scholarly journals Maternal Soluble Fiber Diet during Pregnancy Changes the Intestinal Microbiota, Improves Growth Performance, and Reduces Intestinal Permeability in Piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Xiaowei Xie ◽  
Siwen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Suckling Piglets

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence suggests that maternal diet during pregnancy modifies an offspring's microbiota composition and intestinal development in a long-term manner. However, the effects of maternal soluble fiber diet during pregnancy on growth traits and the developing intestine are still underexplored. Sows were allocated to either a control or 2.0% pregelatinized waxy maize starch plus guar gum (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. Growth performance, diarrhea incidence, gut microbiota composition and metabolism, and gut permeability and inflammation status of 14-day-old suckling piglets were analyzed. The maternal SF diet improved the growth rate and decreased the incidence of diarrhea in the piglets. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiota composition was altered by a maternal SF diet. The fecal and plasma levels of acetate and butyrate were also increased. Furthermore, a maternal SF diet reduced the levels of plasma zonulin and fecal lipocalin-2 but increased the plasma concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Additionally, the increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus spp. in SF piglets were positively correlated with growth rate, while the decreased abundances of Bilophila spp. were positively correlated with fecal lipocalin-2 levels. Our data reveal that a maternal SF diet during pregnancy has remarkable effects on an offspring's growth traits and intestinal permeability and inflammation, perhaps by modulating the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Although the direct effects of dietary soluble fiber on gut microbiota have been extensively studied, the more indirect effects of maternal nutrition solely during pregnancy on the development of the offspring's intestine are until now largely unexplored. Our data show that a maternal soluble fiber diet during pregnancy is independently associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism of suckling piglets. These findings have direct implications for refining dietary recommendations in pregnancy. Moreover, a maternal soluble fiber diet reduces intestinal permeability and prevents intestinal inflammation and an excessive systemic immune response of suckling piglets. Therefore, the suckling piglets' resistance to disease was enhanced, diarrhea was reduced, and weight gain was raised. Additionally, the changes in gut microbiota in response to a maternal soluble fiber diet may also be directly correlated with the offspring's growth and gut development.

Dietary methionine restriction improves the gut microbiota and reduces intestinal permeability and inflammation in high-fat-fed mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5952-5968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Yang ◽  
Yuanhong Zhang ◽  
Yuncong Xu ◽  
Tingyu Luo ◽  
Yueting Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Methionine Restriction

Dietary methionine restriction improved the intestinal microbiota composition, barrier function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in high-fat-fed mice.

scholarly journals 370 Dietary soluble fiber increases the intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria, reduces intestinal permeability, and improves metabolic syndrome in sows during perinatal period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract In humans, metabolic and immune changes during the perinatal period also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women. Gut microbiota modulations caused by pregnancy nutrition constitute an interesting target in the metabolic status of pregnant individual. However, studies investigating the changes of the metabolic characteristics and gut microbiota in sows throughout pregnancy and lactation are lacking, and the effects of soluble fiber diet during pregnancy on them are still underexplored. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% pregelatinized waxy maize starch plus guar gum (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The metabolic characteristics, gut permeability and inflammation status, and gut microbiota composition and metabolism of sows during pregnancy and lactation were analysed. The plasma levels of hs-CRP and HOMA-IR values were increased in days 109 of gestation (G109) and days 3 of lactation (L3), while dietary SF reduced plasma hs-CRP concentrations and the HOMA-IR values. The levels of plasma zonulin and fecal endotoxin and lipocalin-2 were increased in G109 and L3, while dietary SF reduced elevation of plasma zonulin and endotoxin and fecal lipocalin-2. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that dietary SF increased levels of butyrate-producing Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Oscillospira. The fecal and plasma levels of butyrate were also increased. Additionally, the increased relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae in SF sows negatively correlated with plasma hs-CRP and HOMA-IR while Oscillospira was negatively fecal lipocalin-2. Our data reveal that the sow exhibits a metabolic syndrome and dramatical changes in gut microbiota during perinatal period. Besides, dietary SF has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, intestinal permeability and inflammation maybe via increasing butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate production.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity: case–control study protocol (MIVAS study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e038933
Author(s):  
Rita Salvado ◽  
Sandra Santos-Minguez ◽  
Cristina Agudo-Conde ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
Angela Cabo-Laso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionIntestinal microbiota is arising as a new element in the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy microbiota includes a balanced representation of bacteria with health promotion functions (symbiotes). The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and arterial stiffness.Methods and analysisAn observational case—control study will be developed. Cases will be defined by the presence of at least one of the following: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba or ba-PWV) above the 90th percentile, for age and sex, of the reference population. Controls will be selected from the same population as cases. The study will be developed in Primary Healthcare Centres. We will select 500 subjects (250 cases and 250 controls), between 45 and 74 years of age. Cases will be selected from a database that combines data from EVA study (Spain) and Guimarães/Vizela study (Portugal). Measurements: cf-PWV will be measured using the SphygmoCor system, CAVI, ba-PWV and Ankle-Brachial Index will be determined using VaSera device. Gut microbiome composition in faecal samples will be determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Lifestyle will be assessed by food frequency questionnaire, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Body composition will be evaluated by bioimpedance.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by ‘Committee of ethics of research with medicines of the health area of Salamanca’ on 14 December 2018 (cod. 2018-11-136) and the ’Ethics committee for health of Guimaraes’ (Portugal) on 15 October 2019 (ref: 67/2019). All study participants will sign an informed consent form agreeing to participate in the study, in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. The results of this study will allow a better description of gut microbiota in patients with arterial stiffness.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03900338

