Serine Metabolism Tunes Immune Responses To Promote
            Oreochromis niloticus
            Survival upon
            Edwardsiella tarda
            Infection

Bacterial virulence factors are not the only factors responsible for host death. Overactive immune responses, such as cytokine storm, contribute to tissue injury that results in organ failure and ultimately the death of the host.

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The Effects of a Dietary Edwardsiella tarda Specific Bacteriophage and Bacillus subtilis Mixture on Innate Immune Responses and Antibacterial Activity of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.5657/kfas.2014.0023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Min Suk Baek ◽

Yo Sep Hwang ◽

Sanghoon Choi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Edwardsiella Tarda ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Specific Bacteriophage

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-distance delivery of bacterial virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1160071.623233 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Fergal O'Gara

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Long Distance ◽

Distance Delivery

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Effects of Green Alga, Chaetomorpha aerea Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Labeo rohita

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4325

Author(s):

Govindharajan Sattanathan ◽

Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan ◽

Nadeem Raza ◽

Syed Qaswar Ali Shah ◽

Muhammad Zubair Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Green Alga ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Edwardsiella Tarda ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Salt Solution ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Chaetomorpha Aerea

The current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from Chaetomorpha aerea (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Labeo rohita. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) were injected into the fish intraperitoneally while a control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterile physiological salt solution. Variations in several immunostimulatory parameters (i.e., neutrophil, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, serum antiprotease, and ceruloplasmin activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of post stimulation. E. tarda culture was injected into the fish after 28 days of post stimulation to induce infection to monitor fish mortality within 14 days. Interestingly, all doses of methanolic extract enhanced neutrophil, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activity, ROS and RNS, while a dose of 50 mg/kg was the most effective. Fish injected with this optimal dose were also protected against infection with virulent strain of E. tarda. The results of the study suggest that C. aerea extract is a potential prophylactic agent against bacterial infections in finfish.

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The immune response of T cells and therapeutic targets related to regulating the levels of T helper cells after ischaemic stroke

Journal of Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1186/s12974-020-02057-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tian-Yu Lei ◽

Ying-Ze Ye ◽

Xi-Qun Zhu ◽

Daniel Smerin ◽

Li-Juan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Immune System ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThrough considerable effort in research and clinical studies, the immune system has been identified as a participant in the onset and progression of brain injury after ischaemic stroke. Due to the involvement of all types of immune cells, the roles of the immune system in stroke pathology and associated effects are complicated. Past research concentrated on the functions of monocytes and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke and tried to demonstrate the mechanisms of tissue injury and protection involving these immune cells. Within the past several years, an increasing number of studies have elucidated the vital functions of T cells in the innate and adaptive immune responses in both the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke. Recently, the phenotypes of T cells with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory function have been demonstrated in detail. T cells with distinctive phenotypes can also influence cerebral inflammation through various pathways, such as regulating the immune response, interacting with brain-resident immune cells and modulating neurogenesis and angiogenesis during different phases following stroke. In view of the limited treatment options available following stroke other than tissue plasminogen activator therapy, understanding the function of immune responses, especially T cell responses, in the post-stroke recovery period can provide a new therapeutic direction. Here, we discuss the different functions and temporal evolution of T cells with different phenotypes during the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke. We suggest that modulating the balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of T cells with distinct phenotypes may become a potential therapeutic approach that reduces the mortality and improves the functional outcomes and prognosis of patients suffering from ischaemic stroke.

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Interference of quorum sensing regulated bacterial virulence factors and biofilms by Plumbago zeylanica extract

Microscopy Research and Technique ◽

10.1002/jemt.23872 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Faizan Abul Qais ◽

Iqbal Ahmad ◽

Fohad Mabood Husain ◽

Suliman Y. Alomar ◽

Naushad Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Plumbago Zeylanica

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A Novel Line Immunoassay Based on Recombinant Virulence Factors Enables Highly Specific and Sensitive Serologic Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00433-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1703-1710 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Luca Formichella ◽

Laura Romberg ◽

Christian Bolz ◽

Michael Vieth ◽

Michael Geppert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Type I ◽

Serologic Test ◽

Content Type ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pyloricolonizes half of the world's population, and infection can lead to ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Serology is the only test applicable for large-scale, population-based screening, but current tests are hampered by a lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Also, no serologic test allows the differentiation of type I and type II strains, which is important for predicting the clinical outcome.H. pylorivirulence factors have been associated with disease, but direct assessment of virulence factors requires invasive methods to obtain gastric biopsy specimens. Our work aimed at the development of a highly sensitive and specific, noninvasive serologic test to detect immune responses to importantH. pylorivirulence factors. This line immunoassay system (recomLine) is based on recombinant proteins. For this assay, six highly immunogenic virulence factors (CagA, VacA, GroEL, gGT, HcpC, and UreA) were expressed inEscherichia coli, purified, and immobilized to nitrocellulose membranes to detect serological immune responses in patient's sera. For the validation of the line assay, a cohort of 500 patients was screened, of which 290 (58.0%) wereH. pylorinegative and 210 (42.0%) were positive by histology. The assay showed sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% and 96.2%, respectively, compared to histology. In direct comparison to lysate blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), therecomLine assay had increased discriminatory power. For the assessment of individual risk for gastrointestinal disease, the test must be validated in a larger and defined patient cohort. Taking the data together, therecomLine assay provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis ofH. pyloriinfection.

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