Bacterial Cellulose as a Substrate for Microbial Cell Culture

ABSTRACTBacterial cellulose (BC) has a range of structural and physicochemical properties that make it a particularly useful material for the culture of bacteria. We studied the growth of 14 genera of bacteria on BC substrates produced byAcetobacter xylinumand compared the results to growth on the commercially available biopolymers agar, gellan, and xanthan. We demonstrate that BC produces rates of bacterial cell growth that typically exceed those on the commercial biopolymers and yields cultures with higher titers of cells at stationary phase. The morphology of the cells did not change during growth on BC. The rates of nutrient diffusion in BC being higher than those in other biopolymers is likely a primary factor that leads to higher growth rates. Collectively, our results suggest that the use of BC may open new avenues in microbiology by facilitating bacterial cell culture and isolation.

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Mathematical modeling of bacterial cell cycle: The problem of coordinating genome replication with cell growth

Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219720014500097 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 1450009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vitaly A. Likhoshvai ◽

Tamara M. Khlebodarova

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Dna Replication ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Bacterial Cell ◽

Genome Replication ◽

Linear Type ◽

A Cell ◽

Growth Laws ◽

Bacterial Cell Cycle

In this paper, we perform an analysis of bacterial cell-cycle models implementing different strategies to coordinately regulate genome replication and cell growth dynamics. It has been shown that the problem of coupling these processes does not depend directly on the dynamics of cell volume expansion, but does depend on the type of cell growth law. Our analysis has distinguished two types of cell growth laws, "exponential" and "linear", each of which may include both exponential and linear patterns of cell growth. If a cell grows following a law of the "exponential" type, including the exponential V(t) = V0exp (kt) and linear V(t) = V0(1 + kt) dynamic patterns, then the cell encounters the problem of coupling growth rates and replication. It has been demonstrated that to solve the problem, it is sufficient for a cell to have a repressor mechanism to regulate DNA replication initiation. For a cell expanding its volume by a law of the "linear" type, including exponential V(t) = V0+ V1exp (kt) and linear V(t) = V0+ kt dynamic patterns, the problem of coupling growth rates and replication does not exist. In other words, in the context of the coupling problem, a repressor mechanism to regulate DNA replication, and cell growth laws of the "linear" type displays the attributes of universality. The repressor-type mechanism allows a cell to follow any growth dynamic pattern, while the "linear" type growth law allows a cell to use any mechanism to regulate DNA replication.

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50S ribosomal subunit synthesis and translation are equivalent targets for erythromycin inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.5.1301 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1301-1303 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

W S Champney ◽

R Burdine

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Bacterial Cell ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Ribosomal Subunit ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Macrolide Antibiotics ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Subunit Assembly

Macrolide antibiotics like erythromycin can prevent the formation of the 50S ribosomal subunit in growing bacterial cells, in addition to their inhibitory effect on translation. The significance of this novel finding has been further investigated. The 50% inhibitory doses of erythromycin for the inhibition of translation and 50S subunit assembly in Staphylococcus aureus cells were measured and were found to be identical. Together they account quantitatively for the observed effects of erythromycin on cell growth rates. There is also a direct relationship between the loss of rRNA from the 50S subunit and its accumulation as oligoribonucleotides in cells. The importance of this second site for erythromycin inhibition of bacterial cell growth is discussed.

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Assessment of bacterial cellulose membrane produced by Acetobacter xylinum used as scaffold for mouse fibroblast culture

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/14/3/9854 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 427-433

Author(s):

Nguyễn Thị Kim Anh ◽

Hoàng Thùy Dương ◽

Trần Thị Khánh Hòa ◽

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Kiều

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Mouse Fibroblast ◽

Acetobacter Xylinum ◽

Cellulose Membrane ◽

Suitable Material ◽

Cellulose Material ◽

Bacterial Cellulose Membrane ◽

Fetal Bovine

In recent years, bacterial cellulose material has been considered as a potential biotechnological product for biomedical applications. Previous studies described some special properties of bacterial cellulose, such as water holding capacity, high polymerization, high crystallization, high purity, and strength. In this study, bacterial cellulose membrane produced by Acetobacter xylinum was examined for its possibility to use as a scaffold for cell to grow. Firstly, mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose membrane including strength, stress at break, strain at break, and modulus were analyzed. Secondly, cellulose fiber structure was observed with scanning electron microscope. Lastly, biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose membrane was investigated for application as scaffold for cell culture. The results showed that bacterial cellulose membrane had fine fibres arranged to form 3-D porous structured hydrogel. Also, the mechanical qualities of material were suitable for using as a biomaterial. Fibroblast cells isolated from mouse’s skin and tail bone were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. Cells then collected and sew into bacterial cellulose membrane placed in cell culture disk. At different time points at 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days after sowing the cells, it is clearly seen that cells can adhere, grow and expand on the surface of cellulose membrance placed on cell culture disk, as comparible as cells cultured in disk without cellulose membrance. In conclusion, bacterial cellulose membrane is a suitable material for cell culture as a scaffold. The results observed from this study might be suggestions for next investigations on using bacterial cellulose membrane as scaffold for tissue engineering.

