The role of infant appetite in extended formula feeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Syrad ◽  
Cornelia H M van Jaarsveld ◽  
Jane Wardle ◽  
Clare H Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Picky Eating ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Daily Energy

ObjectiveParental decision-making around extended formula feeding (12 months+) has not been explored previously. This study tested the hypotheses that extended formula milk use (i) is associated with poorer appetite and (ii) supplements lower food intake.MethodsAppetite was assessed with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) in 3854 twin children aged 16 months. Diet was assessed from 3-day diaries in 2714 children at 21 months. Parents reported their children's weight at 24 months. Associations between formula feeding and (1) appetite, (2) energy intake and (3) weight were examined. 35 mothers were interviewed when the children were 7 years old to explore retrospectively their reasons for extended formula feeding.ResultsFormula consumers (13% of the sample) scored significantly differently than non-formula consumers on five of the six CEBQ subscales, indicating lower appetite avidity: ‘food responsiveness’ (2.02 vs 2.22, respectively),‘enjoyment of food’ (3.99 vs 4.20), ‘satiety responsiveness’ (2.89 vs 2.65), ‘slowness in eating’ (2.63 vs 2.46) and ‘food fussiness’ (2.34 vs 2.14). Formula consumers had a significantly lower percentage of daily energy intake from food (70% vs 74%); however, total daily energy intake did not differ significantly from non-consumers (4315 vs 4373 kJ). At interview, mothers reported supplementing their child's diet with formula because of ‘picky eating’ and concerns about inadequate food intake.ConclusionsHigh formula milk intake is associated with picky-eating behaviours, but seems to act as a substitute for rather than a supplement to solid food. Prospective and intervention studies are needed to determine whether extended formula feeding has an enduring impact on weight trajectories, eating behaviours or health.

scholarly journals Body composition and appetite: fat-free mass (but not fat mass or BMI) is positively associated with self-determined meal size and daily energy intake in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Blundell ◽  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Erik Näslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Daily Energy

The idea of body weight regulation implies that a biological mechanism exerts control over energy expenditure and food intake. This is a central tenet of energy homeostasis. However, the source and identity of the controlling mechanism have not been identified, although it is often presumed to be some long-acting signal related to body fat, such as leptin. Using a comprehensive experimental platform, we have investigated the relationship between biological and behavioural variables in two separate studies over a 12-week intervention period in obese adults (totaln92). All variables have been measured objectively and with a similar degree of scientific control and precision, including anthropometric factors, body composition, RMR and accumulative energy consumed at individual meals across the whole day. Results showed that meal size and daily energy intake (EI) were significantly correlated with fat-free mass (FFM,Pvalues < 0·02–0·05) but not with fat mass (FM) or BMI (Pvalues 0·11–0·45) (study 1,n58). In study 2 (n34), FFM (but not FM or BMI) predicted meal size and daily EI under two distinct dietary conditions (high-fat and low-fat). These data appear to indicate that, under these circumstances, some signal associated with lean mass (but not FM) exerts a determining effect over self-selected food consumption. This signal may be postulated to interact with a separate class of signals generated by FM. This finding may have implications for investigations of the molecular control of food intake and body weight and for the management of obesity.

Eating traits in relation to performance and carcass traits of restrictedly fed group-housed finishing pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. L. Ramaekers ◽  
J. W. G. M. Swinkels ◽  
J. H. Huiskes ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractSeventy-two crossbred barrows (28.7 ± 0.3 kg live weight (LW)) were used to examine whether there is a relation between eating traits, and performance and carcass traits in ad libitum and restrictedly fed group-housed pigs. The experiment included two replicates, each consisting of 36 pigs. From day 1 to 42, all pigs were maintained with free access to a starter diet containing 12.7 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) and 8.2 g ileal apparent digestible lysine per kg. The experimental period was from day 42 (55.9 kg LW) to the end of the experiment (110.2 kg LW). The pigs in treatment 1 were maintained with free access to a high (H) energy diet (13.1 MJ ME and 7.1 g ileal apparent digestible lysine per kg). For pigs in treatments 2 and 3 the daily energy allowance per pig was restricted to 18 MJ ME above the daily energy requirement for maintenance using diet H, and a low (L) energy diet (12.5 MJ ME and 6.7 g ileal apparent digestible lysine per kg), respectively. The weekly measured LW was used to compute the energy requirements for maintenance (M = 0·719 MJ ME × LW (kg)0.63). Daily food intake and eating traits per pig were determined using transponders and an electronic feeding station equipped with an antenna.Daily energy intake of the ad libitum and restrictedly fed pigs was correlated with growth and lean meat tissue content of the carcass. In the pigs given food ad libitum, daily energy intake was correlated with daily feeder visiting time, time per meal and food intake per meal, but not with number of meals per day and rate of food intake. In the restricted treatments, number of meals per day was correlated with energy intake, but not with lean tissue content of the carcass. In conclusion, number of meals per day explained part of the variation of lean tissue content of the carcass in ad libitum, but not in restrictedly fed group-housed pigs.

