scholarly journals Biodegradable plastic modification from durian seed starch and shrimp chitosan with the addition of plasticiziers glycerol and polyglycerol using microwaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Saud Salomo ◽  
◽  
Astri Devi Br Pakpahan ◽  
Dea Gracella Siagian ◽  
Grecy Kristina Tampubolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Durian Seed ◽  
Biodegradation Test

Plastic waste takes up to 450 years to decompose. These problems can be overcome by creating other alternatives, one of which is by using biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics made from natural polymers that are easily degraded by microorganisms. This study aims to examine the effect of the amount of plasticizer on the length of the degradation process and the effect of using microwaves on the length of time for molding biodegradable plastic. This biodegradable plastic is made by combining durian seed starch, shrimp chitosan and plasticizers in the form of glycerol and polyglycerol with volume variations of 1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, 4 mL, and 5 mL. This polymerization was carried out using a microwave with a power of 100 watts for 60 minutes. The resulting biodegradable plastics were characterized using the FTIR test, the Mechanical Properties test, the Absorbency test, and the Biodegradation test to determine the quality of the biodegradable plastic. The results of this study indicate the greatest tensile strength value is 1.9768 MPa, the largest elongation value is 21.2772%, the smallest water absorption is 45.40% for 5 minutes, and the largest degraded mass is 0.908 grams for 7 days. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the use of polyglycerol can accelerate the plastic degradation process. In addition, the use of microwaves can speed up the molding time of biodegradable plastics.

Landfill Gas Detection in Leachate Pipe: A Consideration for Design Improvement of Leachate Piping and Gas Venting Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Mohd Amir Zaid bin Ghazali ◽  
Nasiman bin Sapari ◽  
Emmanuel Olisa ◽  
Hisyam Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Leachate Quality

Landfill provides simple and economic means of solid waste disposal. However, it causes negative effects to the environment due to leachate generation and greenhouse gas emissions. Current trends in landfill design allow aerobic or semi aerobic processes to take place inside the landfill to speed up degradation process and reduce odour. In Malaysia, the semi aerobic system of landfill design is adopted. This paper presents the study of the gas venting system and leachate quality of the semi aerobic landfill. The gas samples were collected from the end of the leachate pipe and the gas vent of a sanitary landfill by the water displacement method. Raw leachate samples from the landfill leachate ponds were collected and the COD of the samples were measured. The concentration of methane gas escaping from the leachate pipe was found to be around 13%. The COD content of the raw leachate was found to be more than 15000 mg/l. The improvement of landfill gas collection in Malaysia is recommended.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Degradation Process of Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Artificial Urine for Use as a Bioresorbable Material in the Treatment of Urethral Injuries

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagoda Kurowiak ◽  
Agnieszka Kaczmarek-Pawelska ◽  
Agnieszka G. Mackiewicz ◽  
Romuald Bedzinski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Hydrogels from natural polymers such as sodium alginate have great potential in regenerative medicine because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, bioresorption ability, and relatively low cost. Sodium alginate, a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is the most widely investigated and used biomaterial in biomedical applications. Alginate dressings are also useful as a delivery platform in order to provide a controlled release of therapeutic substances (e.g., pain-relieving, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agents). In our work, we aimed to analyze process of degradation of alginate hydrogels. We also describe an original hybrid crosslinking process by using not one, as usual, but a mixture of two crosslinking agents (calcium chloride and barium chloride). We proved that different crosslinking agents allow producing hydrogels with a spectrum of mechanical properties, similar to the urethra tissue. Hydrogels were formed using a dip-coating technique, and then examined by mechanical testing, FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and resorption on artificial urine. Obtained hydrogels have a different degradation rate in artificial urine, and they can be used as a material for healing of urethra injuries, especially urethra strictures, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN NANAS (Ananas comosus) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Maria Natalia ◽  
Wirananditami Hazrifawati ◽  
Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

