scholarly journals Sequencing and Characterization of Five Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Isolates Implicated in Human Infections from Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin A. Tagg ◽  
Afreenish Amir ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Jessica C. Chen ◽  
Justin Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Human Infections

A large outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infections is ongoing in Pakistan, predominantly in Sindh Province. Here, we report the sequencing and characterization of five XDR Salmonella Typhi isolates from the Punjab province of Pakistan that are closely related to the outbreak strain and carry the same IncY plasmid.

scholarly journals Importation of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Cases in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Eshaghi ◽  
Sandra Zittermann ◽  
Amrita Bharat ◽  
Michael R. Mulvey ◽  
Vanessa G. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT A strain of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has caused a large ongoing outbreak in Pakistan since 2016. In Ontario, Canada, 10 cases of mainly bloodstream infections (n = 9) were identified in patients who traveled to Pakistan. Whole-genome sequencing showed that Canadian cases were genetically related to the Pakistan outbreak strain. The appearance of XDR typhoid cases in Ontario prompted a provincial wide alert to physicians to recommend treatment with carbapenems or azithromycin in suspected typhoid cases with travel history to Pakistan.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain from a Returned Traveler from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Hao ◽  
Tess Veuthey ◽  
Saharai Caldera ◽  
Paula Hayakawa Serpa ◽  
Barbara Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT We report a draft genome sequence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolated from a returned traveler from Pakistan who developed sepsis. Whole-genome sequencing revealed relatedness to a previously reported outbreak in Pakistan and identified the blaCTX-M-15 and qnrS resistance genes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Plasmids in Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Strains Isolated in India and Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim S. Jones ◽  
Maria J. Carvalho ◽  
Mark A. Toleman ◽  
P. Lewis White ◽  
Thomas R. Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Haemolyticus ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTTheblaNDM-1gene is associated with extensive drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. This probably spread toEnterobacteriaceaefromAcinetobacterspp., and we characterized plasmids associated withblaNDM-1inAcinetobacterspp. to gain insight into their role in this dissemination. Four clinical NDM-1-producingAcinetobacterspecies strains from India and Pakistan were investigated. A plasmid harboringblaNDM-1, pNDM-40-1, was characterized by whole-genome sequencing ofAcinetobacter bereziniaeCHI-40-1 and comparison with related plasmids. The presence of similar plasmids in strains from Pakistan was sought by PCR and sequencing of amplicons. Conjugation frequency was tested and stability of pNDM-40-1 investigated by real-time PCR of isolates passaged with and without antimicrobial selection pressure.A. bereziniaeandAcinetobacter haemolyticusstrains contained plasmids similar to the pNDM-BJ01-like plasmids identified inAcinetobacterspp. in China. The backbone of pNDM-40-1 was almost identical to that of pNDM-BJ01-like plasmids, but the transposon harboringblaNDM-1, Tn125, contained two short deletions.Escherichia coliandAcinetobacterpittiitransconjugants were readily obtained. Transconjugants retained pNDM-40-1 after a 14-day passage experiment, although stability was greater with meropenem selection. Fragments of pNDM-BJ01-like plasmid backbones are found nearblaNDM-1in some genetic contexts fromEnterobacteriaceae, suggesting that cross-genus transfer has occurred. pNDM-BJ01-like plasmids have been described in isolates originating from a wide geographical region in southern Asia.In vitrodata on plasmid transfer and stability suggest that these plasmids could have contributed to the spread ofblaNDM-1intoEnterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals The Gathering Storm: Is Untreatable Typhoid Fever on the Way?

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron M. Levine ◽  
Raphael Simon
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT Klemm et al. (mBio 9:e00105-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00105-18 ) present comprehensive antibiotic sensitivity patterns and genomic sequence data on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi blood culture isolates from typhoid fever cases during an epidemic in Pakistan. Microbiologic and genomic data pinpoint the identities and locations of the antimicrobial resistance genes and the outbreak strain’s lineage. They propose that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi be added to the list of bacterial pathogens of public health importance that have become extensively drug resistant (XDR). This paper portends possible dire scenarios for typhoid fever control if XDR strains disseminate globally. Since the outbreak strain is of the H58 haplotype, known for its ability to spread worldwide and displace endemic S . Typhi, this concern is well-founded. The report of Klemm et al. forewarns the global community to address control of typhoid fever more aggressively through prevention, should therapeutic options disappear. This Commentary frames the Klemm et al. findings within a historic perspective.