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Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma Might Play Supportive Roles in Cancer Cell Culture: A Replacement for Fetal Bovine Serum?

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520621999210101225912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Talebi ◽

Mousa Vatanmakanian ◽

Ali Mirzaei ◽

Yaghoub Barfar ◽

Maryam Hemmatzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Human Cancer ◽

High Price ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Platelet Poor Plasma ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Regulatory Functions

Background: Platelet-rich (PRP) and Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) are widely used in research and clinical platforms mainly due to their capacities to enhance cell growth. Although short half-life (5 days) and the high price of platelet products pose challenges regarding their usage, they maintain the growth regulatory functions for weeks. Thus, we aimed to assess the supplementary values of these products in human CCRF-CEM cancer cells. Mechanistically, we also checked if the PRP/PPP treatment enhances YKL-40 expression as a known protein regulating cell growth. Methods: The PRP/PPP was prepared from healthy donors using manual stepwise centrifugation and phase separation. The viability of the cells treated with gradient PRP/PPP concentrations (2, 5, 10, and 15%) was measured by the MTT assay. The YKL-40 mRNA and protein levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blotting. The data were compared to FBS-treated cells. Result: Our findings revealed that the cells treated by PRP/PPP not only were morphologically comparable to those treated by FBS but also, they showed greater viability at the concentrations of 10 and 15%. Moreover, it was shown that PRP/PPP induce cell culture support, at least in part, via inducing YKL-40 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, by showing cell culture support comparable to FBS, the PRP/PPP might be used as good candidates to supplement the cancer cell culture and overcome concerns regarding the use of FBS as a non-human source in human cancer research.

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Change in mutation frequency at a TP53 hotspot during culture of ENU-mutagenised human lymphoblastoid cells

Mutagenesis ◽

10.1093/mutage/gez014 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Masahiko Watanabe ◽

Masae Toudou ◽

Taeko Uchida ◽

Misato Yoshikawa ◽

Hiroaki Aso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Mutation Frequency ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Tp53 Gene ◽

Tumour Suppressor Genes ◽

Restriction Sites ◽

Mutation Spectra ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Assay Conditions

Abstract Mutations in oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes cause increases in cell growth capacity. In some cases, fully malignant cancer cells develop after additional mutations occur in initially mutated cells. In such instances, the risk of cancer would increase in response to growth of these initially mutated cells. To ascertain whether such a situation might occur in cultured cells, three independent cultures of human lymphoblastoid GM00130 cells were treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea to induce mutations, and the cells were maintained for 12 weeks. Mutant frequencies and spectra of the cells at the MspI and HaeIII restriction sites located at codons 247–250 of the TP53 gene were examined. Mutant frequencies at both sites in the gene exhibited a declining trend during cell culture and reached background levels after 12 weeks; this was also supported by mutation spectra findings. These results indicate that the mutations detected under our assay conditions are disadvantageous to cell growth.

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Effect of cross-linkable bacterial cellulose nanocrystals on the physicochemical properties of silk sericin films

Polymer Testing ◽

10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 107161

Author(s):

Jeongmin Nam ◽

Yujin Hyun ◽

Subin Oh ◽

Jinseok Park ◽

Hyoung-Joon Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Silk Sericin

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The rye Mutants Identify a Role for Ssn/Srb Proteins of the RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme During Stationary Phase Entry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/157.1.17 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 157 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ya-Wen Chang ◽

Susie C Howard ◽

Yelena V Budovskaya ◽

Jasper Rine ◽

Paul K Herman

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Rna Polymerase ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Nutrient Deprivation ◽

Ras Signaling ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii Holoenzyme

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells enter into a distinct resting state, known as stationary phase, in response to specific types of nutrient deprivation. We have identified a collection of mutants that exhibited a defective transcriptional response to nutrient limitation and failed to enter into a normal stationary phase. These rye mutants were isolated on the basis of defects in the regulation of YGP1 expression. In wild-type cells, YGP1 levels increased during the growth arrest caused by nutrient deprivation or inactivation of the Ras signaling pathway. In contrast, the levels of YGP1 and related genes were significantly elevated in the rye mutants during log phase growth. The rye defects were not specific to this YGP1 response as these mutants also exhibited multiple defects in stationary phase properties, including an inability to survive periods of prolonged starvation. These data indicated that the RYE genes might encode important regulators of yeast cell growth. Interestingly, three of the RYE genes encoded the Ssn/Srb proteins, Srb9p, Srb10p, and Srb11p, which are associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Thus, the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme may be a target of the signaling pathways responsible for coordinating yeast cell growth with nutrient availability.

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