scholarly journals Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Barnard ◽  
Tremylla Johnson ◽  
Tracy Ngo ◽  
Uma Arora ◽  
Gunilla Leuterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Propionibacterium species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Propionibacterium avidum, and Propionibacterium humerusii strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with P. acnes type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than P. acnes type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. P. acnes strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B12 supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated P. acnes strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most Propionibacterium strains harboring the deoR repressor gene, with the exception of P. acnes strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of P. acnes as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. IMPORTANCE Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of Propionibacterium acnes, the most dominant skin Propionibacterium, and other resident skin propionibacteria, including P. granulosum, P. avidum, and P. humerusii. We revealed that P. acnes type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.

scholarly journals Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph McLaughlin ◽  
Steven Watterson ◽  
Alison M. Layton ◽  
Anthony J. Bjourson ◽  
Emma Barnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Intraspecies Diversity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sequence Types

The anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the common skin disease acne vulgaris. Over the last 10 years our understanding of the taxonomic and intraspecies diversity of this bacterium has increased tremendously, and with it the realisation that particular strains are associated with skin health while others appear related to disease. This extensive review will cover our current knowledge regarding the association of P. acnes phylogroups, clonal complexes and sequence types with acne vulgaris based on multilocus sequence typing of isolates, and direct ribotyping of the P. acnes strain population in skin microbiome samples based on 16S rDNA metagenomic data. We will also consider how multi-omic and biochemical studies have facilitated our understanding of P. acnes pathogenicity and interactions with the host, thus providing insights into why certain lineages appear to have a heightened capacity to contribute to acne vulgaris development, while others are positively associated with skin health. We conclude with a discussion of new therapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation for acne vulgaris, including vaccination, and consider the potential of these treatments to also perturb beneficial lineages of P. acnes on the skin.

scholarly journals Strain-Level Differences in Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Propionibacterium acnes Elucidate Disease Associations

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tremylla Johnson ◽  
Dezhi Kang ◽  
Emma Barnard ◽  
Huiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Health And Disease

ABSTRACT Propionibacterium acnes is a dominant bacterium residing on skin, and it has been thought to play a causal role in several diseases including acne, a common skin disease affecting more than 80% of people worldwide. While specific strains of P. acnes have been associated with either disease or healthy skin, the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we showed that vitamin B12 supplementation increased porphyrin production in P. acnes, leading to acne development (D. Kang, B. Shi, M. C. Erfe, N. Craft, and H. Li, Sci. Transl. Med. 7:293ra103, 2015, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2009). Here, we reveal that the levels of porphyrin production and vitamin B12 regulation are different between acne- and health-associated strains, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism for disease-associated strains in acne pathogenesis and for health-associated strains in skin health. This study highlights the importance of understanding the strain-level differences of the human microbiota in disease pathogenesis. Our findings also suggest the porphyrin biosynthesis pathway as a candidate drug target and use of health-associated strains as potential probiotics in novel acne therapeutics. Propionibacterium acnes is an important skin commensal, but it is also considered a pathogenic factor in several diseases including acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease. While previous studies have revealed P. acnes strain-level differences in health and disease associations, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Recently, we demonstrated that vitamin B12 supplementation increases P. acnes production of porphyrins, a group of proinflammatory metabolites important in acne development (D. Kang, B. Shi, M. C. Erfe, N. Craft, and H. Li, Sci. Transl. Med. 7:293ra103, 2015, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2009). In this study, we compared the porphyrin production and regulation of multiple P. acnes strains. We revealed that acne-associated type IA-2 strains inherently produced significantly higher levels of porphyrins, which were further enhanced by vitamin B12 supplementation. On the other hand, health-associated type II strains produced low levels of porphyrins and did not respond to vitamin B12. Using a small-molecule substrate and inhibitor, we demonstrated that porphyrin biosynthesis was modulated at the metabolic level. We identified a repressor gene (deoR) of porphyrin biosynthesis that was carried in all health-associated type II strains, but not in acne-associated type IA-2 strains. The expression of deoR suggests additional regulation of porphyrin production at the transcriptional level in health-associated strains. Our findings provide one potential molecular mechanism for the different contributions of P. acnes strains to skin health and disease and support the role of vitamin B12 in acne pathogenesis. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of the commensal microbial community in health and disease at the strain level and suggests potential utility of health-associated P. acnes strains in acne treatment. IMPORTANCE Propionibacterium acnes is a dominant bacterium residing on skin, and it has been thought to play a causal role in several diseases including acne, a common skin disease affecting more than 80% of people worldwide. While specific strains of P. acnes have been associated with either disease or healthy skin, the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we showed that vitamin B12 supplementation increased porphyrin production in P. acnes, leading to acne development (D. Kang, B. Shi, M. C. Erfe, N. Craft, and H. Li, Sci. Transl. Med. 7:293ra103, 2015, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2009). Here, we reveal that the levels of porphyrin production and vitamin B12 regulation are different between acne- and health-associated strains, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism for disease-associated strains in acne pathogenesis and for health-associated strains in skin health. This study highlights the importance of understanding the strain-level differences of the human microbiota in disease pathogenesis. Our findings also suggest the porphyrin biosynthesis pathway as a candidate drug target and use of health-associated strains as potential probiotics in novel acne therapeutics.

