Co-occurring violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic search and secondary analysis of national datasets

IntroductionIntersections between violent discipline (physical punishment and/or verbal aggression) of children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women have received growing international attention. This study aimed to determine how many Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries had national data on co-occurring IPV and violent discipline in the same household, how estimates compared and whether violent discipline was significantly associated with IPV.MethodsA systematic search (following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) was used to identify which LAC countries had eligible, national co-occurrence data. The most recent eligible dataset in each country was obtained and reanalysed for comparability. Standardised national estimates were produced for prevalence of violent discipline, physical and/or sexual IPV and co-occurrence among ever partnered women of reproductive age living with a child aged 1–14. Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions produced levels and odds ratios (ORs) of physical punishment and verbal aggression in households affected by IPV (past year and before past year) compared with never, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsNine countries had eligible datasets. Co-occurring physical punishment with past year IPV ranged from 1.7% (Nicaragua) to 17.5% (Bolivia); and with IPV ever from 6.0% (Nicaragua) to 21.2% (Haiti). In almost all countries, children in IPV affected households experienced significantly higher levels and ORs of physical punishment and verbal aggression, whether IPV occurred during or before the past year. Significant adjusted ORs of physical punishment ranged from 1.52 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.10) in Jamaica to 3.63 (95% CI 3.26 to 4.05) in Mexico for past year IPV; and from 1.50 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.83) in Nicaragua to 2.52 (95% CI 2.30 to 2.77) in Mexico for IPV before past year.ConclusionsIPV is a significant risk factor for violent discipline, but few national surveys in LAC measure both. Co-occurrence merits greater attention from policymakers and researchers.

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Intimate partner violence and condom negotiation efficacy among gay and bisexual men in Atlanta

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh15212 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 366 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rob Stephenson ◽

Ryan Freeland ◽

Catherine Finneran

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Gay And Bisexual Men ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Recent Experience ◽

Bisexual Men ◽

Condom Negotiation ◽

And Bisexual

Background The experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to decrease condom negotiation efficacy among women; however, studies of this association among gay and bisexual men (GBM) are lacking. Methods: A venue-recruited sample of 745 GBM was recruited in Atlanta, GA, USA in 2012–13. Participants self-completed a survey including questions on recent (previous 12 month) experience and perpetration of IPV using the IPV-GBM Scale. Multivariate regression analysis examined the association between reporting low condom negotiation efficacy with the respondent’s most recent sex partner (19.2% of respondents) and recent experience of IPV with the same or another partner. Results: Nearly half the sample (49.1%) reported recent receipt of IPV, although prevalence varied considerably across the forms of IPV. GBM who reported recent IPV experience were significantly less likely to report having felt able to negotiate condom use. Conclusions: These findings suggest that IPV may be a significant risk factor for HIV acquisition and transmission among GBM.

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Maternal Childhood Parental Abuse History and Current Intimate Partner Violence: Data From the Pacific Islands Families Study

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/088667007781553973 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 474-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Janis Paterson ◽

Peggy Faibairn-Dunlop ◽

Esther Tumama Cowley-Malcolm ◽

Philip J. Schluter

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Childhood Parenting ◽

Complex Phenomena

Pacific peoples are a rapidly growing but socially disadvantaged segment of New Zealand society. Within this context, individuals may be particularly vulnerable to the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of the study was to establish the association between the experience of maternal and/or paternal emotional or physical abuse and current severe physical partner violence perpetration or victimization among a cohort of Pacific women. Paternal physical abuse was the only statistically significant risk factor from childhood parenting history that was independently associated with severe physical perpetration and victimization within the mother’s current intimate partner relationship (RR 2.6). These findings highlight the deleterious effect of paternal physical violence on subsequent IPV and contribute to the development of empirically based and considered ways to approach these complex phenomena.

