Effect of Hypochromasia on Specific Gravity and Sedimentation of Red Cells

An accurate history and careful examination will determine the sequence and spectrum of clinical investigations required to make a diagnosis or decide on prognosis or treatment. Midstream urine (MSU) sample—this standard investigation requires consideration of: (1) macroscopic appearance—this may be suggestive of a diagnosis, e.g. frothy urine suggests heavy proteinuria; (2) stick testing—including for pH (<5.3 in an early-morning specimen makes a renal acidification defect unlikely), glycosuria, specific gravity (should be >1.024 in an early-morning or concentrated sample), nitrite (>90% of common urinary pathogens produce nitrite) and leucocyte esterase; and (3) microscopy—for cellular elements (in particular red cells, with the presence of dysmorphic red cells detected by experienced observers indicative of glomerular bleeding), casts (cellular casts indicate renal inflammation), and crystals....

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Physical Characteristics of Red Cells Collected from the Spleen

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y71-154 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (12) ◽

pp. 1092-1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. C. Groom ◽

S. H. Song ◽

P. Lim ◽

B. Campling

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Ringer Solution ◽

Red Cells ◽

Venous Outflow ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Free Cells ◽

Vascular Channels ◽

Kinetics Of

Kinetics of cell washout, when isolated cat spleens are perfused with Ringer solution, have shown previously that the red cells stored in the spleen correspond to a system of three compartments (fast, intermediate, and slow); morphological studies, at different stages of the washout, have already identified these compartments as free cells in vascular channels, free cells within sinuses, and cells adhering to sinus walls, respectively. By collecting the venous outflow at three particular stages of the washout fairly pure samples (>85%) of the cells from each compartment have now been obtained. We have measured the density (phthalate method), volume, and osmotic changes (Celloscope) of these cells. Cells from the fast and intermediate compartments were not significantly different from those of arterial blood, but cells from the slow compartment were lighter (specific gravity difference was 0.0064; p < 0.01), larger in volume (5.0%; p < 0.01), and swelled 14% less in 200 mOsmol/l (p < 0.01). These differences indicated that cells from the slow compartment might be predominantly younger cells and this has been confirmed by finding reticulocyte counts of 58.0 ± 3.8 (S.E.) %. It is suggested that immature red cells, released from the bone marrow, may be sequestered in the spleen and matured.

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The Effect of repeated Bleedings on the Blood Constituents of Immunised Horses

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400005453 ◽

1913 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 353-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. A. O'Brien

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Total Protein ◽

Experimental Error ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Red Cells ◽

Differential Count ◽

Blood Constituents ◽

Sheep's Red Cells

(1) From a horse injected with sheep's red cells three months prior to the first bleeding and in a condition of constant haemolytic titre 122 litres of blood were taken in a period of 11 months. The horse's condition remained good throughout and has markedly improved during the year.(2) The net result was that the haemolytic titre during that time fell only to about 66% of its original value, the leucocytes to about 66%. haemoglobin scarcely at all, while the specific gravity of the blood and total protein have increased, the former by 10% the latter by 5%;.(3) There was no relationship between the total number of leucocytes and the amount of antibody. The differential count showed an increase of 12% in the polymorphonuclear and a decrease of 12% in the mononuclear cells, these figures being not very far outside the experimental error. The eosinophile and mast cells showed no marked alteration in number, size or staining reactions.

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The effect of potassium type and breed on the dry-matter percentage and specific gravity of the red blood cells and plasma of sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600030951 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. S. Mounib ◽

J. V. Evans

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Red Cells ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

High Concentration ◽

Noticeable Effect ◽

Haemoglobin Type

1. The red cells of sheep's blood containing a high concentration of potassium were found to have a higher dry-matter content and specific gravity than the red cells of sheep's blood with a low potassium content.2. While the diet and age of the animal affected the dry-matter content and specific gravity of the plasma, they did not have a noticeable effect on the results obtained for the red blood cells.3. Breed influenced the measurements for both the red blood cell and plasma.4. In the three breeds of sheep examined an inverse relationship existed between the dry matter content of the red blood cells and of the plasma.5. There is evidence that a correlation exists between the haemoglobin type of animal and the dry-matter content and specific gravity of the red blood cells.

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THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANTICOAGULANTS ON THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BLOOD AND OF PLASMA, AND ON THE HEMATOCRIT

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v4.7.863.863 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 863-868

Author(s):

PAUL L. MCLAIN ◽

C. H. WILLIAM RUHE ◽

GEORGE J. PASTORIUS

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Sodium Citrate ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Red Cells ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cent Solution ◽

Potassium Oxalate ◽

Fluid Component ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Heparin Solution

Abstract The effects of several commonly employed anticoagulant procedures on the specific gravity of blood and of plasma, and on the relative red cell volume, were studied in freshly drawn samples of arterial blood from rabbits. Measurements on treated blood, or its fluid component, were compared with corresponding results on portions of the same samples without treatment and prior to coagulation. Satisfactory preservation of the specific gravity of whole blood was obtained by defibrination or by the use of ammonium-potassium oxalate mixture. Satisfactory preservation of the specific gravity of plasma was obtained by defibrination or by the use of heparin solution. The relative volume of red cells was essentially unaltered by the use of dry heparin, oxalate mixture, 1.6 per cent solution of potassium oxalate, or by defibrination. Dry potassium oxalate and sodium citrate caused marked changes, increasing the specific gravity of blood and of plasma, and shrinking the red cells. Dry heparin caused significant increases in the specific gravity of blood and of plasma. Ammonium-potassium oxalate mixture increased the specific gravity of plasma markedly and consistently.

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Valence electron spectroscopy of inhomogeneous media

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130389 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1150-1151

Author(s):

A. Howie ◽

D.W. McComb

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Loss Function ◽

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Valence Electron ◽

Peak Height ◽

Loss Functions ◽

Loss Peak ◽

High Energies ◽

Valence Electron Density ◽

Electron Microscopist

The bulk loss function Im(-l/ε (ω)), a well established tool for the interpretation of valence loss spectra, is being progressively adapted to the wide variety of inhomogeneous samples of interest to the electron microscopist. Proportionality between n, the local valence electron density, and ε-1 (Sellmeyer's equation) has sometimes been assumed but may not be valid even in homogeneous samples. Figs. 1 and 2 show the experimentally measured bulk loss functions for three pure silicates of different specific gravity ρ - quartz (ρ = 2.66), coesite (ρ = 2.93) and a zeolite (ρ = 1.79). Clearly, despite the substantial differences in density, the shift of the prominent loss peak is very small and far less than that predicted by scaling e for quartz with Sellmeyer's equation or even the somewhat smaller shift given by the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) relation which assumes proportionality between n (or ρ in this case) and (ε - 1)/(ε + 2). Both theories overestimate the rise in the peak height for coesite and underestimate the increase at high energies.

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