scholarly journals P41 Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and development of epilepsy in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. e34.1-e34
Author(s):  
R Gorodischer ◽  
N Sassonker- Joseph ◽  
M Atar-Vardi ◽  
I Noyman ◽  
L Novak
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Confounding By Indication ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Unexposed Group ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis ◽  
Health Service Organization ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Number Needed To Harm

BackgroundStudies reported that prenatal exposure to antibiotics in general represents a risk factor for development of epilepsy and/or cerebral palsy in children. A pathophysiological relationship seemed improbable and required adjustment to possible confounders.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort investigation, we enrolled children aged 3 to 18 years born between 1998 and 2012 at the single regional hospital, and their mothers, members of ‘Clalit’ (the largest Health Service Organization in the region). Computerized medications database was linked with hospital records of mothers and their children. The exposed group included all children whose mothers purchased one or more antibiotic medications during their pregnancy. Epilepsy was defined by Epilepsy diagnosis and/or by chronic dispensing of antiepileptic drugs. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria for mothers and children, 88,899 children and their 74,416 mothers were selected for the study.ResultsThe group exposed prenatally to antibiotics comprised 36,622 (or 41.2%) children. Of them, 326 (0.9%) developed epilepsy compared to 370 (0.7%) in the unexposed group (p=0.002); Number Needed to Harm 500. Exposure during the first, second and third trimester was characterized by incidence of epilepsy in 0.8% (p= 0.928), 0.9% (p= 0.270) and 0.9% (p=0.094) of exposed children, respectively, compared to unexposed group Based on Poisson regression analysis, epilepsy was associated with male sex, maternal smoking and delivery by cesarean section. The possibility of confounding by indication was refuted by sensitivity analysis.ConclusionWe found an association of intrauterine exposure to antibiotics (particularly in late pregnancy) and development of epilepsy in children. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. The effect of some undetermined confounder(s) cannot be ruled out.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose

scholarly journals Determinants and Measurement of Neonatal Vitamin D: Overestimation of 25(OH)D in Cord Blood Using CLIA Assay Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1085-e1092
Author(s):  
Mengdi Lu ◽  
Bruce W Hollis ◽  
Vincent J Carey ◽  
Nancy Laranjo ◽  
Ravinder J Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Context Vitamin D (VD) deficiency in pregnancy and the neonatal period has impacts on childhood outcomes. Maternal VD sufficiency is crucial for sufficiency in the neonate, though the effect of early versus late pregnancy 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on neonatal levels is unknown. Furthermore, chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) are widely used, though their validity in measuring 25(OH)D specifically in cord blood specimens has not been established. Objective To assess the validity of a CLIA in the measurement of cord blood 25(OH)D and to evaluate maternal determinants of neonatal 25(OH)D, including early versus late pregnancy 25(OH)D levels. Design This is an ancillary analysis from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Participants and Intervention A total of 881 pregnant women at high risk of having offspring asthma were randomized to receive VD supplementation or placebo. Serum samples were collected from mothers in early and late pregnancy and from offspring cord blood at birth. 25(OH)D levels were assayed by CLIA in all maternal and offspring samples and by LC-MS/MS in all offspring samples and a subset of 200 maternal third trimester samples. Results Cord blood 25(OH)D levels were higher as measured by CLIA (mean 37.13 ng/mL [SD 18.30]) than by LC-MS/MS (mean 23.54 ng/mL [SD 11.99]), with a mean positive bias of 13.54 ng/mL (SD 12.92) by Bland-Altman analysis. This positive bias in measurement by CLIA was not observed in maternal samples. Third trimester 25(OH)D was a positive determinant of neonatal 25(OH)D levels. Conclusion Chemiluminescence immunoassays overestimate 25(OH)D levels in human cord blood samples, an effect not observed in maternal blood samples. The quantification of 25(OH)D by CLIA should therefore not be considered valid when assayed in cord blood samples. Third trimester, but not first trimester, maternal 25(OH)D is one of several determinants of neonatal 25(OH)D status.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Offspring Size at 18 to 24 Months