Acne in aesthetics: a common skin condition and the practitioner's role in helping

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kev Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Skin Condition ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems

This article will provide a general overview of the pathophysiology of acne presentations that may be seen in aesthetic practice, as well as common problems associated with acne. Some of the common treatment modalities that can be used in aesthetic practice will then be discussed. By doing this, the author hopes that aesthetic practitioners will be more confident and more able to manage clients with this potentially debilitating condition.

scholarly journals Lipodermatosclerosis: the common skin condition often treated as cellulitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardeep Galsinh ◽  
Kanwaljit Singh ◽  
Lisa Smith
Keyword(s):  
Skin Condition ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common

Acne in Traditional Persian Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila SHIRBEIGI ◽  
Mohammadreza RAHBAR ◽  
Parvin MANSOURI ◽  
Mahboobeh SALMANIAN ◽  
Ali GHOBADI
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine ◽  
Contemporary Medicine

Background: Acne Vulgaris is a common skin condition in 35%-90% of youth. Although traditional methods of treating acne in Iran seem to be common and high demand, a few studies about this issue have been accomplished. This study aimed to find out how much definitions and recommendations about this condition in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) are similar to contemporary medicine. Methods: Seven main reference books from TPM were selected. The equivalents of acne in TPM were found and comparison of the definitions and recommendations of TPM and CM were extracted. Two diseases called Namlah and Bosoor-Labanieh were most similar to acne. These keywords were searched in TPM Books by using “Noor software”. Results: In TPM references, two diseases of “Namlah” and “Bosoor-Labanieh” are very similar to acne. The cause of these diseases in TPM textbooks has been explained as the effort of the body for the disposal of wastes through the skin and accumulation of them below it. The treatments are lifestyle modification, drug therapy, and manual interventions. Conclusion: Interventions of TPM have been experienced by Iranian physicians of the Old Testament over hundreds of years. There are meaningful similarities among TPM texts in descriptions and advice. In addition, there are remarkable similarities in the disease characteristics and some of the recommendations for acne in TPM and CM. The effectiveness and cost-benefit of the recommended TPM therapeutics and methods can be considered and evaluated as hypotheses for the case and group studies and clinical trials.

scholarly journals O Impacto Psicossocial da Acne Vulgar / The Psychosocial Impact of Acne Vulgaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 351-367
Author(s):  
Luísna Gabriela Aguiar Lobo De Resende ◽  
Gabriel Cardoso Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Erica Carvalho Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Aesthetic

