scholarly journals Expression of a Cutinase of Moniliophthora roreri with Polyester and PET-Plastic Residues Degradation Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vázquez-Alcántara ◽  
Rosa María Oliart-Ros ◽  
Arturo García-Bórquez ◽  
Carolina Peña-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Process ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri

Plastic pollution is exponentially increasing; even the G20 has recognized an urgent need to implement actions to reduce it. In recent years, searching for enzymes that can degrade plastics, especially those based on polyesters such as PET, has been increasing as they can be a green alternative to the actual plastic degradation process.

scholarly journals Microbial Degradation of Plastics and Approaches to Make it More Efficient

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-701
Author(s):  
I. B. Kotova ◽  
Yu. V. Taktarova ◽  
E. A. Tsavkelova ◽  
M. A. Egorova ◽  
I. A. Bubnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Plastic Degradation

Abstract— The growing worldwide production of synthetic plastics leads to increased amounts of plastic pollution. Even though microbial degradation of plastics is known to be a very slow process, this capacity has been found in many bacteria, including invertebrate symbionts, and microscopic fungi. Research in this field has been mostly focused on microbial degradation of polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Quite an arsenal of different methods is available today for detecting processes of plastic degradation and measuring their rates. Given the lack of generally accepted protocols, it is difficult to compare results presented by different authors. PET degradation by recombinant hydrolases from thermophilic actinobacteria happens to be the most efficient among the currently known plastic degradation processes. Various approaches to accelerating microbial plastic degradation are also discussed.

scholarly journals Surfing and dining on the “plastisphere”: Microbial life on plastic marine debris

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Marina Quero ◽  
Gian Marco Luna
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Microbes ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Plastic Degradation

Plastic marine debris represents a global threat for the marine environment, having serious consequences for the ocean, the wildlife and the human health. While the plastics distribution, fate, persistence and toxicity mechanisms for the marine fauna have been more studied in the last decade, small efforts have been devoted to identify and characterize marine microbes that colonize plastic and microplastic debris in the ocean, and their potential to degrade plastics. Here we review the knowledge on the microbial biodiversity and degradation mechanisms of marine plastic debris, and present data, based on metagenomic analyses, on the distribution patterns of genes potentially involved in microbially-mediated plastic degradation in coastal locations across the global ocean. Most studies on plastic-colonizing microbes have focused on seawater rather than sediment, with most studies underlining striking differences in composition between assemblages attached to plastic particles and those in the surrounding environment. The diversity of microbes attached to plastic is high, and the core epiplastic microbial assemblages include often hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs. Several marine microbes have shown to be able to degrade or deteriorate plastic in the laboratory, or to grow on plastic as the only source of carbon, while indirect evidences suggest that microbially-mediated degradation of recalcitrant plastics also occur in the ocean, though at very low rates. Metagenomic analyses show that plastic degradation-related genes are present in microbial assemblages in several coastal ocean sites, with relative abundance related to the magnitude of plastic pollution at each site. Further research is required to study microbial plastic-degraders in the marine ecosystem, to decipher and exploit the potential of microbial consortia to degrade or mineralize plastic compounds, and to better understand the fate and residence times of plastic waste in the ocean.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Plastic degradation by Coriolopsis byrsina, an identified white-rot, soil-borne mangrove fungal isolate from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-871
Author(s):  
NENGAH DWIANITA KUSWYTASARI ◽  
ALFIA R KURNIAWATI ◽  
NUR HIDAYATUL ALAMI ◽  
ENNY ZULAIKA ◽  
MAYA SHOVITRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

 Abstract. Kuswytasari ND, Kurniawati AR, Alami NH, Zulaika E, Shovitri M, Oh KM, Puspaningsih TP, Ni’matuzahroh. 2019. Plastic degradation by Coriolopsis byrsina, an identified white-rot, soil-borne mangrove fungal isolate from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 867-871. The work deals with an important environmental issue, the disposal of plastic waste. The degradation of plastic by white-rot fungi of soil-borne mangrove isolate, T1P2, from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, was investigated using Minimal Salt Medium and the ability of the degradation was indicated as the amount of degradation efficiency. Analysis of the 18S rDNA sequence successfully identified the ligninolitic fungal isolated, T1P2, as Coriolopsis byrsina. The results have been revealed that C. byrsina have more potential to degrade plastic with maximum % DE was 22,7% for six weeks compared with the enzymatic plastic degradation reached 6,3% for two days. However, this study needs to do further investigation of extracellular enzyme that involved in degradation process.  