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Intimate Partner Violence and its Association With Contraceptive Use Among Women in Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research ◽

10.33824/pjpr.2019.34.1.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (Spring 2019) ◽

pp. 157-173

Author(s):

Kashif Siddique ◽

Rubeena Zakar ◽

Ra’ana Malik ◽

Naveeda Farhat ◽

Farah Deeba

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Odds Ratios

The aim of this study is to find the association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and contraceptive use among married women in Pakistan. The analysis was conducted by using cross sectional secondary data from every married women of reproductive age 15-49 years who responded to domestic violence module (N = 3687) of the 2012-13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey. The association between contraceptive use (outcome variable) and IPV was measured by calculating unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using simple binary logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression. The result showed that out of 3687 women, majority of women 2126 (57.7%) were using contraceptive in their marital relationship. Among total, 1154 (31.3%) women experienced emotional IPV, 1045 (28.3%) women experienced physical IPV and 1402 (38%) women experienced both physical and emotional IPV together respectively. All types of IPV was significantly associated with contraceptive use and women who reported emotional IPV (AOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.23, 1.67), physical IPV (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.20, 1.65) and both emotional and physical IPV together (AOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.24, 1.72) were more likely to use contraceptives respectively. The study revealed that women who were living in violent relationship were more likely to use contraceptive in Pakistan. Still there is a need for women reproductive health services and government should take initiatives to promote family planning services, awareness and access to contraceptive method options for women to reduce unintended or mistimed pregnancies that occurred in violent relationships.

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Spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel analysis

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01218-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dessie Abebaw Angaw ◽

Alemakef Wagnew Melesse ◽

Bisrat Misganaw Geremew ◽

Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence is a serious global public health problem particularly in low-and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia where women's empowerment is limited. Despite the high prevalence of intimate partner violence in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women. Exploring the spatial distribution of intimate partner violence is crucial to identify hotspot areas of intimate partner violence to design targeted health care interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 6090 reproductive-age women were included in the study. The spatial scan statistical analysis was done to identify the significant hotspot areas of intimate partner violence. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant determinants of intimate partner violence. Deviance, Intra-cluster Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio, and Proportional Change in Variance (PCV) were used for model comparison as well as for checking model fitness. Variables with a p-value less than 0.2 were considered in the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare statistical significance and strength of association between intimate partner violence and independent variables. Results The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of intimate partner violence was significantly varied across the country (Moran’s I = 0.1007, p-value < 0.0001). The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 192 significant clusters, of these 181 were primary clusters located in the Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, northwest Amhara, and west Oromia regions. In the multivariable multilevel analysis; women aged 45–49 years (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.52–5.10), women attained secondary education (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.98), women in the richest household (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97), > 10 family size (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.41–10.54), and high community women empowerment (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.8)) were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions Intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women had significant spatial variation across the country. Women's age, education status, family size, community women empowerment, and wealth status were found significant determinants of intimate partner violence. Therefore, public health programs should design targeted interventions in identified hot spot areas to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence. Besides, health programmers should scale up public health programs designed to enhance women's autonomy to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence and its consequences.

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Intimate partner violence against reproductive-age women and associated factors in Peru: Evidence from national surveys, 2015-2017

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07478 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e07478

Author(s):

Ruth M. Burgos-Muñoz ◽

Anderson N. Soriano-Moreno ◽

Guido Bendezu-Quispe ◽

Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽

Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

National Surveys ◽

Reproductive Age Women

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Individual and community-level risk factors of women’s acceptance of intimate partner violence in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of 2011 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01427-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emiru Merdassa Atomssa ◽

Araya Abrha Medhanyie ◽

Girmatsion Fisseha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Survey ◽

Women's Education ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Community Level ◽

