Phagocytic Activity of Rat Primary Astrocytes Is Regulated by Insulin and Ganglioside GM1

Проведена статистическая обработка сформированной базы данных показателей неспецифической резистентности MS «Excel» с целью изучения динамики иммунитета по параметрам бактерицидной, лизоцимной и фагоцитарной активности у крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы разных возрастов. Было установлено, что средние значения показателей лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности у телят в 6 мес были ниже (47,89% и 49,09%, соответственно), чем у животных в 3—4 года (53,75% и 52,81%). Выведено уравнение регрессии, описывающее взаимосвязь между средними показателями фагоцитарной активности и возрастом при высокой степени достоверности (R2=0,90). Изменения лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности в зависимости от возраста были недостоверными (R2=0,58 и R2=0,49, соответственно). Установлена высокая корреляция между бактерицидной и лизоцимной активностью. Отмечена динамика изменения неспецифического иммунитета у коров различных возрастных групп. Создание баз данных и постоянный мониторинг основных показателей естественной резистентности в зависимости от различных факторов (породы, возраста, стадий лактации, кормления, способов содержания), которые влияют на данные показатели, необходимо для оценки физиологического состояния организма животных и их устойчивости к болезням. Statistical processing of the generated MS "Excel" on indicators of non-specific resistance database was carried out with the aim of studying the dynamics of the development of immunity in terms of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity in black-and-white cattle of different ages. It was found that the average values of indicators of lysozyme and bactericidal activity in calves at 6 months were lower (47.89% and 49.09%, respectively) than in animals at the age of 3—4 years (53.75% and 52.81%). The equation of regression was derived, it describes the relationship between the average indicators of phagocytic activity and the age with a high degree of reliability (R2=0.90). The changes in lysozyme and bactericidal activity depending on age were dubious (R2=0.58 and R2=0.49, respectively). The high correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity was established. It was noticed that the cows of different age groups experienced the dynamics of changes in nonspecific immunity. The creation of databases and constant monitoring of the main indicators of natural resistance, depending on various factors (breed, age, stages of lactation, feeding, methods of keeping) that affect these indicators, is necessary for assessing the physiological state of the animals’ body of and their resistance to diseases.

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The use of β-glucan extracted from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to increase non-specific immune system and resistence of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Aeromonas hydrophila

AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT ◽

10.35800/jasm.0.0.2013.2288 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Ida N Jamal ◽

Reiny A Tumbol ◽

Remy E.P Mangindaan

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Immune System ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Baker’S Yeast ◽

Baker's Yeast ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Difference ◽

Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia

Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia disease (MAS) attacking tilapia has increased in recent years as a consequence of intensive aquaculture activities, which led to losses in aquaculture industry. The agent causing MAS disease is Aeromonas hydrophila. The disease can be controlled with the β-glucan. As immunostimulants, β-glucans can also increase resistance in farmed tilapia. Studies on the use of β-glucan extracted from baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was intended to evaluate the non-specific immune system of tilapia that were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments with three replicats. The dose of β-glucan used as treatments were 0 mg.kg-1 fish (Control), 5 mg.kg-1 fish (B), 10 mg.kg-1 fish (C) and 20 mg.kg-1 fish (D), each treatment as injected three times at intervals of 3 days, the injection volume of 0.5 ml/fish for nine days and resistance surveillance for seven days. The results showed that the difference in the amount of β-glucan and the frequency of the injected real influence on total leukocytes, phagocytic activity and resistance. Total leukocytes, phagocytic activity and resistance to treatment was best achieved by the administration of C a dose of 10 mg.kg-1 of the fish© Penyakit Motil Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) yang menyerang ikan nila mengalami peningkatan selama beberapa tahun terakhir sebagai konsekuensi dari kegiatan akuakultur intensif, yang menyebabkan kerugian dalam industri budidaya. Agen utama penyebab penyakit MAS adalah Aeromonas hydrophila. Untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian β-glukan. Sebagai imunostimulan, β-glukan juga dapat meningkatkan resistensi pada ikan nila yang dibudidayakan. Pengkajian mengenai pemanfaatan β-glukan yang diekstrak dari ragi roti Saccharomyces cerevisiae dimaksudkan untuk menguji sistem imun non spesifik ikan nila yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Dosis β-glukan yang digunakan sebagai perlakuan sebesar 0 mg.kg-1 ikan (Kontrol), 5 mg.kg-1 ikan (B), 10 mg.kg-1 ikan (C) dan 20 mg.kg-1 ikan (D), masing-masing perlakuan diinjeksi sebanyak 3 kali dengan interval waktu 3 hari selama 9 hari, volume injeksi 0,5 mL/ekor ikan dan pengamatan resistensi selama tujuh hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah β-glukan dan frekuensi pemberian yang diinjeksikan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap total leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan resistensi. Total leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan resistensi terbaik dicapai pada perlakuan C dengan dosis 10 mg.kg-1 ikan©

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Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, induces phagocytic activity in Greek COPD patients

International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

10.2147/copd.s83205 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1123

Author(s):

