Modulation of seismic activity in Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone (Hawaiʻi) by summit pressurization

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Wauthier ◽  
Diana C. Roman ◽  
Michael P. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Rift Zone ◽  
Wall Rock ◽  
Eruptive Activity ◽  
Magma Intrusion ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Magma System

Abstract Kīlauea Volcano (Hawaiʻi, USA) is underlain by a complex, laterally extensive magmatic plumbing system. Although in recent decades it has mainly erupted through vents along the middle East Rift Zone and summit caldera, eruptions can occur anywhere along its laterally extensive rift zones, as demonstrated by the dramatic eruptive activity of 2018. Forecasting eruptive activity requires an understanding of whether an episode of volcano-seismic unrest at Kīlauea and similar volcanoes is caused directly at the edges of an active intrusion or reservoir, or in a volume of wall rock at a distance from the intrusion. Seismic unrest in Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone (UERZ) has to date been interpreted as the result either of magma intrusion in this region of the volcano or of stresses due to seaward flank migration. However, recent observations suggest that UERZ seismicity may result from variable pressurization of Kīlauea’s summit magma system. We analyze seismic and deformation (multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar [InSAR] and GPS) data during a period of variable summit deformation and UERZ seismicity in mid- to late 2007 and calculate Coulomb stress changes on UERZ faults due to modeled summit inflation or deflation. UERZ seismicity during our study period can be explained entirely by stresses arising from pressure changes within Kīlauea’s summit reservoirs. Furthermore, a comparison of UERZ fault plane solutions (FPSs) calculated for this study to published UERZ FPSs for previous periods suggests that the UERZ has undergone a transition from a mechanically strong, discontinuous, and immature magma transport system to a mature, mechanically weak, and fully connected transport system over the course of the 1983–2018 eruption.

scholarly journals Buried active faults in the Zafferana Etnea territory (south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna): geometry and kinematics by earthquake relocation and focal mechanisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Alparone ◽  
Salvatore D'Amico ◽  
Salvatore Gambino ◽  
Vincenza Maiolino
Keyword(s):  
Active Faults ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Earthquake Relocation ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
North West ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Magma System ◽  
The Town

<p>We relocated seismicity that occurred from 2000 to 2005 inside a sector of Mt. Etna, comprising the town of Zafferana Etnea, using the double-difference technique. This approach revealed some spatial clusters of events at depths of 3.0 km to 5.5 km b.s.l., which suggested NE-SW-oriented and NNW-SSE-oriented active structures located west and north-west with respect to Zafferana Etnea. We also calculated 64 fault plane solutions, and azimuth and dip distributions of maximum compression P axes. The data include eight events with magnitudes between 3.1 and 3.7 that caused damage to Zafferana Etnea. This approach has allowed the definition of the geometry of structures that show no surface evidence, but are potentially hazardous for this territory. These faults might be linked to the regional tectonics, although they were activated by stress changes related to a general pressurizing of the Mt. Etna magma system between 2000 and 2005.</p>

Seismic doublets and a complex seismic sequence controlled by the rotation of the Juan Fernández microplate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cesca ◽  
Carla Valenzuela Malebrán ◽  
José Ángel López-Comino ◽  
Timothy Davis ◽  
Carlos Tassara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Stress Changes

&lt;p&gt; A complex seismic sequence took place in 2014 at the Juan Fern&amp;#225;ndez microplate, a small microplate located between Pacific, Nazca and Antarctica plates. Despite the remoteness of the study region and the lack of local data, we were able to resolve earthquake source parameters and to reconstruct the complex seismic sequence, by using modern waveform-based seismological techniques. The sequence started with an exceptional Mw 7.1-6.7 thrust &amp;#8211; strike slip earthquake doublet, the first subevent being the largest earthquake ever recorded in the region and one of the few rare thrust earthquakes in a region otherwise characterized by normal faulting and strike slip earthquakes. The joint analysis of seismicity and focal mechanisms suggest the activation of E-W and NE-SW faults or of an internal curved pseudofault, which is formed in response to the microplate rotation, with alternation of thrust and strike-slip earthquakes. Seismicity migrated Northward in its final phase, towards the microplate edge, where a second doublet with uneven focal mechanisms occurred. The sequence rupture kinematics is well explained by Coulomb stress changes imparted by the first subevent. Our analysis show that compressional stresses, which have been mapped at the northern boundary of the microplate, but never accompanied by large thrust earthquakes, can be accommodated by the rare occurrence of large, impulsive, shallow thrust earthquakes, with a considerable tsunamigenic potential.&lt;/p&gt;

Multifault complex rupture and afterslip associated with the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake in northeastern Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-434
Author(s):  
Dezheng Zhao ◽  
Chunyan Qu ◽  
Xinjian Shan ◽  
Roland Bürgmann ◽  
Wenyu Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Fault Model ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Seismic Displacement ◽  
Stress Changes