State Region ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background The prevalence of Intimate partner violence (IPV) is higher in societies with higher acceptance of norms that support IPV. In Ethiopia, the proportion of women’s acceptance of IPV was 69%, posing a central challenge in preventing IPV. The main objective of this study was to assess the individual and community-level factors associated with women’s acceptance of IPV. Methods Two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was applied to the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 16,366 women nested in the 596 clusters were included in the analysis. Results The acceptability of the IPV was estimated to be 69%. Among the individual-level factors: women’s education with secondary and above (AOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.29–0.52), partner’s education secondary and above (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.54–0.82), women aged 35–49 years (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.54–0.82), fully empowered in household level decision making (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI0.54–0.81), literate (AOR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.62–0.92), and perceived existence of law that prevents IPV (AOR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.50–0.63) were significantly associated with women’s acceptance of IPV. Similarly, rural residence (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI 1.53–2.43) and living in the State region (AOR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.81–3.10) were significantly associated with the women’s acceptance of IPV among the community-level factors. Conclusion Both individual and community-level factors were significant risk factors for the acceptability of intimate partner violence. Women's education, women's age, women’s empowerment, partner education level, perceived existence of the law, and literacy were among individual factors. State region and residence were among community-level risk factors significantly associated women’s acceptance of IPV.

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Intimate Partner Violence as a Predictor of Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Rwanda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-517631/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Claire Bahati ◽

Josias Izabayo ◽

Japhet Niyonsenga ◽

Vincent Sezibera ◽

Léon Mutesa

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Services Utilization ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Although compelling evidence shows that the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their offspring, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods: The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first three months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the antenatal care (ANC) services utilization indicators. Results: Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5years or under (N=5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preceding 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R) = 0.6151 confidence interval (CI) [0.417-0.908] and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first three months (O.R) =0.656 confidence interval (CI) = [0.445-0.967].Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of IPV is still high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IVP during ANC visits.

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Experience of intimate partner violence of women at reproductive age group in india and their decision-making power

Advances in Human Biology ◽

10.4103/aihb.aihb_122_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Russell Kabir ◽

Harshini Harish ◽

Angi Alradie-Mohamed ◽

Solomon Afework ◽

Masoud Mohammadnezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Reproductive Age Group

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Relationship Status Acceptance, Alcohol Use, and the Perpetration of Verbal Aggression Among Males Mandated to Treatment for Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260513487991 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (13) ◽

pp. 2731-2748 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cory A. Crane ◽

Samuel W. Hawes ◽

Lindsay M. S. Oberleitner ◽

Dolores Mandel ◽

Caroline J. Easton

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Verbal Aggression ◽

Relationship Status

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Longitudinal Correlates of Maternal Involvement and Spanking in Spanish-speaking Latinas Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520958630 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052095863

Author(s):

Sara F. Stein ◽

Kaitlin Prakken ◽

Andrew C. Grogan-Kaylor ◽

Maria M. Galano ◽

Hannah M. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Physical Punishment ◽

Maternal Involvement ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Over Time

Mothers experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) have been found to have negative long-term parenting outcomes, such as reduced maternal involvement and greater use of physical punishment, which represent potential pathways by which IPV negatively affects children. Factors influencing these parenting practices have not been examined in IPV-exposed Latinas. The aim of this study is to understand the factors that affect maternal involvement and spanking by Latinas to contribute to culturally-informed intervention development and refinement. A total of 93 Spanish-speaking Latinas who had experienced IPV completed standardized measures of maternal involvement, spanking, IPV, depression, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) and provided demographic information. Slightly over half of the women participated in an intervention program. Longitudinal multilevel modeling (MLM) demonstrated that higher levels of maternal depression predicted lower levels of involvement over time. PTS reexperiencing symptoms were positively related to involvement, such that mothers with higher levels of reexperiencing reported higher levels of involvement. An independent longitudinal MLM revealed that higher amounts of IPV exposure and higher levels of PTS arousal symptoms were associated with higher levels of spanking, while maternal employment was associated with lower levels of this same parenting behavior. Maternal involvement increased over time, where there was no significant change in spanking over time, and no effect of the intervention program on either parenting practice. Results suggest clinical interventions should target reductions in depression and specific PTS symptom subdomains as pathways to improving parenting in IPV-exposed Latinas. Continued study is needed to understand the relationship between reexperiencing and maternal involvement.

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