scholarly journals A ς54 Activator Protein Necessary for Spore Differentiation within the Fruiting Body ofMyxococcus xanthus

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (9) ◽  
pp. 2438-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Gorski ◽  
Thomas Gronewold ◽  
Dale Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Activator Proteins ◽  
Antibody Expression ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Dna Fragment

ABSTRACT Insertion of an internal DNA fragment into the act1gene, which encodes one of several ς54-activator proteins in Myxococcus xanthus, produced a mutant defective in fruiting body development. While fruiting-body aggregation appears normal in the mutant, it fails to sporulate (<10−6 the wild-type number of viable spores). The A and C intercellular signals, which are required for sporulation, are produced by the mutant. But, while it produces A-factor at levels as high as that of the wild type, the mutant produces much less C-signal than normal, as measured either by C-factor bioassay or by the total amount of C-factor protein detected with specific antibody. Expression of three C-factor-dependent reporters is altered in the mutant: the level of expression of Ω4414 is about 15% of normal, and Ω4459 and Ω4403 have alterations in their time course. Finally, the methylation of FrzCD protein is below normal in the mutant. It is proposed that Act1 protein responds to C-signal reception by increasing the expression of the csgAgene. This C-signal-dependent increase constitutes a positive feedback in the wild type. The act1 mutant, unable to raise the level of csgA expression, carries out only those developmental steps for which a low level of C-signaling is adequate.

scholarly journals EspC Is Involved in Controlling the Timing of Development in Myxococcus xanthus

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (14) ◽  
pp. 5029-5031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongsoo Lee ◽  
Penelope I. Higgs ◽  
David R. Zusman ◽  
Kyungyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

ABSTRACT The espC null mutation caused accelerated aggregation and formation of tiny fruiting bodies surrounded by spores, which were also observed in the espA mutant and in CsgA-overproducing cells in Myxococcus xanthus. In addition, the espC mutant appeared to produce larger amounts of the complementary C-signal than the wild-type strain. These findings suggest that EspC is involved in controlling the timing of fruiting body development in M. xanthus.

scholarly journals Myxococcus xanthus sasN Encodes a Regulator That Prevents Developmental Gene Expression during Growth

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (23) ◽  
pp. 6215-6223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Xu ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Heidi B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

ABSTRACT Myxococcus xanthus multicellular fruiting body development is initiated by nutrient limitation at high cell density. Five clustered point mutations (sasB5, -14, -15, -16, and -17) can bypass the starvation and high-cell-density requirements for expression of the4521 developmental reporter gene. These mutants express4521 at high levels during growth and development in anasgB background, which is defective in generation of the cell density signal, A signal. A 1.3-kb region of the sasBlocus cloned from the wild-type chromosome restored the SasB+ phenotype to the five mutants. DNA sequence analysis of the 1.3-kb region predicted an open reading frame, designated SasN. The N terminus of SasN appears to contain a strongly hydrophobic region and a leucine zipper motif. SasN showed no significant sequence similarities to known proteins. A strain containing a newly constructedsasN-null mutation and Ω4521 Tn5lac in an otherwise wild-type background expressed 4521 at a high level during growth and development. A similar sasN-null mutant formed abnormal fruiting bodies and sporulated at about 10% the level of wild type. These data indicate that the wild-typesasN gene product is necessary for normal M. xanthus fruiting body development and functions as a critical regulator that prevents 4521 expression during growth.

scholarly journals The Cloning and Molecular Analysis of pawn-B in Paramecium tetraurelia

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W John Haynes ◽  
Kit-Yin Ling ◽  
Robin R Preston ◽  
Yoshiro Saimi ◽  
Ching Kung
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Library ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Paramecium Tetraurelia ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Alternative Sites

Abstract Pawn mutants of Paramecium tetraurelia lack a depolarization-activated Ca2+ current and do not swim backward. Using the method of microinjection and sorting a genomic library, we have cloned a DNA fragment that complements pawn-B (pwB/pwB). The minimal complementing fragment is a 798-bp open reading frame (ORF) that restores the Ca2+ current and the backward swimming when expressed. This ORF contains a 29-bp intron and is transcribed and translated. The translated product has two putative transmembrane domains but no clear matches in current databases. Mutations in the available pwB alleles were found within this ORF. The d4-95 and d4-96 alleles are single base substitutions, while d4-662 (previously pawn-D) harbors a 44-bp insertion that matches an internal eliminated sequence (IES) found in the wild-type germline DNA except for a single C-to-T transition. Northern hybridizations and RT-PCR indicate that d4-662 transcripts are rapidly degraded or not produced. A second 155-bp IES in the wild-type germline ORF excises at two alternative sites spanning three asparagine codons. The pwB ORF appears to be separated from a 5′ neighboring ORF by only 36 bp. The close proximity of the two ORFs and the location of the pwB protein as indicated by GFP-fusion constructs are discussed.