Biodegradable plastic (bioplastics) is a polymer that can be degraded and made from renewable sources, including cellulose obtained from pineapple leaves. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of bioplastics from cellulose, determine the optimum conditions based on the concentration of chitosan variations on cellulose solution and the addition of glycerol plasticizers to the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic produced. This study begins with the manufacture of cellulose from pineapple leaves through a process of delignification and bleaching and then making biodegradable plastic 1% cellulose raw material with a variation of chitosan with a variation of 1%; 2%; 3% and the addition of plasticizer glycerol 1%, 2% and 3% (v/v). The results obtained will be observed by tensile tests, SEM tests, swelling tests, and biodegradation. The results obtained in the morphological test with the SEM test showed that cellulose was not evenly distributed. The tensile strength test for the addition of chitosan showed that the concentration of 3% had the highest tensile strength value of 11.8 MPa while the tensile strength of the addition of glycerol showed that the concentration of 3% had the highest tensile strength value of 3.6 MPa. The swelling test shows that glycerol concentration influences biodegradable plastic water resistance and glycerol 3% has the highest percentage of water resistance, 16.6%. In the biodegradable plastic degradation test with 3% glycerol experiencing the fastest degradation, this shows that glycerol has an effect on biodegradable plastic degradation

scholarly journals The Effect of Stocking Temperature on Biodegradable Plastic Characteristics of Suweg Tuber (Amorphophallus campanulatus) with Addition of Glycerol and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Layung Sari ◽  
Endaruji Sedyadi ◽  
Irwan Nugraha ◽  
Didik Krisdiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Research that uses Suweg tubers as the basic material for making biodegradable plastics has been carried out.. This research aims to determine the effect of stirring temperature on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic. Suweg tuber starch preparation is done as the manufacture of biodegradable plastic. Manufacture of biodegradable plastics made by mixing suweg tuber starch, glycerol, and acetic acid, as well as the CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). The manufacture of biodegradable plastic is carried out in two stages, namely stirring temperature variations (80⁰C, 85⁰C, 90⁰C, and 95⁰C) and the addition of CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). Tests carried out include FTIR test, mechanical test and biodegradation test. FTIR test is carried out to determine the functional groups contained in plasticThe test of plastic mechanical properties was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of plastics, such as tensile strength, elongation, and thickness. Biodegradation tests are carried out on the ground to determine the level of plastic degradation while in the environment. The results showed that the effect of temperature affected the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic produced. Mechanical tests of stirring temperature variations with the addition of glycerol resulted in tensile strength, elongation, and thickness values of 80⁰C at 10.43 MPa; 2.08%; 85⁰C at 28.52 MPa; 1.60%, 90⁰C of 29.76 MPa; 2.18%, and 95⁰C of 32.49 MPa; 2.05%. These results can be seen that the largest biodegradable plastic tensile strength is found in temperature variations of 95⁰C, with a tensile strength of 32.49 MPa elongation 2.05%, and a thickness of 0.12 mm.. Mechanical properties test of temperature variation with the addition of glycerol and CMC resulted in the value of tensile strength, elongation, and temperature thickness of 80⁰C at 18.68 Mpa; 12.22%, 85⁰C equal to 14.69 MPa; 9.16%, 90⁰C of 16.71 MPa; 14.72%, 95⁰C of 13.94 MPa; 14.166%. These results can be seen that the largest biodegradable plastic tensile strength is found at 80⁰C temperature variations of 18.68 MPa, 12.22% elongation, 0.14 mm thickness. FTIR test, the biodegradable plastic produced, it is known that the plastic group produced is like CH, ester or ether. Plastic bio degradation test on soil, plastic with a temperature variation of 95⁰C has been degraded after 8 days, while plastic with the addition of CMC is degraded faster, for 7 days.

scholarly journals The Performance and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic from Tapioca Starch: Effect of Modified Chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Lia Ernita ◽  
Medyan Riza ◽  
Syaubari Syaubari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Modified Chitosan

The performance and characterization of biodegradable plastic from tapioca starch was studied. Modified the chitosan was one of the ingredients for produce  the biodegradable plastics. The produced biodegradable polastic were thin sheet plastic, elastic and transparent. The biodegradable plastic performance had tensile strength between 2,26-3.73 Mpa, elongation ranges from 17.24 to 76.76%, and water absorption ranges from 30.81-268.9%. In antioxidant analyze, apples are wrapped in plastic and had significant mechanical properties changes on 8th day.Morphology scanning result showed that in the chitosan-polyNIPAM there were no cavities may caused high hydrophilicity in the biodegradable plastic.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Zulisma Anita ◽  
Fauzi Akbar ◽  
Hamidah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Main Material

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin asa base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding glycerol in the process of making biodegradable plastic from cassava peel waste. In this research, the study of bioplastic manufacturing mixed starch with glycerol as a plastisizer to do variations of the glycerol. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet of plastic (plastic film) that have been tested mechanical properties obtained optimum data variables namely cassava starch composition 3,5%, and the power og pull 0,02122Mpa, and plastic film storage time for 14 days.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic with Basic Materials of “Singkong Onggok” - Pectin Peel of “Jeruk Bali” (Citrus Maxima) – Plasticizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Laelatun Maghfiroh ◽  
Kartini Fauziah Hanum ◽  
Endaruji Sedyadi ◽  
Irwan Nugraha ◽  
Fatchul Anam Nurlaili
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Biodegradation Test