A acne é uma afecção cutânea comum, que atinge cerca de 80% da população em alguma fase da vida. Além da parte estética, a acne abrange consequências psicológicas e sociais que podem afetar a qualidade de vida, saúde psíquica e a autoestima dos pacientes. O presente estudo de revisão narrativa bibliográfica, investigou os aspectos principais   do impacto psicossocial em pessoas com acne vulgar. Constatou-se que vários danos são gerados para os acometidos por essa patologia, entre eles estão: ansiedade, fobia social, depressão, insegurança, timidez, sintomas obsessivos compulsivos e transtorno dismórfico corporal. Tendo em vista os resultados apontados, confirmou-se que o tratamento adequado e efetivo apresenta grande melhora no quadro dos pacientes. Diante dos malefícios que a acne promove para vida da população é necessário compreendê-la como uma doença e não apenas como uma disfunção estética. ---Acne is a common skin condition that affects about 80% of the population at some stage of life.  In addition to the aesthetic part, acne includes psychological and social consequences that can affect the quality of life, mental health, and self-esteem of patients.  The present study of a bibliographic narrative review investigated the main aspects of the psychosocial impact on people with acne vulgaris.  It was found that several damages are generated for those affected by this pathology, including anxiety, social phobia, depression, insecurity, shyness, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and body dysmorphic disorder.  In view of the above results, it was confirmed that the adequate and effective treatment presents a great improvement in the patients' condition.  In view of the harm that acne causes to the population's life, it is necessary to understand it as a disease and not just an aesthetic dysfunction. 

scholarly journals Guidelines for the management of Acne Vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Werner Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
General Medical Practitioners

Background: Acne vulgaris is a very common skin condition that, in the vast majority, can and should be effectively managed by general medical practitioners. Several guideline documents for management thereof exist and there is an overwhelmingly large, confusing literature bank available on the topic. Methods: This article summarises and simplifies the main guideline documents that have been published over the last few years to present the results in an algorithmic approach to the treatment of the different types and grades of acne. Disclaimer: Adherence to these guidelines will not ensure successful treatment in every situation and should not be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results.

scholarly journals Faulty Dietary Habits vis-à-vis Acne Vulgaris: An Epidemiological Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talekar Manisha ◽  
Mandal Sisir Kumar ◽  
Deshmukh Prashant Nareshrao ◽  
Vaish Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Glycemic Index

Background: In day to day life, person consumes an incompatible diet and faulty food habits which leads to most of the diseases. Yuvanapidaka (Acne vulgaris) is one of the common skin disease which is affected by faulty dietary intake.Aims and Objective: To conduct a survey study on faulty dietary habits in Acne vulgaris patients and to find out cause-effect relationship between them.Materials and Methods: Total 210 patients having signs and symptoms of Acne vulgaris were selected from NIA O.P.D., I.P.D., various camps in Jaipur & certain junk food outlets. Patients were screened on the basis of specially prepared questionnaires.Results: On survey study, 100% patients were consuming Junk food & dairy products & incompatible diet. Maximum no. of patients was taking high glycemic index diets which play an important role in aggravation of acne.Conclusion: Maximum prevalence of faulty dietary habits was found in patients. So it was concluded that dairy products, incompatible diets, high glycemic index diet, junk foods which is responsible for formation of acne vulgaris. 

CLINICO-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF PATIENTS OF ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS AT SKMCH, MUZAFFARPUR, BIHAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Barunesh Kishore ◽  
Birendra Prasad ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Familial Type ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common

Aims of the study to evaluate the clinical features and demographic data of acanthosis nigricans and nd out the common disorders associated with acanthosis nigricans. Present study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Total 50 patients selected for this study, 47 were female and 3 were male. Most common age group affected with AN in this study is 21- 30 years with 34% patients and another24 % patients were between 11- 20 years and 2% patients were more than 60 years of age. Acanthosis nigricans is a common skin condition which may affect all age group and the list of underlying cause is extensive ranging from a simple benign familial type through syndromic to malignant cause. Clinician should be aware of this and have to nd out the underlying condition and patient should be managed appropriately at the earliest.

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