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Characterization of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Outbreak Strain and the Human Immune Response to Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohad Gal-Mor ◽  
Jotham Suez ◽  
Dana Elhadad ◽  
Steffen Porwollik ◽  
Eyal Leshem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTEnteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by theSalmonella entericahuman-adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Increasing incidence of infections withSalmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi A and the spreading of its antibiotic-resistant derivates pose a significant health concern in some areas of the world. Herein, we describe a molecular and phenotypic characterization of anS. Paratyphi A strain accounted for a recent paratyphoid outbreak in Nepal that affected at least 37 travelers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the outbreak isolates revealed one genetic clone (pulsotype), confirming a single infecting source. Genetic profiling of the outbreak strain demonstrated the contribution of specific bacteriophages as a prime source of genetic diversity among clinical isolates ofS. Paratyphi A. Phenotypic characterization in comparison with theS. Paratyphi A ATCC 9150 reference sequenced strain showed differences in flagellar morphology and increased abilities of the outbreak strain with respect to its motility, invasion into nonphagocytic cells, intracellular multiplication, survival within macrophages, and higher induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secreted by host cells. Collectively, these differences suggest an enhanced virulence potential of this strain and demonstrate an interesting phenotypic variation amongS. Paratyphi A isolates.In vivoprofiling of 16 inflammatory cytokines in patients infected with the outbreak strain revealed a common profile of a remarkable gamma interferon (IFN-γ) induction together with elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-15, but not IL-12, which was previously demonstrated as elevated in nontyphoidalSalmonellainfections. This apparent profile implies a distinct immune response to paratyphoid infections.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Four Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peechanika Chopjitt ◽  
Thidathip Wongsurawat ◽  
Piroon Jenjaroenpun ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Rujirat Hatrongjit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Isolate ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT Here, we report the complete genome sequences of four clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB), isolated in Thailand. These results revealed multiple antimicrobial-resistant genes, each involving two sequence type 16 (ST16) isolates, ST2, and a novel sequence type isolate, ST1479.

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Activity and MIC Distributions between the Novel Oxazolidinone Delpazolid and Linezolid against Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojing Zong ◽  
Wei Jing ◽  
Jin Shi ◽  
Shu'an Wen ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACT Oxazolidinones are efficacious in treating mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB) caused by drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we compared the in vitro activities and MIC distributions of delpazolid, a novel oxazolidinone, and linezolid against multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in China. Additionally, genetic mutations in 23S rRNA, rplC, and rplD genes were analyzed to reveal potential mechanisms underlying the observed oxazolidinone resistance. A total of 240 M. tuberculosis isolates were included in this study, including 120 MDR-TB isolates and 120 XDR-TB isolates. Overall, linezolid and delpazolid MIC90 values for M. tuberculosis isolates were 0.25 mg/liter and 0.5 mg/liter, respectively. Based on visual inspection, we tentatively set epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values for MIC determinations for linezolid and delpazolid at 1.0 mg/liter and 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. Although no significant difference in resistance rates was observed between linezolid and delpazolid among XDR-TB isolates (P > 0.05), statistical analysis revealed a significantly greater proportion of linezolid-resistant isolates than delpazolid-resistant isolates within the MDR-TB group (P = 0.036). Seven (53.85%) of 13 linezolid-resistant isolates were found to harbor mutations within the three target genes. Additionally, 1 isolate exhibited an amino acid substitution (Arg126His) within the protein encoded by rplD that contributed to high-level resistance to linezolid (MIC of >16 mg/liter), compared to a delpazolid MIC of 0.25. In conclusion, in vitro susceptibility testing revealed that delpazolid antibacterial activity was comparable to that of linezolid. A novel mutation within rplD that endowed M. tuberculosis with linezolid, but not delpazolid, resistance was identified.

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