Biodegradable plastic made from pectin pell of “jeruk bali” has been carried out. Pectin is obtained by extraction methods and for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics with hot-blending methods. The characteristics of the mechanical biodegradable plastics are determined  by  tensile  strength  and  elongation,  and  biodegradation  test  of  biodegradable  plastics.  The  results  of  manufacture biodegradable plastic with the addition of pectin 5g was the best result with a tensile strength value of 195.35 MPa, and an elongation value of around 15.73 - 33.40%. Plastics with the variation of sorbitol starch composition as much as 1.5 g with 1 ml sorbitol each having a tensile strength of 61.29 MPa and elongation value of 14.30%. Plastic with a variation of 1.5 ml sorb itol has a tensile strength value of 118.93 MPa and an elongation value of 16.73%. Plastic with a variation of 2 ml sorbitol has a tensile strength value of 79.67 MPa and an elongation value of 17.63%.

Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi, Dan Sistem Pengendalian Intern Terhadap Ketepatwaktuan Pelaporan Keuangan Pemerintah Desa

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Marlinawati Marlinawati ◽  
Dewi Kusuma Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Control System ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Village Government

The purpose of this research is to know the influence between the Quality of Human Resources, Utilization of Information Technology and Internal Control System Against Timeliness of Village Government Financial Reporting at Gunungkidul Regency. This research is causative research. The population is the village government in Gunungkidul Regency, especially in Gedangsari subdistrict. Criteria of respondents in the study were to village and village apparatus. We use questionnaire to collect data. We use multiple regression with SPSS program version 16.0 to analyze data. We find that quality of human resources and internal control system have a positive influence on the timeliness of village government financial reporting. On the other hand, utilization of information technology does not influence the timeliness of village government financial reporting. These imply that the quality of human resources and internal control system can speed up the preparation of village government financial reporting.

Methods of parallel computing for multilevel fuzzy Takagi – Sugeno systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
S.V. Yershov ◽  
◽  
R.М. Ponomarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Diagnostic Software ◽  
Takagi Sugeno

Parallel tiered and dynamic models of the fuzzy inference in expert-diagnostic software systems are considered, which knowledge bases are based on fuzzy rules. Tiered parallel and dynamic fuzzy inference procedures are developed that allow speed up of computations in the software system for evaluating the quality of scientific papers. Evaluations of the effectiveness of parallel tiered and dynamic schemes of computations are constructed with complex dependency graph between blocks of fuzzy Takagi – Sugeno rules. Comparative characteristic of the efficacy of parallel-stacked and dynamic models is carried out.

Pengaruh Tekanan dan Penggunaan Conplast terhadap Sifat Mekanik Eternit dari Abu Cangkang Sawit

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Test Result

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of pressure and use of conplast against mechanical properties which are a Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of plasterboard. The study is done because still low quality of plasterboard made from a mixture of ashes of oil-palm shell especially of the mechanical properties compared to the controls. The method of this reserach used variation of printed pressure and the addition of conplast. Test result is obtained that the highest value of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) 90875.94 Kg/cm2, Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 61.16 Kg/cm2 and density values in generally good printed at the pressure 60 g/cm3 and the addition of conplast 25% as well as the composition of the ash of palm shell oil 40%: limestone 40%: cement 15%: fiber 5% and 300 mL of water. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekanan dan penggunaan conplast terhadap sifat mekanik yaitu kuat lentur dan keteguhan patah eternit berbahan dasar abu cangkang sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena masi rendahnya mutu eternit berbahan campuran abu cangkang sawit dari bolier khususnya sifat mekanik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan variasi tekanan cetak dan penambahan conplast. Hasil uji diperoleh bahwa kuat lentur tertinggi sebesar 90875,94 Kg/cm2 dan keteguhan patah sebesar 61,16 Kg/cm2, yang dicetak pada tekanan 60 g/cm3 dan penambahan conplast 25% dengan komposisi  abu cangkang sawit 40 %: kapur 40 % : semen 15 %: serat 5 % dan air 300 mL.Kata Kunci :  Abu cangkang sawit, conplast, kuat lentur, keteguhan patah.

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