Supplementation with Exogenous Catalase from Penicillium notatum in the Diet Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Oxidative Damage through Affecting Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Microbiota in Weaned Pigs

Tea tree oil (TTO) exerts key roles in improving growth performance of pigs. However, knowledge is limited regarding comparative effects of Encp TTO and Un-encp TTO supplementation on growth performance of pigs. A study determined the effects of TTO or its capsulation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiome of weaned pigs. A total of 144 healthy pigs (8.5 ± 0.24 kg) were subjected to four treatments for a 28-d trial with six replicates per treatment and six pigs per pen: negative control, NC; positive control, PC (antibiotic supplemented); Un-encp TTO (supplemented with unencapsulated TTO); Encp TTO (supplemented with encapsulated TTO). NC, TTO, and PC treatments were compared with regard to improved average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology (p < 0.05) and decreased diarrhea rate. TTO- and PC-treated pigs had higher levels of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and immunoglobulin G; lower levels of liver aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; and improved concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-1β (p < 0.05). TTO- and PC-treated pigs had higher abundance of beneficial bacterial species Subdoligranulum and lower abundance of diarrhea associated species Escherichia–Shigella in cecal and colonic digesta (p < 0.05). Encapsulation of TTO preserved more activities of TTO than its unencapsulated counterpart by showing higher ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion rate during day 1 (d1) to d14 (p < 0.05) and tended to lower diarrhea rate (p = 0.083) and improve villous height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio (p = 0.089) in jejunum. Encapsulation of TTO also improved antioxidant indexes and decreased liver injury and inflammation accordingly (p < 0.05). Encapsulated TTO-treated pigs had higher abundance of beneficial Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and lower the abundance of harmful Escherichia–Shigella in cecal and colonic digesta (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated TTO benefits on improving growth performance of weaned pigs and further proved that encapsulation of TTO was superior to its unencapsulated counterpart at multiples. Encapsulated TTO was similar to the PC group and could be potentially an alternative of feed antibiotics for weaned pigs.

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PSV-20 Effects of fortified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of newly weaned pigs under chronic dietary challenges of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 198-199

Author(s):

Debora Muratori Holanda ◽

Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Hepatic Function ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Mucosal Tissues ◽

Cell Wall Extract ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Pigs are highly susceptible to both aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol. The study aim at investigating the effects of a fortified yeast cell wall extract (YCW-DTX; Mycosorb D+, Alltech, Lexington, KY) on growth and health of newly weaned pigs under chronic dietary challenges of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol. Forty-eight newly weaned pigs (21 d old) were individually housed and allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (sex; initial BW) with 2 factors for 35 d based on 3 phases. Two factors were mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol: 0 or 2 mg/kg during all phases and aflatoxin: 0 or 0.2 mg/kg during phase 3) and YCW-DTX (0 or 0.2%). On d 35, all pigs were euthanized to collect mucosal tissues from the jejunum to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-8) and oxidative damage markers (malondialdehydes and protein carbonyls). Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG during the entire period whereas YCW-DTX did not affect growth performance of pigs. Mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) serum albumin, creatinine, ALT, and total protein concentrations whereas YCW-DTX increased (P < 0.05) glucose, decreased (P < 0.05) CPK, and tended to decrease AST (P = 0.051) and BUN/creatinine (P = 0.087) in serum. Neither mycotoxins nor YCW-DTX affected pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage markers in jejunal mucosal tissues. In conclusion, mycotoxins impaired growth performance and hepatic function of newly weaned pigs. The commercial additive partly improved hepatic function and maintained growth performance.

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Vitamin A with L-ascorbic acid sodium salt improves the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity of weaned pigs

animal ◽

10.1016/j.animal.2020.100133 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100133

Author(s):

H.B. Zhou ◽

X.Y. Huang ◽

Z. Bi ◽

Y.H. Hu ◽

F.Q. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Sodium Salt ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Acid Sodium Salt

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Comparative effects of enzymolytic soybean meal and antibiotics in diets on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in weaned pigs

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 47-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

X.K. Ma ◽

Q.H. Shang ◽

Q.Q. Wang ◽

J.X. Hu ◽

X.S. Piao

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Weaned Pigs

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Effects of porcine bile acids on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114931 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114931

Author(s):

A.Z. Cao ◽

W.Q. Lai ◽

W.W. Zhang ◽

B. Dong ◽

Q.Q. Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Weaned Pigs

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Influences of Selenium-Enriched Yeast on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Pigs Exposure to Oxidative Stress

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5533210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Lei Liu ◽

Daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Yuheng Luo ◽

Zhiqing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Tnf Α

This study elucidated the function role of dietary selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs exposure to oxidative stress. Thirty-two similarity weight pigs were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) nonchallenged control, (2) control+SeY, (3) control+diquat, and (4) control+SeY+diquat. The period of experiment was 21 days; on day 16, pigs were injected with diquat or sterile saline. Results revealed that oxidative stress was notably detrimental to the growth performance of piglets, but SeY supplementation ameliorated this phenomenon, which might be regarding the increasing of body antioxidant capacity and immune functions. In details, SeY supplementation improved the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ash, and gross energy (GE). Moreover, the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were reduced via SeY supplemented, and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA), IgG, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were improved in the diquat-challenged pigs ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, SeY supplementation acutely enhanced the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the liver and thymus upon diquat challenge, which involved with the upregulation of the critical genes related antioxidant signaling such as the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) ( P < 0.05 ). Importantly, we also found that SeY supplementation apparently reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver, thymus, and serum ( P < 0.05 ). Specifically, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver and thymus were downregulated by SeY upon diquat challenge. These results suggested that SeY can attenuate oxidative stress-induced growth retardation, which was associated with elevating body antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and suppressed inflammatory response.

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