scholarly journals A conserved proline-rich region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cyclase-associated protein binds SH3 domains and modulates cytoskeletal localization.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Freeman ◽  
T Lila ◽  
K A Mintzer ◽  
Z Chen ◽  
A J Pahk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Sh3 Domains ◽  
Proline Rich Region

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cyclase-associated protein (CAP or Srv2p) is multifunctional. The N-terminal third of CAP binds to adenylyl cyclase and has been implicated in adenylyl cyclase activation in vivo. The widely conserved C-terminal domain of CAP binds to monomeric actin and serves an important cytoskeletal regulatory function in vivo. In addition, all CAP homologs contain a centrally located proline-rich region which has no previously identified function. Recently, SH3 (Src homology 3) domains were shown to bind to proline-rich regions of proteins. Here we report that the proline-rich region of CAP is recognized by the SH3 domains of several proteins, including the yeast actin-associated protein Abp1p. Immunolocalization experiments demonstrate that CAP colocalizes with cortical actin-containing structures in vivo and that a region of CAP containing the SH3 domain binding site is required for this localization. We also demonstrate that the SH3 domain of yeast Abp1p and that of the yeast RAS protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor Cdc25p complex with adenylyl cyclase in vitro. Interestingly, the binding of the Cdc25p SH3 domain is not mediated by CAP and therefore may involve direct binding to adenylyl cyclase or to an unidentified protein which complexes with adenylyl cyclase. We also found that CAP homologous from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and humans bind SH3 domains. The human protein binds most strongly to the SH3 domain from the abl proto-oncogene. These observations identify CAP as an SH3 domain-binding protein and suggest that CAP mediates interactions between SH3 domain proteins and monomeric actin.

scholarly journals Evidence for physical and functional interactions among two Saccharomyces cerevisiae SH3 domain proteins, an adenylyl cyclase-associated protein and the actin cytoskeleton.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lila ◽  
D G Drubin
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Sh3 Domains ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Independent Functions

In a variety of organisms, a number of proteins associated with the cortical actin cytoskeleton contain SH3 domains, suggesting that these domains may provide the physical basis for functional interactions among structural and regulatory proteins in the actin cytoskeleton. We present evidence that SH3 domains mediate at least two independent functions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-binding protein Abp1p in vivo. Abp1p contains a single SH3 domain that has recently been shown to bind in vitro to the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein Srv2p. Immunofluorescence analysis of Srv2p subcellular localization in strains carrying mutations in either ABP1 or SRV2 reveals that the Abp1p SH3 domain mediates the normal association of Srv2p with the cortical actin cytoskeleton. We also show that a site in Abp1p itself is specifically bound by the SH3 domain of the actin-associated protein Rvs167p. Genetic analysis provides evidence that Abp1p and Rvs167p have functions that are closely interrelated. Abp1 null mutations, like rvs167 mutations, result in defects in sporulation and reduced viability under certain suboptimal growth conditions. In addition, mutations in ABP1 and RVS167 yield similar profiles of genetic "synthetic lethal" interactions when combined with mutations in genes encoding other cytoskeletal components. Mutations which specifically disrupt the SH3 domain-mediated interaction between Abp1p and Srv2p, however, show none of the shared phenotypes of abp1 and rvs167 mutations. We conclude that the Abp1p SH3 domain mediates the association of Srv2p with the cortical actin cytoskeleton, and that Abp1p performs a distinct function that is likely to involve binding by the Rvs167p SH3 domain. Overall, work presented here illustrates how SH3 domains can integrate the activities of multiple actin cytoskeleton proteins in response to varying environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 Interacts with and Phosphorylates CdGAP at an Important Regulatory Site

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 6314-6329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tcherkezian ◽  
Eric I. Danek ◽  
Sarah Jenna ◽  
Ibtissem Triki ◽  
Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
Keyword(s):  
Bound States ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Regulatory Site ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Proline Rich Region

ABSTRACT Rho GTPases regulate multiple cellular processes affecting both cell proliferation and cytoskeletal dynamics. Their cycling between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states is tightly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). We have previously identified CdGAP (for Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein) as a specific GAP for Rac1 and Cdc42. CdGAP consists of an N-terminal RhoGAP domain and a C-terminal proline-rich region. In addition, CdGAP is a member of the impressively large number of mammalian RhoGAP proteins that is well conserved among both vertebrates and invertebrates. In mice, we find two predominant isoforms of CdGAP differentially expressed in specific tissues. We report here that CdGAP is highly phosphorylated in vivo on serine and threonine residues. We find that CdGAP is phosphorylated downstream of the MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in response to serum or platelet-derived growth factor stimulation. Furthermore, CdGAP interacts with and is phosphorylated by ERK-1 and RSK-1 in vitro. A putative DEF (docking for ERK FXFP) domain located in the proline-rich region of CdGAP is required for efficient binding and phosphorylation by ERK1/2. We identify Thr776 as an in vivo target site of ERK1/2 and as an important regulatory site of CdGAP activity. Together, these data suggest that CdGAP is a novel substrate of ERK1/2 and mediates cross talk between the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and regulation of Rac1 activity.

