scholarly journals EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group statement and recommendations on endothelial precursor cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H W Distler ◽  
Y Allanore ◽  
J Avouac ◽  
R Giacomelli ◽  
S Guiducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Panel ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Consensus Statements ◽  
Factor Type

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by a progressive microangiopathy that contributes significantly to the morbidity of patients with SSc. Besides insufficient angiogenesis, defective vasculogenesis with altered numbers of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) might also contribute to the vascular pathogenesis of SSc. However, different protocols for isolation, enrichment, culture and quantification of EPCs are currently used, which complicate comparison and interpretation of the results from different studies.The aim of the European League Against Rheumatism Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) group expert panel was to provide recommendations for standardisation of future research on EPCs. Consensus statements and recommendations were developed in a face to face meeting by an expert panel of the basic science working group of EUSTAR.The findings were: cardiovascular risk factors and medications such as statins should be described in detail. A detailed description of methods considering isolation, culture, enrichment and detection of EPCs should be given. For in vitro culture of EPCs, no protocol has been shown to be superior to another, but coating with laminin and type IV collagen would resemble most closely the situation in vivo. The endothelial phenotype should be confirmed in all in vitro cultures at the end of the culture period. We recommend using CD133, vascular endothelial growth factor type 2 receptor (VEGFR2) and CD34 in combination with a viability marker for quantification of EPCs in the blood. Finally, exact standard operating procedures for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis are given that should be strictly followed.In summary, the EUSTAR recommendations will help to unify EPC research and allow better comparison between the results of different studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing on Fish Protein Antigenicity and Allergenicity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Xingyi Jiang ◽  
Qinchun Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Fish Allergy

Fish allergy is a life-long food allergy whose prevalence is affected by many demographic factors. Currently, there is no cure for fish allergy, which can only be managed by strict avoidance of fish in the diet. According to the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee, 12 fish proteins are recognized as allergens. Different processing (thermal and non-thermal) techniques are applied to fish and fishery products to reduce microorganisms, extend shelf life, and alter organoleptic/nutritional properties. In this concise review, the development of a consistent terminology for studying food protein immunogenicity, antigenicity, and allergenicity is proposed. It also summarizes that food processing may lead to a decrease, no change, or even increase in fish antigenicity and allergenicity due to the change of protein solubility, protein denaturation, and the modification of linear or conformational epitopes. Recent studies investigated the effect of processing on fish antigenicity/allergenicity and were mainly conducted on commonly consumed fish species and major fish allergens using in vitro methods. Future research areas such as novel fish species/allergens and ex vivo/in vivo evaluation methods would convey a comprehensive view of the relationship between processing and fish allergy.

scholarly journals BIOM-55. DGKζ-TARGETED REGULATION OF MIR-34A IN THE PROLIFERATION AND TUMORIGENICITY OF HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii13-ii13
Author(s):  
Wangxian Gu ◽  
Guoqing Wan ◽  
Yanjun Zheng ◽  
Xintong Yang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Lipid Kinase ◽  
Human Glioblastoma ◽  
Kinase Substrate ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Type Iv

Abstract Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a lipid kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), which uses ATP as a phosphate donor. Diacylglycerol kinases ζ(DGKζ) is characterized as specific type IV due to its myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), ankyrin, and PDZ binding domain. Similar to other DGKs, DGKζ is also reported to be abnormally expressed in human colorectal cancer cells, and it is indispensable for the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its implications in human glioblastoma (GBM) is largely unknown. Both the mRNA and protein levels of DGKζ were significantly higher in GBM tissues than in precancerous lesions. Knockdown of DGKζ inhibited GBM cell proliferation, cell cycle and promoted apoptosis of GBM cells. Moreover, down-regulation of DGKζ markedly reduced in vitro colony formation and in vivo tumorigenic capability. Furthermore, we confirmed that DGKζ was the downstream target of miR-34a. The expression level of DGKζ was negatively correlated with miR-34a in GBM tissues. Overexpression of DGKζ reversed the tumor suppressive roles of miR-34a in GBM cells. Taken together, DGKζ can act as a potential prognostic biomarker for GBM patients and promote the growth of GBM cells was regulated by miR-34a, and it may represent a promising therapeutic target for patients with GBM.