SUMMARY We investigate the coseismic and post-seismic deformation due to the 6 February 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake to gain improved insights into the fault geometries and complex regional tectonics in this structural transition zone. We generate coseismic deformation fields using ascending and descending Sentinel-1A/B InSAR data and GPS data. Analysis of the aftershocks and InSAR measurements reveal complex multifault rupture during this event. We compare two fault model joint inversions of SAR, GPS and teleseismic body waves data to illuminate the involved seismogenic faults, coseismic slip distributions and rupture processes. Our preferred fault model suggests that both well-known active faults, the dominantly left-lateral Milun and Lingding faults, and previously unrecognized oblique-reverse west-dipping and north-dipping detachment faults, ruptured during this event. The maximum slip of ∼1.6 m occurred on the Milun fault at a depth of ∼2–5 km. We compute post-seismic displacement time series using the persistent scatterer method. The post-seismic range-change fields reveal large surface displacements mainly in the near-field of the Milun fault. Kinematic inversions constrained by cumulative InSAR displacements along two tracks indicate that the afterslip occurred on the Milun and Lingding faults and the west-dipping fault just to the east. The maximum cumulative afterslip of 0.4–0.6 m occurred along the Milun fault within ∼7 months of the main shock. The main shock-induced static Coulomb stress changes may have played an important role in driving the afterslip adjacent to coseismic high-slip zones on the Milun, Lingding and west-dipping faults.

scholarly journals ANALYSING POST-SEISMIC DEFORMATION OF IZMIT EARTHQUAKE WITH INSAR, GNSS AND COULOMB STRESS MODELLING

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alac Barut ◽  
J. Trinder ◽  
C. Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
North West ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Izmit Earthquake ◽  
The North ◽  
Stress Changes

On August 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 1999, a M&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; 7.4 earthquake struck the city of Izmit in the north-west of Turkey. This event was one of the most devastating earthquakes of the twentieth century. The epicentre of the Izmit earthquake was on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) which is one of the most active right-lateral strike-slip faults on earth. However, this earthquake offers an opportunity to study how strain is accommodated in an inter-segment region of a large strike slip fault. In order to determine the Izmit earthquake post-seismic effects, the authors modelled Coulomb stress changes of the aftershocks, as well as using the deformation measurement techniques of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The authors have shown that InSAR and GNSS observations over a time period of three months after the earthquake combined with Coulomb Stress Change Modelling can explain the fault zone expansion, as well as the deformation of the northern region of the NAF. It was also found that there is a strong agreement between the InSAR and GNSS results for the post-seismic phases of investigation, with differences less than 2mm, and the standard deviation of the differences is less than 1mm.

The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 363 (6425) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Neal ◽  
S. R. Brantley ◽  
L. Antolik ◽  
J. L. Babb ◽  
M. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Zone ◽  
Kilauea Volcano ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Kīlauea Volcano ◽  
Historical Observation ◽  
Magma System ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Earthquake Moment ◽  
Eruptive Fissures

In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (Mw) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent toMw4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent—about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.

scholarly journals The Impact of Complex Volcanic Plumbing on the Nature of Seismicity in the Developing Magmatic Natron Rift, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Christina Reiss ◽  
James D. Muirhead ◽  
Amani S. Laizer ◽  
Frederik Link ◽  
Emmanuel O. Kazimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Rift System ◽  
East African Rift System ◽  
Oldoinyo Lengai ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Magma Body ◽  
Volcanic Plumbing System ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
The Impact

Constraining the architecture of complex 3D volcanic plumbing systems within active rifts, and their impact on rift processes, is critical for examining the interplay between faulting, magmatism and magmatic fluids in developing rift segments. The Natron basin of the East African Rift System provides an ideal location to study these processes, owing to its recent magmatic-tectonic activity and ongoing active carbonatite volcanism at Oldoinyo Lengai. Here, we report seismicity and fault plane solutions from a 10 month-long temporary seismic network spanning Oldoinyo Lengai, Naibor Soito volcanic field and Gelai volcano. We locate 6,827 earthquakes with ML −0.85 to 3.6, which are related to previous and ongoing magmatic and volcanic activity in the region, as well as regional tectonic extension. We observe seismicity down to ∼17 km depth north and south of Oldoinyo Lengai and shallow seismicity (3–10 km) beneath Gelai, including two swarms. The deepest seismicity (∼down to 20 km) occurs above a previously imaged magma body below Naibor Soito. These seismicity patterns reveal a detailed image of a complex volcanic plumbing system, supporting potential lateral and vertical connections between shallow- and deep-seated magmas, where fluid and melt transport to the surface is facilitated by intrusion of dikes and sills. Focal mechanisms vary spatially. T-axis trends reveal dominantly WNW-ESE extension near Gelai, while strike-slip mechanisms and a radial trend in P-axes are observed in the vicinity of Oldoinyo Lengai. These data support local variations in the state of stress, resulting from a combination of volcanic edifice loading and magma-driven stress changes imposed on a regional extensional stress field. Our results indicate that the southern Natron basin is a segmented rift system, in which fluids preferentially percolate vertically and laterally in a region where strain transfers from a border fault to a developing magmatic rift segment.

The Stress Triggering of Aftershocks by Badong M5.1 Mainshock from Coulomb Stress Changes

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2172-2175
Author(s):  
Dong Ning Lei ◽  
Jian Chao Wu ◽  
Yong Jian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Stress Change ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
Coulomb Stress Change ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Stress Triggering

TheCoulomb stress changes are usually adopted to make analysis on faultinteractions and stress triggering. This paper mainly deals with Coulomb stresschange of mainshock and affect on aftershocks. We preliminarily conclude thatthe mainshock produce Coulomb stress change on aftershocks most behavingpositive and triggered them. By calculating it is obvious that more aftershocksfell into stress increasing area and triggering percentage is up to ninety ofmaximum and seventy-one of minimum.

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