scholarly journals PAB1 Self-Association Precludes Its Binding to Poly(A), Thereby Accelerating CCR4 Deadenylation In Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 6243-6253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Yao ◽  
Yueh-Chin Chiang ◽  
Chongxu Zhang ◽  
Darren J. Lee ◽  
Thomas M. Laue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Mrna Turnover ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Binding Surface ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Proline Rich Region

ABSTRACT The mRNA deadenylation process, catalyzed by the CCR4 deadenylase, is known to be the major factor controlling mRNA decay rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified the proline-rich region and RRM1 domains of poly(A) binding protein (PAB1) as necessary for CCR4 deadenylation. Deletion of either of these regions but not other regions of PAB1 significantly reduced PAB1-PAB1 protein interactions, suggesting that PAB1 oligomerization is a required step for deadenylation. Moreover, defects in these two regions inhibited the formation of a novel, circular monomeric PAB1 species that forms in the absence of poly(A). Removal of the PAB1 RRM3 domain, which promoted PAB1 oligomerization and circularization, correspondingly accelerated CCR4 deadenylation. Circular PAB1 was unable to bind poly(A), and PAB1 multimers were severely deficient or unable to bind poly(A), implicating the PAB1 RNA binding surface as critical in making contacts that allow PAB1 self-association. These results support the model that the control of CCR4 deadenylation in vivo occurs in part through the removal of PAB1 from the poly(A) tail following its self-association into multimers and/or a circular species. Known alterations in the P domains of different PAB proteins and factors and conditions that affect PAB1 self-association would, therefore, be expected to be critical to controlling mRNA turnover in the cell.

scholarly journals Mutagenic analysis of the roles of SH2 and SH3 domains in regulation of the Abl tyrosine kinase.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2883-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Mayer ◽  
D Baltimore
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Sh2 Domain ◽  
Sh3 Domains ◽  
Sh2 Domains ◽  
Abl Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Transforming Activity

We have used in vitro mutagenesis to examine in detail the roles of two modular protein domains, SH2 and SH3, in the regulation of the Abl tyrosine kinase. As previously shown, the SH3 domain suppresses an intrinsic transforming activity of the normally nontransforming c-Abl product in vivo. We show here that this inhibitory activity is extremely position sensitive, because mutants in which the position of the SH3 domain within the protein is subtly altered are fully transforming. In contrast to the case in vivo, the SH3 domain has no effect on the in vitro kinase activity of the purified protein. These results are consistent with a model in which the SH3 domain binds a cellular inhibitory factor, which in turn must physically interact with other parts of the kinase. Unlike the SH3 domain, the SH2 domain is required for transforming activity of activated Abl alleles. We demonstrate that SH2 domains from other proteins (Ras-GTPase-activating protein, Src, p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subunit, and Crk) can complement the absence of the Abl SH2 domain and that mutants with heterologous SH2 domains induce altered patterns of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in vivo. The positive function of the SH2 domain is relatively position independent, and the effect of multiple SH2 domains appears to be additive. These results suggest a novel mechanism for regulation of tyrosine kinases in which the SH2 domain binds to, and thereby enhances the phosphorylation of, a subset of proteins phosphorylated by the catalytic domain. Our data also suggest that the roles of the SH2 and SH3 domains in the regulation of Abl are different in several respects from the roles proposed for these domains in the closely related Src family of tyrosine kinases.

scholarly journals Identification of a Phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) SH3 Domain-Binding Site in SLP-76 Required for T-Cell Receptor-Mediated Activation of PLC-γ1 and NFAT

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4208-4218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Yablonski ◽  
Theresa Kadlecek ◽  
Arthur Weiss
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Proline Rich Region

ABSTRACT SLP-76 is an adapter protein required for T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. In particular, TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), and the resultant TCR-inducible gene expression, depend on SLP-76. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which SLP-76 mediates PLC-γ1 activation are not well understood. We now demonstrate that SLP-76 directly interacts with the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of PLC-γ1. Structure-function analysis of SLP-76 revealed that each of the previously defined protein-protein interaction domains can be individually deleted without completely disrupting SLP-76 function. Additional deletion mutations revealed a new, 67-amino-acid functional domain within the proline-rich region of SLP-76, which we have termed the P-1 domain. The P-1 domain mediates a constitutive interaction of SLP-76 with the SH3 domain of PLC-γ1 and is required for TCR-mediated activation of Erk, PLC-γ1, and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). The adjacent Gads-binding domain of SLP-76, also within the proline-rich region, mediates inducible recruitment of SLP-76 to a PLC-γ1-containing complex via the recruitment of both PLC-γ1 and Gads to another cell-type-specific adapter, LAT. Thus, TCR-induced activation of PLC-γ1 entails the binding of PLC-γ1 to both LAT and SLP-76, a finding that may underlie the requirement for both LAT and SLP-76 to mediate the optimal activation of PLC-γ1.