scholarly journals Strand-Specific RNA-Seq Analyses of Fruiting Body Development in Coprinopsis cinerea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0141586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Muraguchi ◽  
Kiwamu Umezawa ◽  
Mai Niikura ◽  
Makoto Yoshida ◽  
Toshinori Kozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Coprinopsis Cinerea ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

scholarly journals Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo G Nagy ◽  
Peter Jan Vonk ◽  
Markus Kunzler ◽  
Csenge Foldi ◽  
Mate Viragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are among the most complex structures produced by fungi. Unlike vegetative hyphae, fruiting bodies grow determinately and follow a genetically encoded developmental program that orchestrates tissue differentiation, growth and sexual sporulation. In spite of more than a century of research, our understanding of the molecular details of fruiting body morphogenesis is limited and a general synthesis on the genetics of this complex process is lacking. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively identify conserved genes related to fruiting body morphogenesis and distill novel functional hypotheses for functionally poorly characterized genes. As a result of this analysis, we report 921 conserved developmentally expressed gene families, only a few dozens of which have previously been reported in fruiting body development. Based on literature data, conserved expression patterns and functional annotations, we provide informed hypotheses on the potential role of these gene families in fruiting body development, yielding the most complete description of molecular processes in fruiting body morphogenesis to date. We discuss genes related to the initiation of fruiting, differentiation, growth, cell surface and cell wall, defense, transcriptional regulation as well as signal transduction. Based on these data we derive a general model of fruiting body development, which includes an early, proliferative phase that is mostly concerned with laying out the mushroom body plan (via cell division and differentiation), and a second phase of growth via cell expansion as well as meiotic events and sporulation. Altogether, our discussions cover 1480 genes of Coprinopsis cinerea, and their orthologs in Agaricus bisporus, Cyclocybe aegerita, Armillaria ostoyae, Auriculariopsis ampla, Laccaria bicolor, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus tigrinus, Mycena kentingensis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune, providing functional hypotheses for ~10% of genes in the genomes of these species. Although experimental evidence for the role of these genes will need to be established in the future, our data provide a roadmap for guiding functional analyses of fruiting related genes in the Agaricomycetes. We anticipate that the gene compendium presented here, combined with developments in functional genomics approaches will contribute to uncovering the genetic bases of one of the most spectacular multicellular developmental processes in fungi. Key words: functional annotation; comparative genomics; cell wall remodeling; development; fruiting body morphogenesis; mushroom; transcriptome

scholarly journals Discovery of microRNA-like RNAs during early fruiting body development in the model mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0198234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Yuet Ting Lau ◽  
Xuanjin Cheng ◽  
Chi Keung Cheng ◽  
Wenyan Nong ◽  
Man Kit Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Coprinopsis Cinerea ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

scholarly journals Global Gene Expression and Focused Knockout Analysis Reveals Genes Associated with Fungal Fruiting Body Development in Neurospora crassa

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Francesc Lopez-Giraldez ◽  
Nina Lehr ◽  
Marta Farré ◽  
Ralph Common ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

ABSTRACTFungi can serve as highly tractable models for understanding genetic basis of sexual development in multicellular organisms. Applying a reverse-genetic approach to advance such a model, we used random and multitargeted primers to assay gene expression across perithecial development inNeurospora crassa. We found that functionally unclassified proteins accounted for most upregulated genes, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for diverse functions. Moreover, genes associated with developmental traits exhibited stage-specific peaks of expression. Expression increased significantly across sexual development for mating type genemat a-1and format A-1specific pheromone precursorccg-4. In addition, expression of a gene encoding a protein similar to zinc finger,stc1, was highly upregulated early in perithecial development, and a strain with a knockout of this gene exhibited arrest at the same developmental stage. A similar expression pattern was observed for genes in RNA silencing and signaling pathways, and strains with knockouts of these genes were also arrested at stages of perithecial development that paralleled their peak in expression. The observed stage specificity allowed us to correlate expression upregulation and developmental progression and to identify regulators of sexual development. Bayesian networks inferred from our expression data revealed previously known and new putative interactions between RNA silencing genes and pathways. Overall, our analysis provides a fine-scale transcriptomic landscape and novel inferences regarding the control of the multistage development process of sexual crossing and fruiting body development inN. crassa.

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