Fortification of tempeh with encapsulated iron improves iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Jati Kusuma ◽  
Aviria Ermamilia
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Purpose Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most major micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Food fortification is one strategy for reducing IDA in the population despite concern regarding the gut pathogenic bacteria overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron encapsulation in banana peel matrix on iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia. Design/methodology/approach Anemia was induced in 35 male Sprague Dawley rats of age two weeks by the administration of iron-free diet for two weeks. Rats then randomly divided into control, iron-fortified tempeh (temFe) dose 10 and 20 ppm, iron matrix-fortified tempeh dose 10 and 20 ppm and iron matrix fortified tempeh dose 10 and 20 ppm with probiotic mixture. Blood was drawn at Weeks 2 and 6 for hemoglobin and serum iron analysis. Rats were sacrificed at the end of Week 6, and cecal contents were collected for Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria and Enterobactericeae analysis. Findings Hemoglobin and serum iron were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all iron-fortified group with the highest value found in iron matrix dose 20 ppm (10.71 ± 0.15 g/dl and 335.83 ± 2.17 µg/dl, respectively). The cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria did not differ significantly between groups. Cecal Enterobactericeae was significantly different (p < 0.05) among groups with the lowest level in the temFe-20 (2.65 ± 0.78 log CFU) group. Research limitations/implications The use of commercial inoculum instead of pure Rhizopus oligosporus mold for developing the fortified tempeh may impact the effect of product on cecal gut microbiota composition, as different molds and lactic acid bacteria can grow in tempeh when using commercial inoculum. Social implications In Indonesia, iron fortification is conducted primarily in noodles and flour that limits the impact of iron fortification for reducing IDA in population. Iron fortification in food that was daily consumed by people, that is, tempeh, is potential strategy in reducing IDA in population. Originality/value Tempeh fortification using encapsulated iron improved iron status and gut microbiota composition in iron deficiency anemia.

Particle Radiation Side-Effects: Intestinal Microbiota Composition Shapes Interferon-γ-Induced Osteo-Immunogenicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Maier ◽  
Paul M Ruegger ◽  
Julia Deutschmann ◽  
Thomas H. Helbich ◽  
Peter Pietschmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Radiation Induced

Microbiota can both negatively and positively impact radiation-induced bone loss. Our prior research showed that compared to mice with conventional gut microbiota (CM), mice with restricted gut microbiota (RM) reduced inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in bone marrow, interleukin (IL)-17 in blood, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in bone marrow under anti-IL-17 treatment. We showed that Muribaculum intestinale was more abundant in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from the small intestine of female RM mice and positively associated with augmented skeletal bone structure. Female C57BL/6J pun RM mice, which were injected with anti-IL-17 antibody one day before exposure to 1.5 Gy 28Si ions of 850 MeV/u, showed high trabecular numbers in tibiae at 6 weeks postirradiation. Irradiated CM mice were investigated for lower interferon-γ and IL-17 levels in the small intestine than RM mice. IL-17 blockage resulted in bacterial indicator phylotypes being different between both microbiota groups before and after irradiation. Analysis of the fecal bacteria were performed in relation to bone quality and body weight, showing reduced tibia cortical thickness in irradiated CM mice (–15%) vs. irradiated RM mice (–9.2%). Correlation analyses identified relationships among trabecular bone parameters (TRI-BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp) and Bacteroides massiliensis, Muribaculum sp. and Prevotella denticola. Turicibacter sp. was found directly correlated with trabecular separation in anti-IL-17 treated mice, whereas an unidentified Bacteroidetes correlated with trabecular thickness in anti-IL-17 neutralized and radiation-exposed mice. We demonstrated radiation-induced osteolytic damage to correlate with bacterial indicator phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota composition, and these relationships were determined from the previously discovered dose-dependent particle radiation effects on cell proliferation in bone tissue. New translational approaches were designed to investigate dynamic changes of gut microbiota in correlation with conditions of treatment and disease as well as mechanisms of systemic side-effects in radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota on Colonization Resistance to Salmonella and the Shedding Pattern of Naturally Exposed Pigs