scholarly journals Dynamic Localization and Function of Bni1p at the Sites of Directed Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumi Ozaki-Kuroda ◽  
Yasunori Yamamoto ◽  
Hidenori Nohara ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Takeshi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Dynamic Localization ◽  
Directed Growth ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Formin homology (FH) proteins are implicated in cell polarization and cytokinesis through actin organization. There are two FH proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bni1p and Bnr1p. Bni1p physically interacts with Rho family small G proteins (Rho1p and Cdc42p), actin, two actin-binding proteins (profilin and Bud6p), and a polarity protein (Spa2p). Here we analyzed the in vivo localization of Bni1p by using a time-lapse imaging system and investigated the regulatory mechanisms of Bni1p localization and function in relation to these interacting proteins. Bni1p fused with green fluorescent protein localized to the sites of cell growth throughout the cell cycle. In a small-budded cell, Bni1p moved along the bud cortex. This dynamic localization of Bni1p coincided with the apparent site of bud growth. Abni1-disrupted cell showed a defect in directed growth to the pre-bud site and to the bud tip (apical growth), causing its abnormally spherical cell shape and thick bud neck. Bni1p localization at the bud tips was absolutely dependent on Cdc42p, largely dependent on Spa2p and actin filaments, and partly dependent on Bud6p, but scarcely dependent on polarized cortical actin patches or Rho1p. These results indicate that Bni1p regulates polarized growth within the bud through its unique and dynamic pattern of localization, dependent on multiple factors, including Cdc42p, Spa2p, Bud6p, and the actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Ponsin/SH3P12: An l-Afadin– and Vinculin-binding Protein Localized at Cell–Cell and Cell–Matrix Adherens Junctions

1999 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Mandai ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakanishi ◽  
Ayako Satoh ◽  
Kenichi Takahashi ◽  
Keiko Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Sh3 Domains ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Actin Binding Domain ◽  
Splicing Variants ◽  
Proline Rich Region ◽  
Cell Cell

We recently isolated a novel actin filament (F-actin)–binding protein, afadin, that has two isoforms, l- and s-afadins. l-Afadin is ubiquitously expressed and specifically localized at zonula adherens (ZA) in epithelial cells and at cell–cell adherens junction (AJ) in nonepithelial cells, whereas s-afadin is abundantly expressed in neural tissue. l-Afadin has one PDZ domain, three proline-rich regions, and one F-actin–binding domain, whereas s-afadin lacks the third proline-rich region and the F-actin–binding domain. To understand the molecular mechanism of the specific localization of l-afadin at ZA in epithelial cells and at cell–cell AJ in nonepithelial cells, we attempted here to identify an l-afadin–binding protein(s) and isolated a protein, named ponsin. Ponsin had many splicing variants and the primary structures of two of them were determined. Both the two variants had three Src homology 3 (SH3) domains and turned out to be splicing variants of SH3P12. The third proline-rich region of l-afadin bound to the region of ponsin containing the second and third SH3 domains. Ponsin was ubiquitously expressed and localized at ZA in epithelial cells, at cell–cell AJ in nonepithelial cells, and at cell–matrix AJ in both types of cells. Ponsin furthermore directly bound vinculin, an F-actin–binding protein localized at ZA in epithelial cells, at cell–cell AJ in nonepithelial cells, and at cell–matrix AJ in both types of cells. Vinculin has one proline-rich region where two proline-rich sequences are located. The proline-rich region bound to the region of ponsin containing the first and second SH3 domains. l-Afadin and vinculin bound to ponsin in a competitive manner and these three proteins hardly formed a ternary complex. These results indicate that ponsin is an l-afadin– and vinculin-binding protein localized at ZA in epithelial cells, at cell–cell AJ in nonepithelial cells, and at cell–matrix AJ in both types of cells.

scholarly journals Interaction of Ash/Grb-2 via its SH3 domains with neuron-specific p150 and p65

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji MIURA ◽  
Hiroaki MIKI ◽  
Kuniko SHIMAZAKI ◽  
Nobufumi KAWAI ◽  
Tadaomi TAKENAWA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Sh3 Domains ◽  
Epidermal Growth