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mattran ◽  
Lanay M. Mudd ◽  
Rebecca A. Rudey ◽  
Jeannette S.C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Z Scores

Background:Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy has maternal benefits, but effects on offspring have not often been considered. This study aimed to determine associations among trimester-specific LTPA during pregnancy and toddler size.Methods:Women (n = 300) were recruited while pregnant in 2006. At follow-up (2008), women reported demographics; recalled type, duration, and frequency of trimester-specific LTPA (MET·min/wk); and rated their toddler’s current LTPA level (more, same, or less than others their age). A subset (n = 23) volunteered to have maternal and toddler height, weight, and body fat measured. Maternal body mass index (BMI) and toddler weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were calculated.Results:Median toddler WHZ was 0.6 (range −0.5 to 2.9). In Spearman correlations, third trimester LTPA was marginally associated with lower toddler weight (rs = −0.39, P = .06) and WHZ (rs = −0.40, P = .06), but no other measures of maternal LTPA and toddler body size were related. Birth weight z-score was positively associated with toddler weight (rs = 0.51, P = .01) but negatively associated with percent body fat (rs= −0.46, P = .03). Measures of maternal size were unassociated with toddler size.Conclusions:These results provide preliminary support for LTPA during late pregnancy to have a lasting effect on offspring size.

Iron in pregnancy and breastfeeding

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Iron Requirement ◽  
Very High ◽  
Additional Iron

Iron requirements increase approximately 2.5-fold by the end of pregnancy, representing the largest relative increase in nutrient requirements for pregnant women. The total additional iron requirement in the third trimester is 9#amp;#x2013;12 mg/day above pre-pregnancy needs, and even with this additional intake, women need to enter pregnancy with iron stores of approximately 500 mg to be able to fully meet the demands of pregnancy. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia is therefore very high among pregnant women and can result in cognitive and motor deficits in the infant that may be irreversible. Prevention of deficiency is therefore critical. Building sufficient iron stores prior to conception is preferable, as it is difficult to obtain adequate iron from diet alone to meet late pregnancy requirements. Iron supplementation of 30 mg/day should be considered, particularly if dietary intake of meat is low.

scholarly journals Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis in Late Pregnancy and the Puerperium

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 492-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Anderson ◽  
G M Turner ◽  
R C N Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Subtotal Colectomy ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
The Third ◽  
Toxic Dilatation ◽  
Emergency Colectomy ◽  
Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis

Four patients underwent emergency colectomy during pregnancy or the puerperium for complications of ulcerative proctocolitis. Three had inactive colitis at conception, while in the fourth the disease started during pregnancy. Three patients required subtotal colectomy and ileostomy for toxic dilatation during the third trimester or within 5 days of delivery, and the fourth underwent proctocolectomy postpartum for intractable colitis. There were no maternal deaths but 2 of 4 infants died. One child weighing 1.4 kg survived vaginal delivery during the 33rd week of pregnancy, 2 weeks after his mother had undergone emergency colectomy.

Favorable pregnancy outcomes following continual intramuscular lorazepam use in late pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
Karen E. Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

Use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy is controversial due to conflicting studies in the literature. Furthermore, few published reports on continual use of parenteral benzodiazepines during the third trimester of pregnancy have been published. This case report evaluates the use of high-dose intramuscular lorazepam in a pregnant patient during her last three weeks of gestation.

Saliva progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle and late pregnancy

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Connor ◽  
L. M. Sanford ◽  
B. E. Howland
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Saliva

Whole saliva was collected daily by four women during one menstrual cycle and twice weekly by three women during their third trimester of pregnancy. Follicular-phase saliva progesterone concentrations, as measured by radioimmunoassay, generally remained below 50 pg/mL. However, progesterone rose to a peak of 400 ± 107 pg/mL (mean ± SE) between days 17 and 25, after which it declined to 143 ± 67 pg/mL by one day prior to menses. The third trimester of pregnancy was characterized by steadily increasing concentrations of saliva progesterone until 1–3 weeks prior to parturition; concentrations following parturition were similar to those of the follicular phase.