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Argüello ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Finola C. Leonard ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Paul D. Cotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Salmonella colonization and infection in production animals such as pigs are a cause for concern from a public health perspective. Variations in susceptibility to natural infection may be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Using 16S rRNA compositional sequencing, we characterized the fecal microbiome of 15 weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella at 18, 33, and 45 days postweaning. Dissimilarities in microbiota composition were analyzed in relation to Salmonella infection status (infected, not infected), serological status, and shedding pattern (nonshedders, single-point shedders, intermittent-persistent shedders). Global microbiota composition was associated with the infection outcome based on serological analysis. Greater richness within the microbiota postweaning was linked to pigs being seronegative at the end of the study at 11 weeks of age. Members of the Clostridia, such as Blautia, Roseburia, and Anaerovibrio, were more abundant and part of the core microbiome in nonshedder pigs. Cellulolytic microbiota (Ruminococcus and Prevotella) were also more abundant in noninfected pigs during the weaning and growing stages. Microbial profiling also revealed that infected pigs had a higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Oscillospira, the latter also being part of the core microbiome of intermittent-persistent shedders. These findings suggest that a lack of microbiome maturation and greater proportions of microorganisms associated with suckling increase susceptibility to infection. In addition, the persistence of Salmonella shedding may be associated with an enrichment of pathobionts such as Anaerobiospirillum. Overall, these results suggest that there may be merit in manipulating certain taxa within the porcine intestinal microbial community to increase disease resistance against Salmonella in pigs. IMPORTANCE Salmonella is a global threat for public health, and pork is one of the main sources of human salmonellosis. However, the complex epidemiology of the infection limits current control strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence of this infection in pigs. The present study analyzes for the first time the impact of the gut microbiota in Salmonella infection in pigs and its shedding pattern in naturally infected growing pigs. Microbiome (16S rRNA amplicon) analysis reveals that maturation of the gut microbiome could be a key consideration with respect to limiting the infection and shedding of Salmonella in pigs. Indeed, seronegative animals had higher richness of the gut microbiota early after weaning, and uninfected pigs had higher abundance of strict anaerobes from the class Clostridia, results which demonstrate that a fast transition from the suckling microbiota to a postweaning microbiota could be crucial with respect to protecting the animals.

scholarly journals A diet of U.S. military food rations alters gut microbiota composition and does not increase intestinal permeability

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 108217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Philip Karl ◽  
Nicholes J. Armstrong ◽  
Holly L. McClung ◽  
Robert A. Player ◽  
Jennifer C. Rood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteroides Species Can Shield Other Members of the Gut Microbiota from Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Stiefel ◽  
Mary Ann Tima ◽  
Michelle M. Nerandzic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacteroides Species

ABSTRACTAntibiotics disrupt the intestinal microbiota, rendering patients vulnerable to colonization by exogenous pathogens. Intermicrobial interactions may attenuate this effect. Incubation with ceftriaxone-resistant,ccrA-positive, β-lactamase-producingBacteroidesstrains raised the minimum bactericidal concentration of ceftriaxone required to kill a susceptibleEscherichia colistrain (mean change, <0.25 to 29 mg/liter;P= 0.009); incubation with ceftriaxone-resistant but non-β-lactamase-producingBacteroidesstrains had no effect. The production of β-lactamase by common members of the intestinal microbiota (Bacteroides) can protect susceptible fellow commensals from β-lactams.

scholarly journals The Central Role of the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Marcantonio Ferreira ◽  
Angélica Thomaz Vieira ◽  
Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo ◽  
Fernando A. Oliveira ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Commensal Microbiota

The commensal microbiota is in constant interaction with the immune system, teaching immune cells to respond to antigens. Studies in mice have demonstrated that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota alters host immune cell homeostasis. Additionally, metagenomic-sequencing analysis has revealed alterations in intestinal microbiota in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and obesity. Perturbations in the microbiota composition result in a deficient immune response and impaired tolerance to commensal microorganisms. Due to altered microbiota composition which is associated to some inflammatory diseases, several strategies, such as the administration of probiotics, diet, and antibiotic usage, have been utilized to prevent or ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss recent evidence showing that the gut microbiota controls immune system function and onset, development, and resolution of some common inflammatory diseases.

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