scholarly journals Increased Tea Saponin Content Influences the Diversity and Function of Plantation Soil Microbiomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouke Zhang ◽  
Junqia Kong ◽  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Xudong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
Tea Saponin ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
And Function

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) contained in plant litter will be released into soil with the decomposition process, which will affect the diversity and function of soil microbiomes. The response of soil microbiomes to PSMs in terms of diversity and function can provide an important theoretical basis for plantations to put forward rational soil ecological management measures.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Camellia Weevils Are Influenced by Plant Secondary Metabolites and Contribute to Saponin Degradation

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouke Zhang ◽  
Jinping Shu ◽  
Huaijun Xue ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yabo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tea Saponin

ABSTRACT The camellia weevil (CW [Curculio chinensis]) is a notorious host-specific predator of the seeds of Camellia species in China, causing seed losses of up to 60%. The weevil is capable of overcoming host tree chemical defenses, while the mechanisms of how these beetles contend with the toxic compounds are still unknown. Here, we examined the interaction between the gut microbes of CW and camellia seed chemistry and found that beetle-associated bacterial symbionts mediate tea saponin degradation. We demonstrate that the gut microbial community profile of CW was significantly plant associated, and the gut bacterial community associated with CW feeding on Camellia oleifera seeds is enriched with genes involved in tea saponin degradation compared with those feeding on Camellia sinensis and Camellia reticulata seeds. Twenty-seven bacteria from the genera Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, and Micrococcus subsisted on tea saponin as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and Acinetobacter species are identified as being involved in the degradation of tea saponin. Our results provide the first metagenome of gut bacterial communities associated with a specialist insect pest of Camellia trees, and the results are consistent with a potential microbial contribution to the detoxification of tree-defensive chemicals. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome may play an important role in insect-plant interactions mediated by plant secondary metabolites, but the microbial communities and functions of toxic plant feeders are still poorly characterized. In the present study, we provide the first metagenome of gut bacterial communities associated with a specialist weevil feeding on saponin-rich and saponin-low camellia seeds, and the results reveal the correlation between bacterial diversity and plant allelochemicals. We also used cultured microbes to establish their saponin-degradative capacity outside the insect. Our results provide new experimental context to better understand how gut microbial communities are influenced by plant secondary metabolites and how the resistance mechanisms involving microbes have evolved to deal with the chemical defenses of plants.

scholarly journals Increased Tea Saponin Content Influences The Diversity and Function of Plantation Soil Microbiomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouke Zhang ◽  
Junqia Kong ◽  
Zikun Li ◽  
Feng Song ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Tea Saponin ◽  
Saponin Content

Abstract Background Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) can affect the structures and functions of soil microbiomes. However, the core bacteria associated with PSMs, and their corresponding functions have not been explored extensively. In this study, soil physicochemical properties, tea saponin contents, microbial community compositions, and microbial community functions of different-age Camellia oleifera plantation soils from representative regions were analyzed. We evaluated the effects of plantation age increase on PSM accumulation, and the subsequent consequences on the structures and functions of soil microbiomes. Results Plantation ages increase positively corresponded with accumulated tea saponin contents, with negative effects on soil physicochemical properties, and soil microbiome structures and functions. Older plantation soil microbiomes exhibited simpler structures, lower diversity, and relatively looser putative interactions based on network analysis. Clearly, the core functions of soil microbiomes transitioned to those associated with PSM metabolisms, while microbial pathways involved in cellulose degradation were inhibited. Degradation experiments further confirmed that older plantation soils exhibited the higher capacity on tea saponin degradation but poorer on furfural. Conclusions This study systematically explored the influences of PSMs on soil microbiomes via the investigation of key bacterial populations and their functional pathways. With the increase of planting years, increased tea saponin content simplified the soil microbiomes diversity, inhibited the degradation of organic matter, and enriched the genes related to the degradation of tea saponin. These findings significantly advance our understanding on PSMs-microbiome interactions and could provide fundamental and important data for sustainable management of Camellia plantations.

scholarly journals Microplastics Reduce the Negative Effects of Litter-Derived Plant Secondary Metabolites on Nematodes in Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Woong Kim ◽  
Yun Liang ◽  
Yudi M. Lozano ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Kinetic Experiment ◽  
Different Types