scholarly journals The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Davlat Kh. Akramov ◽  
Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Chunlin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Central South

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

Infection of stromal and hemopoietic precursor cells with lentivirus vector in vivo and in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Nifontova ◽  
N. V. Sats ◽  
V. L. Surin ◽  
D. A. Svinareva ◽  
M. E. Gasparian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Lentivirus Vector ◽  
Hemopoietic Precursor Cells

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgareMill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamkant B. Badgujar ◽  
Vainav V. Patel ◽  
Atmaram H. Bandivdekar
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Foeniculum vulgareMill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. The review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology ofFoeniculum vulgare. It also compiles available scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be filled by future research. Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates thatFoeniculum vulgareremains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in severalin vitroandin vivopharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property.Foeniculum vulgarehas emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.

scholarly journals Shift in collagen type as an early response to induction of the metanephric mesenchyme.

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ekblom ◽  
E Lehtonen ◽  
L Saxén ◽  
R Timpl
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Metanephric Mesenchyme ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Interstitial Collagens ◽  
Membrane Components

Conversion of the nephrogenic mesenchyme into epithelial tubules requires an inductive stimulus from the ureter bud. Here we show with immunofluorescence techniques that the undifferentiated mesenchyme before induction expresses uniformly type I and type III collagens. Induction both in vivo and in vitro leads to a loss of these proteins and to the appearance of basement membrane components including type IV collagen. This change correlates both spatially and temporally with the determination of the mesenchyme and precedes and morphological events. During morphogenesis, type IV collagen concentrates at the borders of the developing tubular structures where, by electron microscopy, a thin, often discontinuous basal lamina was seen to cover the first pretubular cell aggregates. Subsequently, the differentiating tubules were surrounded by a well-developed basal lamina. No loss of the interstitial collagens was seen in the metanephric mesenchyme when brought into contact with noninducing tissues or when cultured alone. Similar observations were made with nonnephrogenic mesenchyme (salivary, lung) when exposed to various heterotypic tissues known to induce tubules in the nephrogenic mesenchyme. The sequential shift in the composition of the extracellular matrix from an interstitial, mesenchymal type to a differentiated, epithelial type is so far the first detectable response of the nephrogenic mesenchyme to the tubule-inducing signal.

scholarly journals Exploitation of conserved eukaryotic host cell farnesylation machinery by an F-box effector of Legionella pneumophila

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T.D. Price ◽  
Tasneem Al-Quadan ◽  
Marina Santic ◽  
Snake C. Jones ◽  
Yousef Abu Kwaik
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Farnesyltransferase ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Eukaryotic Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Effectors

Farnesylation involves covalent linkage of eukaryotic proteins to a lipid moiety to anchor them into membranes, which is essential for the biological function of Ras and other proteins. A large cadre of bacterial effectors is injected into host cells by intravacuolar pathogens through elaborate type III–VII translocation machineries, and many of these effectors are incorporated into the pathogen-containing vacuolar membrane by unknown mechanisms. The Dot/Icm type IV secretion system of Legionella pneumophila injects into host cells the F-box effector Ankyrin B (AnkB), which functions as platforms for the docking of polyubiquitinated proteins to the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) to enable intravacuolar proliferation in macrophages and amoeba. We show that farnesylation of AnkB is indispensable for its anchoring to the cytosolic face of the LCV membrane, for its biological function within macrophages and Dictyostelium discoideum, and for intrapulmonary proliferation in mice. Remarkably, the protein farnesyltransferase, RCE-1 (Ras-converting enzyme-1), and isoprenyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase host farnesylation enzymes are recruited to the LCV in a Dot/Icm-dependent manner and are essential for the biological function of AnkB. In conclusion, this study shows novel localized recruitment of the host farnesylation machinery and its anchoring of an F-box effector to the LCV membrane, and this is essential for biological function in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract 5402: Two Photon Microscopy Measurements Of Sub-epicardial Sarcomere Length In Perfused Rat Hearts

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Camelliti ◽  
Gil Bub ◽  
Daniel J Stuckey ◽  
Christian Bollensdorff ◽  
Damian J Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Over Time

