Collaboration between clinical and academic laboratories for sequencing SARS-CoV-2 genomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Wang ◽  
Shawn E. Hawken ◽  
Corbin D. Jones ◽  
Robert S. Hagan ◽  
Frederic Bushman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Sequencing ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Academic Laboratory ◽  
Insight Into

Genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 continues to provide valuable insight into the ever-changing variant makeup of the COVID-19 pandemic. More than three million SARS-COV-2 genomes have been deposited in GISAID, but contributions from the United States, particularly through 2020, lagged behind the global effort. The primary goal of clinical microbiology laboratories is seldom rooted in epidemiologic or public health testing and many labs do not contain in-house sequencing technology. However, we recognized the need for clinical microbiologists to lend expertise, share specimen resources, and partner with academic laboratories and sequencing cores to assist in SARS-COV-2 epidemiologic sequencing efforts. Here we describe two clinical and academic laboratory collaborations for SARS-COV-2 genomic sequencing. We highlight roles of the clinical microbiologists and the academic labs, outline best practices, describe two divergent strategies in accomplishing a similar goal, and discuss the challenges with implementing and maintaining such programs.

Who, When, and Where?

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Insight Into

Answering “who, when, and where?” establishes the public health burden associated with purging disorder and gives us insight into why someone develops the illness. Right now, over 2 million girls and women in the United States have purging disorder, and they are joined by another half-million boys and men. Cases of hysterical vomiting from the late 1800s resemble purging disorder in some respects, but vomiting in purging disorder is intentional and directed toward influencing weight or shape, supporting the influence of modern idealization of thinness. Finally, we see the emergence of purging to control weight and purging disorder following the introduction of Western cultural ideals into non-Western contexts. Non-Western cultures further shape the clinical presentation of purging disorder with misuse of traditional herbal emetics to produce purging.

Legal Regulation of Harassment on the Ground of Age: Lessons from America?

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Sam Middlemiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

While numerous articles have now been written on the age regulations 1 they tend to concentrate on the broad detail of the Regulations and their likely impact in the United Kingdom, whereas this article, while also involving analysis of the legal rules, concentrates on one aspect of the Regulations namely, age harassment. It will also involve consideration of the equivalent law in the United States because they have a much more mature set of legal rules dealing with this type of activity. The difficulty of making such a comparison is that the legal rules in the two jurisdictions are very different and the UK version is much more favourable than its US counterpart. Nevertheless, it is this writer’s view that identifying the various problems that have arisen in the US with implementing their age legislation in respect of age harassment over almost forty years 2 will prove instructive and valuable to those persons required to comply with the new law in the UK and offer valuable insight into the legal treatment of this issue.

Counterpoint to Reform: Gilbert H. Montague and the Business of Regulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyatt Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Lawyers ◽  
Insight Into

During a career that stretched from the Progressive Era through the 1950s, Gilbert H. Montague served businesses as a lawyer and lobbyist, managing relations between companies and the government. In this capacity he had a significant impact on the evolution of regulation, particularly antitrust law. Just as important, his career provides valuable insight into the activities and attitudes of the class made up of corporate lawyers and lobbyists, which constituted an important part of the system of regulated capitalism that emerged in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century.

Marketing Strategies of Gift and Souvenir Shops in Canada and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Héroux ◽  
Nancy J. Church
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Insight Into

The souvenir is an integral part of the travel experience and most tourists return home with souvenirs to preserve and commemorate such experiences. However, souvenirs and souvenir retailing is for the most part an untapped field of research. This research investigates the marketing strategies implemented by gift/souvenir shops and whether differences are found between Canada (Quebec and Ontario regions) and the United States (Vermont/New York region). The findings suggest that differences exist in the marketing strategies of gift and souvenir shops in these three regions. The marketing strategy ratings for product, price, promotion, and place were consistently higher for Ontario gift shops, followed by New York, and lowest for Quebec. The qualitative findings provide some insight into the specific variables that contribute to these differences. Gift and souvenir shop owners may benefit from identifying best practices that differentiate the Ontario stores and make their marketing strategy more appealing to visitors. This may provide useful guidelines for implementing changes to improve their marketing strategy.

Can increases in Twitter posts predict increases in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States? Evidence that social media can inform epidemic surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Sun ◽  
Henna Budhwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Though public health systems are responding rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes from publicly available, crowd-sourced big data may assist in helping to identify hot spots, prioritize equipment allocation and staffing, while also informing health policy related to “shelter in place” and social distancing recommendations. OBJECTIVE To assess if the rising state-level prevalence of COVID-19 related posts on Twitter (tweets) is predictive of state-level cumulative COVID-19 incidence after controlling for socio-economic characteristics. METHODS We identified extracted COVID-19 related tweets from January 21st to March 7th (2020) across all 50 states (N = 7,427,057). Tweets were combined with state-level characteristics and confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the association between public commentary and cumulative incidence. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases varied significantly across states. Ratio of tweet increase (p=0.03), number of physicians per 1,000 population (p=0.01), education attainment (p=0.006), income per capita (p = 0.002), and percentage of adult population (p=0.003) were positively associated with cumulative incidence. Ratio of tweet increase was significantly associated with the logarithmic of cumulative incidence (p=0.06) with a coefficient of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of state-level tweets was predictive of an increase in COVID-19 diagnoses, providing evidence that Twitter can be a valuable surveillance tool for public health.

Review of form 483s and warning letters to pharmaceutical manufacturers issued by USFDA

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432110235
Author(s):  
Chandan Saini ◽  
Ashish Miglani ◽  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Responsible Person

Regular inspections are carried out to ensure system conformity by the Food and Drugs Regulatory Authority (FDA) of the United States one of the most stringent regulatory authorities in the world. The inspectors send Form 483 to the management after the inspection, detailing the inappropriate conditions. Because the FDA guidelines are difficult to comply with, a company can contravene the regulations. If any significant infringements can affect the protection, quality, effectiveness, or public health of the drug is identified, the FDA issues advice to the company. Warning Letters (WL) shall be an official notification of non-compliance with federal law within a period to be issued by manufacturer, clinician, distributor, or responsible person in the company. The delivery of a letter has a considerable impact on the company's reputation and position in the market. Inadequate WL reactions could lead to a refusal, import denial, memorandum or even conviction and order. A brief study was conducted in this document of Form 483 and WL for four years (2017–2020) on an understanding the regulatory provisions.

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