Paul Zarogoulidis ◽

Kelly Domvri ◽

Konstantinos Porpodis ◽

Konstantinos Zarogoulidis ◽

Alexandra Liaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Phosphodiesterase 4 ◽

Copd Patients

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Effect of memantine, an anti-Alzheimer’s drug, on rodent microglial cells in vitro

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85625-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Toru Murakawa-Hirachi ◽

Yoshito Mizoguchi ◽

Masahiro Ohgidani ◽

Yoshinori Haraguchi ◽

Akira Monji

Keyword(s):

Neuronal Death ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Microglial Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Microglial Cells ◽

Phagocytosis Assay ◽

Intracellular Ca ◽

Β Amyloid ◽

The Brain

AbstractThe pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia. Memantine, an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors used as an anti-Alzheimer’s drug, protects from neuronal death accompanied by suppression of proliferation and activation of microglial cells in animal models of AD. However, it remains to be tested whether memantine can directly affect microglial cell function. In this study, we examined whether pretreatment with memantine affects intracellular NO and Ca2+ mobilization using DAF-2 and Fura-2 imaging, respectively, and tested the effects of memantine on phagocytic activity by human β-Amyloid (1–42) phagocytosis assay in rodent microglial cells. Pretreatment with memantine did not affect production of NO or intracellular Ca2+ elevation induced by TNF in rodent microglial cells. Pretreatment with memantine also did not affect the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD45) or anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β and arginase) phenotypes in rodent microglial cells. In addition, pretreatment with memantine did not affect the amount of human β-Amyloid (1–42) phagocytosed by rodent microglial cells. Moreover, we observed that pretreatment with memantine did not affect 11 major proteins, which mainly function in the phagocytosis and degradation of β-Amyloid (1–42), including TREM2, DAP12 and neprilysin in rodent microglial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that memantine does not directly modulate intracellular NO and Ca2+ mobilization or phagocytic activity in rodent microglial cells. Considering the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD, the results might be important to understand the effect of memantine in the brain.

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Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211025513 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110255

Author(s):

Kelly du Preez ◽

Yolandi Rautenbach ◽

Emma H. Hooijberg ◽

Amelia Goddard

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Burst ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Burst Activity ◽

E Coli ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Oxidative Burst Activity ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Complete Blood Counts ◽

Serum Crp

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a severe disease characterized by systemic inflammation and immunosuppression. The function of circulating phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) in affected dogs has not been fully investigated. We characterized the functional capacity of canine phagocytes in CPE by determining their oxidative burst and phagocytic activities using flow cytometry. Blood was collected from 28 dogs with CPE and 11 healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Oxidative burst activity was assessed by stimulating phagocytes with opsonized Escherichia coli or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and measuring the percentage of phagocytes producing reactive oxygen species and the magnitude of this production. Phagocytosis was measured by incubating phagocytes with opsonized E. coli and measuring the percentage of phagocytes containing E. coli and the number of bacteria per cell. Complete blood counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also determined. Serum CRP concentration was negatively and positively correlated with segmented and band neutrophil concentrations, respectively. Overall, no differences in phagocyte function were found between dogs with CPE and healthy control dogs. However, infected dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA-stimulated oxidative burst activity compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CPE dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA- and E. coli–stimulated oxidative burst activity and decreased phagocytosis of E. coli compared to CPE dogs without neutropenia or band neutrophils. We conclude that phagocytes have decreased oxidative burst and phagocytic activity in neutropenic CPE dogs and in CPE dogs with circulating band neutrophils.

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Changes in the Subpopulation Composition and Phagocytic Activity of Monocytes in Patients with Kidney Cancer under the Influence of Metabolites In Vitro

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10517-021-05228-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. A. Savchenko ◽

A. G. Borisov ◽

V. D. Belenyuk ◽

A. V. Moshev

Keyword(s):

Kidney Cancer ◽

Phagocytic Activity

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Evaluation of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes of patients with Jorge Lobo's disease

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822004000200010 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 165-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fátima Regina Vilani-Moreno ◽

Luciana Moreira Silva ◽

Diltor Vladimir Araújo Opromolla

Keyword(s):

Incubation Time ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Host Parasite ◽

And Control

Studies on host-parasite interaction in Jorge Lobo's disease are scarce, with no report in the literature on the phagocytosis of Lacazia loboi by phagocytic mononuclear cells. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes in the presence of L. loboi in patients with the disease and in healthy subjects (controls) over 3 and 24 hours of incubation. Statistical analyses of the results showed no significant difference in percent phagocytosis of the fungus between patient and control monocytes. With respect to incubation time, however, there was a significant difference, in that percent phagocytosis was higher at 3 hours than at 24 hours (p <0.01). These results suggest that monocytes from patients with the mycosis are able to phagocyte the fungus, as also observed in control individuals.

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Prenatal alcohol exposure increases TNFα-induced cytotoxicity in primary astrocytes

Alcohol ◽

10.1016/s0741-8329(00)00078-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

William J De Vito ◽

Krisanthi Xhaja ◽

Scott Stone

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽

Alcohol Exposure ◽

Prenatal Alcohol ◽

Primary Astrocytes

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