scholarly journals Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Oliveira ◽  
Afonso Belchior ◽  
Verônica D. da Silva ◽  
Ana Rotter ◽  
Željko Petrovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Marine Environmental

Plastics are very useful materials and present numerous advantages in the daily life of individuals and society. However, plastics are accumulating in the environment and due to their low biodegradability rate, this problem will persist for centuries. Until recently, oceans were treated as places to dispose of litter, thus the persistent substances are causing serious pollution issues. Plastic and microplastic waste has a negative environmental, social, and economic impact, e.g., causing injury/death to marine organisms and entering the food chain, which leads to health problems. The development of solutions and methods to mitigate marine (micro)plastic pollution is in high demand. There is a knowledge gap in this field, reason why research on this thematic is increasing. Recent studies reported the biodegradation of some types of polymers using different bacteria, biofilm forming bacteria, bacterial consortia, and fungi. Biodegradation is influenced by several factors, from the type of microorganism to the type of polymers, their physicochemical properties, and the environment conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, UV radiation). Currently, green environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic made from renewable feedstocks are starting to enter the market. This review covers the period from 1964 to April 2020 and comprehensively gathers investigation on marine plastic and microplastic pollution, negative consequences of plastic use, and bioplastic production. It lists the most useful methods for plastic degradation and recycling valorization, including degradation mediated by microorganisms (biodegradation) and the methods used to detect and analyze the biodegradation.

scholarly journals A marine bacterial community that degrades poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyethylene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Gao ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractPlastic wastes have become the most common form of marine debris and present a growing global pollution problem. Recently, microorganisms-mediated degradation has become a most promising way to accomplish the eventual bioremediation of plastic wastes due to their prominent degradation potentials. Here, a marine bacterial community which could efficiently colonize and degrade both poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene (PE) was discovered through a screening with hundreds of plastic waste associated samples. Using absolute quantitative 16S rRNA sequencing and cultivation methods, we obtained the abundances and pure cultures of three bacteria mediating plastic degradation. We further reconstituted a tailored bacterial community containing above three bacteria and demonstrated its efficient degradation of PET and PE through various techniques. The released products from PET and PE degraded by the reconstituted bacterial community were determined by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally, the plastic degradation process and potential mechanisms mediated by the reconstituted bacterial community were elucidated through transcriptomic methods. Overall, this study establishes a stable and effective marine bacterial community for PET and PE degradation and sheds light on the degradation pathways and associated mechanistic processes, which paves a way to develop a microbial inoculant against plastic wastes.

A 2D mesoporous photocatalyst constructed by the modification of biochar on BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets for enhancing the TC-HCl degradation activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yan ◽  
Xu Tang ◽  
Changchang Ma ◽  
Hai Huang ◽  
Kesheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Process ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Ultrathin Nanosheets ◽  
Degradation Activity

The possible separation and transfer of charge carriers in the 15C/BiOCl materials over the TC-HCl degradation process.

scholarly journals Biodegradable plastic modification from durian seed starch and shrimp chitosan with the addition of plasticiziers glycerol and polyglycerol using microwaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Saud Salomo ◽  
◽  
Astri Devi Br Pakpahan ◽  
Dea Gracella Siagian ◽  
Grecy Kristina Tampubolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Durian Seed ◽  
Biodegradation Test

Plastic waste takes up to 450 years to decompose. These problems can be overcome by creating other alternatives, one of which is by using biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics made from natural polymers that are easily degraded by microorganisms. This study aims to examine the effect of the amount of plasticizer on the length of the degradation process and the effect of using microwaves on the length of time for molding biodegradable plastic. This biodegradable plastic is made by combining durian seed starch, shrimp chitosan and plasticizers in the form of glycerol and polyglycerol with volume variations of 1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, 4 mL, and 5 mL. This polymerization was carried out using a microwave with a power of 100 watts for 60 minutes. The resulting biodegradable plastics were characterized using the FTIR test, the Mechanical Properties test, the Absorbency test, and the Biodegradation test to determine the quality of the biodegradable plastic. The results of this study indicate the greatest tensile strength value is 1.9768 MPa, the largest elongation value is 21.2772%, the smallest water absorption is 45.40% for 5 minutes, and the largest degraded mass is 0.908 grams for 7 days. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the use of polyglycerol can accelerate the plastic degradation process. In addition, the use of microwaves can speed up the molding time of biodegradable plastics.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

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