We found that 180 kDa, 150 kDa (p150), 110 kDa, 100 kDa and 65 kDa (p65) proteins comprise the major Ash/Grb-2-binding proteins in bovine brain. Among these proteins, 180 kDa and 100 kDa proteins have already been identified as Sos and dynamin respectively. Here, p150 and p65 were affinity-purified with glutathione S-transferase–Ash fusion protein and their partial amino acid sequences were determined. Analysis showed p150 and p65 to be new proteins. These two proteins bind to both the N-terminal SH3 domain and the C-terminal SH3 domain of Ash. It was found that p150 and p65 are expressed predominantly in brain, although Ash is widely distributed in all tissues examined by Western blots. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain showed p150 and p65 to be localized in a variety of neurons in the cerebellum and hippocampus, with p65 being especially concentrated in the nerve terminal. When the Ash-binding-motif peptide of the epidermal growth factor receptor was used to detect complexes formed with Ash in vivo, 180 kDa, 150 kDa, 110 kDa, 100 kDa and 65 kDa proteins were also bound; this shows that these proteins form complexes with Ash in brain. In addition, p150 and p65 co-immunoprecipitated with Ash. All these results suggest that Ash may function as a regulator of synaptic vesicle transport through dynamin, p150 and p65.

The Deletion of the Proline-Rich Region of HOXB4 Is Associated with Myeloid Leukemia in a Mouse Model

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 507-507
Author(s):  
Monica Cusan ◽  
Aniruddha Deshpande ◽  
Vijay Rawat ◽  
Wolfgang Hiddemann ◽  
Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proline Rich Region

Abstract HOXB4 belongs to the family of homeobox transcription factors, which play a key role in hematopoietic development. The expression of HOXB4 induces a significant increase of long-term repopulating stem cells (SC) in human and mouse models, without inducing malignant transformation. So far the underlying mechanisms of the SC amplificatory impact of HOXB4 are poorly understood. In an attempt to understand the unique characteristics of HOXB4, we performed a mutational study by deleting its proline-rich region, which has been described to act as a transcriptional activation domain in many other proteins, like non-homeobox genes (e.g. p53, AP2) and other homeobox genes (e.g. HOXD4 and HOXA13). We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments transducing murine 5-FU enriched HSCs with the pMSCV-IRES-GFP based retroviral vector harbouring the HOXB4 wild-type (wt) and several mutants, including a Δproline HOXB4 mutant (ΔP), where the proline-rich sequence (50% P) between the amino acidic positions 71–120 in the exon 1 is deleted. In previous experiments, when HOXB4-ΔPro (n=14) was over expressed in 5-FU enriched progenitor cells from BM, we reported a significant decrease (75fold, p<0.05) of the 12 days Δ-CFU-S frequency, in comparison to the HOXB4-wt (n=5), while it still generated significantly more Δ-CFU-S in comparison to the GFP control (n=11) (35fold, p<0.0003). Furthermore, we performed the CRU assay by transplanting lethally irradiated C3H×C57Bl/PeB mice with serial dilutions of 5-FU isolated bone marrow progenitor cells, in order to evaluate the effect of the HOXB4-ΔPro on the competitive repopulating unit frequency. At the 16th week post transplantation we reported no significant difference in the CRU frequency between the mice receiving HOXB4wt (CRU 1/834, n=18) and the mice receiving HOXB4-Δpro (CRU 1/413, n=18) expressing transplants. However, in mice transplanted with HOXB4wt (n=12) 45.3 % of the circulating cells belonged to the transduced compartment compared to 19.2% in the HOXB4-Δpro group (n=13) (p<0.006), whereas the lineage distribution within the transduced compartment did not differ between both experimental arms 16 wks post transplant. Of note and in contrast to HOXB4wt, mice engrafted with HOXB4-ΔPro BM cells (n=9) developed myeloproliferation with a significant increase of Mac-1 and Gr-1 positive cells over time in the PB (29% Gr1 and 43% Mac1 wk 4–16 compared to 71.2% Gr1 and 86.6% Mac1 week 36–56 wk, p<0.004). The HOXB4-ΔPro mice developed acute myeloid leukemia without maturation, as confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis after a median latency time of 279 days (n=9), while the mice transplanted with HOXB4wt expressing BM cells did not develop disease after an observation for more than 466 days (n=5, p<0.05). The AML in HOXB4-ΔPro mice was readily transplantable (66.5 days for 2nd Tx, n=6; 43 days for 3rd Tx, n=4) (p<0.05 compared to 1st recipients). In order to investigate the proviral integration pattern in the transplanted mice, we performed LM-PCR. In more than five HOXB4-Δpro mice we did not find recurrent integration sites. Taken together our results demonstrate that the N-terminal proline-rich region of HOXB4 has an important function for the stem cell amplifying function of HOXB4 and that loss of this domain converts HOXB4 in a leukemogenic gene.

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