated with weight gain in healthy volunteers. No previous studies have assessed abnormal weight gain as a putative side effect of long-term doxycycline treatment; thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize this phenomenon. We also analyzed the role of the gut microbiota in this effect. We assessed changes in the body mass index in Q fever endocarditis patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine and healthy individuals with no antibiotic treatment. Abnormal weight gain was defined as a gain in weight above that of the controls. The fecal samples were examined using molecular assays forMethanobrevibacter smithii,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus,Lactobacillus reuteri, and total bacterial concentrations. We examined 82 patients, including 48 patients with Q fever endocarditis and 34 controls. Approximately 23% of the treated patients showed abnormal weight gain (P= 0.001). Patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine presented significantly lower concentrations ofBacteroidetes(P= 0.002),Firmicutes(P= 0.01), andLactobacillus(P= 0.02). The linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of treatment was significantly associated with a decrease inBacteroidetes(P= 0.0001),Firmicutes(P= 0.002), and total bacteria (P< 0.00001). Abnormal weight gain is a side effect of long-term doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine treatment. Gut microbiota modifications at the phylum level could play an instrumental role in this effect. We highlight the need for specific nutritional care in patients undergoing long-term antibiotic treatment, particularly treatment involving the use of doxycycline.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals the Incomplete, Short-Term Recovery of Infant Gut Microbiota following Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment with Ampicillin and Gentamicin

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5811-5820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Fouhy ◽  
Caitriona M. Guinane ◽  
Seamus Hussey ◽  
Rebecca Wall ◽  
C. Anthony Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

ABSTRACTThe infant gut microbiota undergoes dramatic changes during the first 2 years of life. The acquisition and development of this population can be influenced by numerous factors, and antibiotic treatment has been suggested as one of the most significant. Despite this, however, there have been relatively few studies which have investigated the short-term recovery of the infant gut microbiota following antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing (employing both 16S rRNA andrpoB-specific primers) and quantitative PCR to compare the gut microbiota of nine infants who underwent parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin (within 48 h of birth), 4 and 8 weeks after the conclusion of treatment, relative to that of nine matched healthy controls. The investigation revealed that the gut microbiota of the antibiotic-treated infants had significantly higher proportions ofProteobacteria(P= 0.0049) and significantly lower proportions ofActinobacteria(P= 0.00001) (and the associated genusBifidobacterium[P= 0.0132]) as well as the genusLactobacillus(P= 0.0182) than the untreated controls 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment. By week 8, theProteobacterialevels remained significantly higher in the treated infants (P= 0.0049), but theActinobacteria,Bifidobacterium, andLactobacilluslevels had recovered and were similar to those in the control samples. Despite this recovery of totalBifidobacteriumnumbers,rpoB-targeted pyrosequencing revealed that the number of differentBifidobacteriumspecies present in the antibiotic-treated infants was reduced. It is thus apparent that the combined use of ampicillin and gentamicin in early life can have significant effects on the evolution of the infant gut microbiota, the long-term health implications of which remain unknown.

Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 administration on the recovery of gut microbiota after short-term ceftriaxone exposure in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-509
Author(s):  
R. Cheng ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
Z. Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, faecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice. Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, faecal total bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and faecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the faecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, faecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased α- and β-diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make faecal microbiota was very much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice supplemented with PC170 during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. The selected strain PC170 might be a potential probiotic because of its contributions in helping the host animal to remodel or stabilise its gut microbiome and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy when it was administered in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment.

Are jacks-of-all-trades successful entrepreneurs? Revisiting Lazear's theory of entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-430
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kurczewska ◽  
Michał Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
A Company

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify human capital factors that pertain both to setting up and successfully running a business. To achieve this objective, the authors apply and extend the theory of career choice offered by Lazear (2005) that explains individual selection into entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors hypothesise that individuals with broader educational and professional backgrounds are more likely to start a business and are more likely to run a business in the long term. The authors tested the hypotheses using unique data from 800 current entrepreneurs, 800 employees who were previously entrepreneurs and 842 employees with no entrepreneurial experience, by means of a logit regression with robust standard errors and extensive robustness checks.FindingsThe authors empirically show that individuals with more diverse educational and professional backgrounds tend to have both greater chances of starting a company, as well as a higher probability of entrepreneurial success. Surprisingly, having managerial experience proved to exert a negative influence on the likelihood of starting a business while having an insignificant impact on the odds of entrepreneurial success.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are informative for those planning or pursuing an entrepreneurial career, but they are also relevant for the purpose of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe author's extend the body of research supporting Lazear's (2005) theory by showing that broad education and professional experience not only contribute to a higher propensity to start a company but they are also success factors in business per se.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Hydrogen Intervention on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microbiome of Rats in Health Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Yang Yi ◽  
Zi-Jia Liu ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract The potential for preventive and therapeutic applications of H2 have now been confirmed in various disease. However, the effects of H2 on health status have not been fully elucidated. Our previous study reported changes in the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters during the six-month hydrogen intervention. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term hydrogen consumption, the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Compared with the control group, 14 and 10 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and hydrogen inhalation (HI) group, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HRW intake mainly affected starch and sucrose metabolism, and DMs in HI group were mainly enriched in arginine biosynthesis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HRW intake induced significant changes in the structure of gut microbiota, while no marked bacterial community differences was observed in HI group. HRW intake mainly induced significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Clostridium XI, and decrease in Bacteroides. HI mainly induced decreased abundances of Blautia and Paraprevotella. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on hydrogen medicine. Determination of the effects of hydrogen intervention on microbiota profiles could also shed light on identification of mechanism underlying the biological effects of molecular hydrogen.