Nuclear thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors in human mononuclear blood cells during pregnancy

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kvetny ◽  
Henning Kvist Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Mononuclear Blood Cells ◽  
Tsh Levels

Abstract. Serum free T4, free T3, TSH and maximal nuclear binding capacity for T4 and T3 in mononuclear blood cells were measured in 12 control women, in 12 normal pregnant women in the first and in 12 women in the third trimester. Serum free T4 and T3 were decreased in late pregnancy compared to control women, serum free T4: 9.1 pmol/l (mean) vs 12.9 pmol/l (mean); serum free T3: 4.0 pmol/l (mean) vs 6.2 pmol/l (mean), without any change in TSH levels: 2.2 mU/l (mean) vs 1.8 mU/l (mean). Concomitantly, the maximal nuclear binding capacity for both T4 and T3 increased, T4: 2.7 fmol T4/100 μg DNA vs 1.8 fmol T4/100 μg DNA; T3: 2.8 fmol T3/100 μg DNA vs 2.0 fmol T3/100 μg DNA. These data, obtained from healthy women during a normal pregnancy are compatible with mild compensated hypothyroidism. We suggest that euthyroidism are maintained by the increased maximal nuclear binding capacity for these hormones.

scholarly journals Do Maternal Quality of Life and Breastfeeding Difficulties Influence the Continuation of Exclusive Breastfeeding?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Mortazavi ◽  
Seyed Abbas Mousavi ◽  
Reza Chaman ◽  
Ahmad Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Maternal Quality Of Life ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
Maternal Quality

Objectives.This study was conducted to determine whether maternal quality of life (QOL) and breastfeeding difficulties influence the continuation of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).Methods.In a survey, 358 consecutive pregnant women filled out a quality of life questionnaire in the third trimester of pregnancy and the breastfeeding experience scale at 4 weeks postpartum. We assessed breastfeeding practices every month up to 6 months postpartum.Results.Only 11.8% of women continued EBF at six months. Mothers who continued EBF at 2 and 4 months postpartum had better QOL in late pregnancy than mothers who discontinued it (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in QOL scores at 6 months postpartum. Mothers who continued EBF at 2 months postpartum experienced less breastfeeding difficultties during one month postpartum than mothers who discontinued it (P<0.05).Conclusion.In attempts to promote EBF, mothers with poor QOL or breastfeeding difficulties in early postpartum should be identified and helped.

scholarly journals Alcohol and tobacco consumption associated factors among college students: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Ramalho Mostardinha ◽  
Anabela Pereira
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Male Sex

Aim Alcohol and tobacco consumption, common among college students, may lead to future health and social problems. We aim to identify the factors associated with those consumptions among college students. Method A literature review was performed using PRISMA recommendations. Records were selected through PubMed and Scopus. Through inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from the selected studies were analysed through meta-syntheses. Results Twenty studies were included in the analysis. Tobacco consumption was associated with having smoker friends, sedentary behaviours and male sex. Drinking was associated with having parents/friends who drink, having smoker friends and male sex. Conclusion This review contributes to identify the consumption factors, allowing health care workers to develop and improve the effectiveness of possible interventions for this population, such as health education programs or psycho-educational interventions, aiming to decrease consumptions behaviours, by targeting the students who are at risk.

scholarly journals Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection mother to the newborn

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Bonifacio Caballero ◽  
Daniel Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The emergence of the new corona virus infection that occurred in Wuhan, the capital city of China's Hubei province in December 2019 initially labeled 2019-nCoV and later named SARS-CoV-2, has spread in several countries around the world and subsequently raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus, producing its disease named COVID-19. Around 12 articles about pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and their newborns have been published between February 10 and April 4, 2020. So far, there are few reports on newborns. There is currently evidence of vertical transmission from pregnant women with COVID-19 infection during the third trimester. The results of this report suggest that currently there is evidence of intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia and die in late pregnancy. However, most of these newborns have been asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, but as the outbreak and information are changing rapidly, it is recommended to continue to check for updates.

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