The effects of skipping a meal on daily energy intake and diet quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 3346-3355
Author(s):  
Eliana Zeballos ◽  
Jessica E Todd
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Skipping Breakfast ◽  
Component Scores

AbstractObjective:To examine whether skipping breakfast or lunch increased the next meal’s energy content and changed total daily energy content and the quality of food intake measured by the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010).Design:Means were compared across intake days and meal patterns. Multivariate individual fixed-effects model was used to account for individual food intake and diet quality preferences.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2016.Participants:Adults aged 18 years or older who reported 2 d (24-h periods) of dietary intake and were not pregnant or lactating (n 23 488).Results:Adults consumed 193 more kJ at lunch after skipping breakfast and 783 more kJ at dinner after skipping breakfast and lunch. Skipping at least one meal reduced total daily intake between 1053 (breakfast) and 1464 (dinner) kJ and reduced the daily HEI score. Skipping breakfast or skipping lunch reduced the HEI component scores for fruit, whole grains, dairy and empty energy; skipping lunch reduced the component scores for fruit, vegetables, whole grain, dairy, seafood and plant protein, and empty energy. Skipping dinner reduced component scores for vegetables, greens and beans, dairy, protein food, seafood and plant proteins, and empty energy. Skipping one or more meals increased component scores for total vegetables (breakfast), whole grains (dinner), Na (lunch or dinner) and refined grains (breakfast, lunch or dinner).Conclusions:Skipping meals (particularly dinner) reduces daily energy intake, but the reduction in daily diet quality (particularly when skipping breakfast) may impact health negatively over time.

scholarly journals The satiety effect of disguised liquid preloads administered acutely and differing only in their nutrient content tended to be weaker for lipids but did not differ between proteins and carbohydrates in human subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1406-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylène Potier ◽  
Gilles Fromentin ◽  
Aurélie Lesdema ◽  
Robert Benamouzig ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Meal Ingestion ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Partial Compensation

Whether protein is the macronutrient with the strongest satiety effect remains a matter of debate because of the diversity of study designs employed. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of different liquid preloads made up of proteins, fats or carbohydrates only, under stringently controlled conditions, on satiety. Fifty-six subjects participated in the present study which consisted of four randomised test days, i.e. 1 d per macronutrient and one control day. During each test day, the subjects were required to consume the preload in full, and then their subsequent food intake was measured. The volunteers were divided into two groups: the first (T0) group, which consumed the preload immediately before lunch, and the second (T1) group, which consumed it 1 h beforehand. The main results showed that the participants consumed significantly less at lunch following the consumption of all three preloads than on the no-preload day, and consumed less after the consumption of the carbohydrate preload than after the consumption of the lipid preload. When energy from the preload was included, overall energy intake was significantly greater in all the three preload conditions than in the situation involving no preload, with only partial compensation for preload energy in all conditions. Total daily energy intake was highest after the lipid preload ingestion, but this could be a chance finding since it was not significantly higher than that observed after protein or carbohydrate preload ingestion. No significant effects of the interval between the preload and test meal ingestion were found. These results do not confirm the greater satiety effect of proteins than of carbohydrates, but partially confirm the weaker effect of fats.

scholarly journals Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Andrea Stensitzky ◽  
Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Beck ◽  
Klaus Michael Braumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

scholarly journals Does Increased Exercise or Physical Activity Alter Ad-Libitum Daily Energy Intake or Macronutrient Composition in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e83498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Donnelly ◽  
Stephen D. Herrmann ◽  
Kate Lambourne ◽  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Jeffery J. Honas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Protein content of diets dictates the daily energy intake of a free-ranging primate

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika M. Felton ◽  
Adam Felton ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
William J. Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Breakfast eating among Brazilian adolescents: Analysis of the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Silva MONTEIRO ◽  
Amanda de Moura SOUZA ◽  
Bruna Kulik HASSAN ◽  
Camilla Chermont Prochnik ESTIMA ◽  
Rosely SICHIERI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Breakfast Eating ◽  
Income Quartile

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize breakfast eating among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Food intake was estimated based on a 1-day food record of adolescents aged 10-19 years, according to the first National Diet Survey (2008-2009). Breakfast was considered as the first meal of the day eaten between 4 and 11 am. Results: Ninety-three percent of adolescents reported eating breakfast. This meal contributed to 17.7% of the daily energy intake. The most commonly consumed food groups were: coffee and tea, breads, butter/margarine, milk, cakes and cookies, packaged snacks, corn-based dishes, cheese, processed meats, and fruit juice. In the Northern region there was a higher frequency of coffee and tea and roots and tubers intake and lower frequency of milk intake than that in the other regions in the country. In the Northeastern region, the intake of corn and eggs was high; in the Southern region, there was high intake of processed meats and fruits. Adolescents from families in the first income quartile reported higher intake of coffee and tea, packaged snacks, corn, and roots and tubers intake, and lower intake of milk and dairy products. Adolescents from families in the highest income quartile reported higher intake of milk, fruit juice, cheese, and sugar-added beverages. Conclusion: In Brazil, the contribution of breakfast to daily energy intake among adolescents is low. The nutritional quality of breakfast improved with increased income. The three most frequently consumed items were coffee and tea, breads, and butter/margarine.

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