White tea drink (Camellia sinensis) improves endurance and body weight maintenance of rats

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Aditya Rifqi ◽  
Stefania Widya Setyaningtyas ◽  
Qonita Rachmah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White Tea ◽  
Significant Difference

PurposeWhite tea is an unfermented tea made from young shoots of Camellia sinensis protected from sunlight to avoid polyphenol degradation. White tea contains a high level of polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. Several types of evidence have suggested that tea consumption has benefits in body weight and endurance maintenance. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of white tea on body weight and endurance of animal models.Design/methodology/approachThis research was an intervention design using 20 Wistar white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) in body weight between 150 and 200 g. The rats were randomized into four groups, three groups receiving white tea drink (WTD) with different doses and the other group receiving plain water in equal volume as a control group for four weeks. The forced swim test (FST) was done to measure their struggling capacity, and digital bodyweight to measure the weight.FindingsIntervention (WTD Groups and Control) caused weight gain among except G3 with the highest doses of white tea. The result showed that WTD intake in G3 had a significant difference (p < 0.05) on body weight gain compared to control. The authors found that WTD in a specific dose (G3: 0.22 mg) tends to maintain the body weight of animals (219.2 ± 41.96; 212.6 ± 46.90, respectively), while other doses caused weight gain. WTD also significantly increased the swimming and struggling capacity of rats that represented improvements the endurance along with the test. There was a statistically significant difference in endurance among all groups (p < 0.05).Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study can be followed as human intervention research as an input for nutritionists and sports scientists to explore the beneficial effect of white tea.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be followed as human intervention research as an input for nutritionists and sports scientists to explore the beneficial effect of white tea.Originality/valueThis study adds more evidence and information about the advantages of white tea as potential beverages in future healthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline L. J. Karlsson ◽  
Göran Molin ◽  
Frida Fåk ◽  
Marie-Louise Johansson Hagslätt ◽  
Maja Jakesevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy-dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichiacoli (Ec), on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother's dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, dietary regimens started with the dams at pregnancy and throughout lactation and continued with the offspring for 6 months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than that of groups C (control) and Ec (P = 0·086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P = 0·030) and higher plasma leptin (P = 0·035) were observed in group Ec compared with group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P = 0·019), and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r 0·428, P = 0·029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P ≤ 0·05) and Lp (P ≤ 0·05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P = 0·036) and Ec (P = 0·056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. The present results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.

The antecedents of relational capital in key exporter-importer relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Miocevic
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Body ◽  
Institutional Distance ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Relational Exchange ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relational Norms

Purpose – During their process of going international, small and medium-sized manufacturing firms seek to establish long-term relationships with key importers in order to minimize the risks of doing business in a foreign market. In the process of establishing long-term relationships, exporters aim to create relational capital with key importers. Yet, the body of international marketing literature that addresses the importance of relational capital in exporter-importer (E-I) relationships is still underdeveloped. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of relational norms on relational capital in key E-I relationships under the moderating influence of formal and informal institutional distance. The study’s conceptual framework was developed by integrating relational exchange and institutional theories. Design/methodology/approach – The study was carried out by using a survey methodology. Data were obtained by questionnaire from a sample of 122 small and medium-sized exporters from the manufacturing industry in Croatia. In order to test the hypotheses, the ordinary least squares technique was employed. Findings – The findings support the hypotheses, implying that the development of relational capital requires relational efforts in terms of reliance and relational bonding norms. Additionally, the empirical data suggest that the dimensions of formal and informal institutional distance significantly moderate the relationships between relational norms and relational capital. Originality/value – The value-added of this study is embedded within the theoretical framing and empirical testing of the antecedents of relational capital in key E-I relationships in the context of the institutional distance between partners, which has been neglected by previous studies in the field.

Conceptualizing the body and the logics of performing

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-371
Author(s):  
Deryk Stec
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Art Music ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Performance Teams

Purpose This paper aims to examine how residues of ancient images have influenced one’s perspectives on management. Increased attention has been given to the absence of bodies within discussions of organisations; however, far less attention has been given to the interplay between organisations and images of one’s body. Design/methodology/approach By comparing the perceived benefits of studying sport (e.g. passion, embodiment and action) with the tensions that existed between athletic performances and an ancient image of the body, this paper draws attention to residuals that exist within discussions of organisations. Findings In a context where an image of the body encouraged moderation, the appropriate levels of heat, and the development of an immaterial and eternal soul, athletic performances, which were physical, extreme, focused on the body and generated excessive heat, were often problematic. These problems are then examined within the literature discussing current issues in management. Research limitations/implications Sport has the potential to facilitate one’s understanding of issues that management, consistent with ancient images of the body, has traditionally neglected (i.e. extremes, passion) and the possibilities of using embodied cognition to enhance our understandings of performance, teams and leading are discussed. Social implications As scientists become increasingly concerned about the long-term consequences of the reduced opportunities for cultural programs (sport, art, music, etc.), revisiting one’s assumptions is increasingly important, especially as athletics and philosophy once shared the same physical space. Originality/value By describing how residues from historical images of the body have influenced the thinking about organizing, this paper highlights the connection between the social and the biological and demonstrates how vestiges from the past influence contemporary discussions.

scholarly journals Neurotransmitter System-Targeting Drugs Antagonize Growth of the Q Fever Agent, Coxiella burnetii, in Human Cells

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa S. Fullerton ◽  
Punsiri M. Colonne ◽  
Amanda L. Dragan ◽  
Katelynn R. Brann ◽  
Richard C. Kurten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Neurotransmitter System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fatal Infection

Coxiella burnetii causes the debilitating disease Q fever in humans. This infection is difficult to treat with current antibiotics and can progress to long-term, potentially fatal infection in immunocompromised individuals or when treatment is delayed.

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