Sarcomere length (SL) is a fundamental parameter underlying the Frank Starling relation in the heart, as it offers an absolute representation of myocardial stretch. Previous studies addressed the Frank Starling relation by measuring SL in isolated myocytes or muscle strips. Here, we report first data obtained using a novel technique to measure sub-epicardial SL in perfused hearts. Rat hearts were Langendorff perfused (normal Tyrode solution) at a constant pressure of 90mmHg, labeled with the fluorescent membrane marker di-4-ANEPPS, and then arrested with high-K + Tyrode for either 2-photon microscopy (n=4) or MRI (n=4). Image analysis software was developed to extract SL at the cell level from >1,400 2-photon images (Fig 1 ) and correct for cell angle. SL increased by 10±2 % between 30 and 80 min of perfusion (1.98±0.04 to 2.17±0.03 μm; p<0.05; Fig 1 ). Measurements of left ventricular myocardial volume (LVMV) were made in vivo and in perfused hearts using 3D MRI. LVMV increased by 24±7% from in vivo to 30 min of perfusion, and by 11±3 % between 30 and 90 min (539±35; 664±44; 737±49 mm 3 , respectively; p<0.05; Fig 1 ). We show that SL can be measured in isolated perfused hearts. The method allowed monitoring of changes in SL over time, and showed that SL and LVMV increase to a similar extent during 30–80 min perfusion with crystalloid solution, probably due to tissue oedema. This result, together with the increase in LVMV during the first 30 min, highlights the pronounced differences between in vivo , in situ , and in vitro model systems for studies of cardiac physiology and mechanics. Future research will compare changes in SL in healthy hearts and disease models involving contractile dysfunction. Figure 1: Left: 2-photon microscopy image of di-4-ANEPPS labeled myocardium. Right: SL and LVMV changes over time.

scholarly journals A Novel Kartogenin-Releasing Polymer Scaffold Promotes Wounded Rat Achilles Tendon Enthesis Healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0053
Author(s):  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Daibang Nie ◽  
Guangyi Zhao ◽  
Susheng Tan ◽  
MaCalus Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Polymer Scaffold ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Tendon Stem Cells

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Entheses have a special fibrocartilage transition zone where tendons and ligaments attach to bone. Enthesis injury is very common, and the reattachment of tendon to bone is a great challenge because healing takes place between a soft tissue (tendon) and a hard tissue (bone). We have now developed a kartogene (KGN)-containing polymer scaffold (KGN-P) that can precisely deliver KGN to damaged enthesis area. The effects of the KGN-containing polymer on the healing of wounded TBJ were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The proliferation and chondrogenesis of rat Achilles tendon stem cells (TSCs) grown in four conditions were measured: normal medium (Control); normal medium with 100 nM KGN (KGN); lysine diisocyanate (LDI)-glycerol scaffold with normal medium (LDI-P); LDI-glycerol-KGN scaffold with normal medium (KGN-P).A wound (1 mm) was created on each hind leg Achilles enthesis of all 8 rats (3 months old). The wounds were then treated either with 10 ul saline (Wound); or 10 ul of 10 uM KGN (KGN); or LDI polymer scaffold (LDI-P); or KGN-containing polymer scaffold (KGN-P). The rats were sacrificed on day 15 and 30 post-surgery, and their Achilles entheses were collected for gross inspection and histochemical analysis. Results: KGN-containing polymers have sponge-like structures (Fig. 1A-D), and release KGN in a time- and temperature-dependent manner (Fig. 1E). KGN-P scaffold induced chondrogenesis of TSCs (Fig. 2D, 2H) without changing cell proliferation (Fig. 2I), and enhanced fibrocartilage-like tissue formation (Fig. 3E). KGN (Fig. 3C) and LDI-P (Fig. 3D) treated groups exhibited unhealed wound areas as in saline group (Fig. 3B). Finally, KGN-P and KGN treated rat TSCs underwent chondrogenesis by upregulating collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX-9 expression (Fig. 3F). Conclusion: Our results showed that KGN-containing polymer scaffold enhanced wounded enthesis healing by inducing TSC chondrogenesis and promoting the formation of the fibrocartilage in the wound site. The KGN-P may be used for regeneration of wounded entheses in clinical settings. Future research will focus on optimizing KGN concentration and releasing rate in the polymer scaffold during enthesis healing.

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