Microplastics and plant litter are ubiquitous in the soil environment, and both materials can influence soil properties and biota. Plant litter releases secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds) during the decomposition process, including chemical compounds active in plant defense. Effects of microplastics and plant litter on soil biota have been studied independently but we have limited information about the combined effects of both sources of chemicals. Here, we specifically focused on the interaction between plant litter and microplastics, as well as their potential effects on soil biota (i.e., nematodes). We used soils from a previous experiment that included three different types of microplastic fibers (MFs) and four different types of plant litter, which were incubated in the soil in all combinations of materials. After soil incubation (42 days) in the previous experiment, we here tested for effects on nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans). Plant litter treatments negatively affected the reproduction of nematodes, but these effects were reduced when the soils were incubated along with MFs. We measured the phenolic concentrations in plant litter extracts in a kinetic experiment and found that phenolic concentrations significantly decreased with some of the MF additions. Our results suggest that microplastics can affect the potential effects of natural chemicals such as plant phenolic compounds. We urge future studies to consider this possibility as a key explanatory process underpinning effects of microplastic in the soil environment.

scholarly journals Role of Saponins in Plant Defense against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubasher Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Bamisope Steve Bamisile ◽  
Liande Wang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Feeding Deterrents ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Saponin Content

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is very destructive crucifers specialized pest that has resulted in significant crop losses worldwide. The pest is well attracted to glucosinolate-containing crucifers such as; Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae), and generally to other plants in the genus Barbarea. B. vulgaris on their part, build up resistance against DBM and other herbivorous insects using glucosinolates; that are plant secondary metabolites used in plant defense–contained only in plants of the order Brassicales. Aside glucosinolates, plants in this genus Barbarea (Brassicaceae) also contain saponins; which is toxic to insects and act as feeding deterrents for plant herbivores, most importantly, DBM, as it was found to prevent the survival of DBM larvae on the plant. Saponins are plant secondary metabolites have been established in higher concentrations in younger in contrast to older leaves within the same plant. Previous studies have found a relationship between ontogenetical changes in the host plant’s saponin content and attraction/resistance to P. xylostella. The younger leaves recorded higher concentrations of glucosinolates and saponins, which naturally attracts the plant herbivores. DBM was reported to have evolved mechanisms to avoid the toxicity of the former. The plant-herbivore had adapted glucosinolates for host plant recognition, feeding and oviposition stimulants. Despite the adaptation for oviposition by P. xylostella adults, larvae of the insect cannot survive on the same plant. An example is in some varieties of B. vulgaris. The triterpenoid saponins which act as feeding deterrents in larvae are responsible for this direct defense mechanism against P. xylostella. In the future, trials by plant breeders could aim at transferring this insect resistance to other crops. The previous trials had limited because of lack of knowledge on the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory networks of saponins. Herein, we discussed exclusively; saponins mediated plant defense mechanisms against the DBM.

scholarly journals Pinpointing secondary metabolites that shape the composition and function of the plant microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Jacoby ◽  
Anna Koprivova ◽  
Stanislav Kopriva
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Root Chemistry ◽  
And Function ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Abstract One of the major questions in contemporary plant science involves determining the functional mechanisms that plants use to shape their microbiome. Plants produce a plethora of chemically diverse secondary metabolites, many of which exert bioactive effects on microorganisms. Several recent publications have unequivocally shown that plant secondary metabolites affect microbiome composition and function. These studies have pinpointed that the microbiome can be influenced by a diverse set of molecules, including: coumarins, glucosinolates, benzoxazinoids, camalexin, and triterpenes. In this review, we summarize the role of secondary metabolites in shaping the plant microbiome, highlighting recent literature. A body of knowledge is now emerging that links specific plant metabolites with distinct microbial responses, mediated via defined biochemical mechanisms. There is significant potential to boost agricultural sustainability via the targeted enhancement of beneficial microbial traits, and here we argue that the newly discovered links between root chemistry and microbiome composition could provide a new set of tools for rationally manipulating the plant microbiome.

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Invertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Dongwu Liu ◽  
Yangyang Shen ◽  
Mujie Huang ◽  
Lili Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
And Function

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of metal-dependent endopeptidases which contain a series of conserved pro-peptide domains and catalytic domains. MMPs have been widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. MMPs are involved in regulating numerous physiological processes, pathological processes, and immune responses. In addition, MMPs play a key role in disease occurrence, including tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. Compared with invertebrate MMPs, vertebrate MMPs have diverse subtypes and complex functions. Therefore, it is difficult to study the function of MMPs in vertebrates. However, it is relatively easy to study invertebrate MMPs because there are fewer subtypes of MMPs in invertebrates. In the present review, the structure and function of MMPs in invertebrates were summarized, which will provide a theoretical basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of MMPs in invertebrates.

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