scholarly journals Plant-based diets, pescatarian diets and COVID-19 severity: a population-based case–control study in six countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2021-000272
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Casey M Rebholz ◽  
Sheila Hegde ◽  
Christine LaFiura ◽  
Madhunika Raghavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

BackgroundSeveral studies have hypothesised that dietary habits may play an important role in COVID-19 infection, severity of symptoms, and duration of illness. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns and COVID-19.MethodsHealthcare workers (HCWs) from six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA) with substantial exposure to COVID-19 patients completed a web-based survey from 17 July to 25 September 2020. Participants provided information on demographic characteristics, dietary information, and COVID-19 outcomes. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the association between self-reported diets and COVID-19 infection, severity, and duration.ResultsThere were 568 COVID-19 cases and 2316 controls. Among the 568 cases, 138 individuals had moderate-to-severe COVID-19 severity whereas 430 individuals had very mild to mild COVID-19 severity. After adjusting for important confounders, participants who reported following ‘plant-based diets’ and ‘plant-based diets or pescatarian diets’ had 73% (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.81) and 59% (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.99) lower odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 severity, respectively, compared with participants who did not follow these diets. Compared with participants who reported following ‘plant-based diets’, those who reported following ‘low carbohydrate, high protein diets’ had greater odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.13 to 13.24). No association was observed between self-reported diets and COVID-19 infection or duration.ConclusionIn six countries, plant-based diets or pescatarian diets were associated with lower odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. These dietary patterns may be considered for protection against severe COVID-19.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood maternal socioeconomic status indicators and risk of congenital heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Miao ◽  
Sandra Dunn ◽  
Shi Wu Wen ◽  
Jane Lougheed ◽  
Jessica Reszel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Chd Risk

Abstract Background This study aimed to examine the relationships between various maternal socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods This was a population-based retrospective cohort study, including all singleton stillbirths and live births in Ontario hospitals from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the relationships between maternal neighbourhood household income, poverty, education level, employment and unemployment status, immigration and minority status, and population density and the risk of CHD. All SES variables were estimated at a dissemination area level and categorized into quintiles. Adjustments were made for maternal age at birth, assisted reproductive technology, obesity, pre-existing maternal health conditions, substance use during pregnancy, rural or urban residence, and infant’s sex. Results Of 804,292 singletons, 9731 (1.21%) infants with CHD were identified. Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the highest income neighbourhoods, infants whose mothers lived in the lowest income neighbourhoods had higher likelihood of developing CHD (adjusted OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20–1.38). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the highest percentage of people with a university or higher degree, infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the lowest percentage of people with university or higher degree had higher chance of CHD (adjusted OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24–1.44). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the highest employment rate, the odds of infants whose mothers resided in areas with the lowest employment having CHD was 18% higher (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.26). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the lowest proportion of immigrants or minorities, infants whose mothers resided in areas with the highest proportions of immigrants or minorities had 18% lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.77–0.88) and 16% lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.91) of CHD, respectively. Conclusion Lower maternal neighbourhood household income, poverty, lower educational level and unemployment status had positive associations with CHD, highlighting a significant social inequity in Ontario. The findings of lower CHD risk in immigrant and minority neighbourhoods require further investigation.

Use of low carbohydrate, high protein diets in cats with diabetes mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Hall ◽  
O. M. Mahony ◽  
L. M. Freeman ◽  
E. A. Rozanski
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Decreased Warfarin Effect after Initiation of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J Beatty ◽  
Bella H Mehta ◽  
Jennifer L Rodis
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) after initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. CASE SUMMARIES: Case 1. A 67-year-old white woman had been receiving warfarin for 3 years for venous thromboembolism. After initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, the patient required a 22.2% increase (from 45 to 57.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. Her INR remained in the therapeutic range on this dose for 8 weeks. When the patient stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, a decrease back to the original warfarin dose was required to return to a therapeutic INR. Case 2. A 58-year-old white man had been receiving warfarin for 8 years for a cerebrovascular accident. Initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a 30% increase (from 26.25 to 37.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. His warfarin dose was reduced to the original dose after he stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. DISCUSSION: The Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible adverse effect between warfarin and high-protein diets. High-protein diets have been shown to increase serum albumin levels. This may result in more warfarin binding to serum albumin, thereby decreasing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The increase of albumin occurs rapidly after initiation of a high-protein diet and appears to promptly affect anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS: These cases indicate a significant interaction between high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets and warfarin therapy. Patients receiving warfarin therapy should be educated on and monitored for the potential interaction that occurs with warfarin therapy and high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets.

Beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate-high-protein diets in long-term diabetic rats

Metabolism ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard G. Siegel ◽  
Volker E. Trapp ◽  
Claes B. Wollheim ◽  
Albert E. Renold ◽  
Felix H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Dietary habits and the presence and degree of asymptomatic diverticular disease by magnetic resonance imaging in a Western population: a population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Askani ◽  
Susanne Rospleszcz ◽  
Theresa Rothenbacher ◽  
Nina Wawro ◽  
Helmut Messmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Diverticular Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
High Fiber

Abstract Background Despite the worldwide burden of diverticular disease, the connections between diverticular disease and dietary habits remain poorly understood, particularly in an asymptomatic representative sample. We investigated the association between asymptomatic diverticular disease as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dietary habits in a Western study cohort. Methods Participants from a cross-sectional sample of a population-based cohort study underwent whole-body 3T-MRI including an isotropic VIBE-Dixon sequence. The presence and extent of diverticular disease was assessed in blinded fashion. Habitual dietary intake was recorded using a blended approach, applying 24-h food lists and a food-frequency questionnaire. Traditional cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained by interviews and medical examination. Univariate and multivariate associations were calculated. Results A total of 308 subjects were included in this analysis (56% male, 56.4 ± 9.1 years). 39.9% had any form of diverticular disease and 15.3% had advanced asymptomatic diverticular disease. After adjustment for age, sex and total energy intake a higher intake of fiber and vegetables was associated with a lower odds for asymptomatic diverticular disease (fiber: OR 0.68 95% CI [0.48, 0.95]; vegetables: OR 0.72 95% CI [0.53, 0.97]) and an increased intake of meat was associated with an approximately two-fold higher odds for advanced asymptomatic diverticular disease (OR 1.84 95% CI [1.13, 2.99]). However, after additional adjustment for body-mass-index (BMI), alcohol consumption, smoking behavior and physical activity only a high fiber and vegetables intake remained significantly associated with lower odds of asymptomatic diverticular disease. Conclusion Our results indicate that a high-fiber diet and increased intake of vegetables is associated with lower odds of having asymptomatic diverticular disease, independent of age, sex, total energy intake, BMI and other life-style factors.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the MCC-Spain Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5457
Author(s):  
Marta Solans ◽  
Sílvia Fernández-Barrés ◽  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
Yolanda Benavente ◽  
Rafael Marcos-Gragera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Incident Cases

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults in Western countries. Its etiology is largely unknown but increasing incidence rates observed worldwide suggest that lifestyle and environmental factors such as diet might play a role in the development of CLL. Hence, we hypothesized that the consumption of ultra-processed food and drinks (UPF) might be associated with CLL. Data from a Spanish population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain study) including 230 CLL cases (recruited within three years of diagnosis) and 1634 population-based controls were used. The usual diet during the previous year was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire and food and drink consumption was categorized using the NOVA classification scheme. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used. Overall, no association was reported between the consumption of UPF and CLL cases (OR per each 10% increase of the relative contribution of UPF to total dietary intake = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.94; 1.25)), independently of the Rai stage at diagnosis. However, when analyses were restricted to cases diagnosed within <1 year (incident), each 10% increment in the consumption of UPF was associated with a 22% higher odds ratio of CLL (95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) suggesting that the overall results might be affected by the inclusion of prevalent cases, who might have changed their dietary habits after cancer diagnosis. Given the low number of cases in the subgroup analyses and multiple tests performed, chance findings cannot totally be ruled out. Nonetheless, positive associations found in CLL incident cases merit further research, ideally in well-powered studies with a prospective design.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Modern Fad Diets and Kidney Stone Disease: A Systematic Review of Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4270
Author(s):  
Yazeed Barghouthy ◽  
Mariela Corrales ◽  
Bhaskar Somani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Diet Type

Objectives: Kidney stone disease (KSD) has a strong association with diet metabolic syndrome. This review aims at exploring the lithogenic risk posed by the current most popular diets. Our approach was to search for the effect of each diet type on the major urinary risk factors, to try to draw conclusions regarding the association of a specific diet type and KSD. Methods: This systematic review searched for the available literature exploring the association between the existing popular fad diets and KSD. Articles in English, French and Spanish were included, without restriction of the search period with the final search done in August 2021. Results: Total number of studies and studies for each diet type was as follows: 22 articles for the low carbohydrate diet, 20 articles for high protein diets, 26 articles for vegetarian and vegan diets. There exists a substantial variability in different low carbohydrate and high protein diets, and considerable overlap between modern popular fad diets. High carbohydrate intake might increase urine uric acid, calcium and oxalate levels. High protein diets increase urine calcium and uric acid and lower urine pH and citrate. Consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the urinary volume and urinary citrate. In vegan diets, sufficient daily calcium intake is important to avoid possible secondary hyperoxaluria. Conclusions: Few studies evaluated the direct relationship between modern fad diets and KSD. In general, the reduction of carbohydrate in the diet, and counterbalancing protein rich diets with sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, seem to play a protective role against KSD formation. Maintaining sufficient calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets is important. Additional research is needed to directly evaluate the link between KSD and each diet type.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome factors in a non-diabetic Italian population

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1494-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Léa Corrêa Leite ◽  
Alfredo Nicolosi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study. The K-means clustering method was used to identify dietary patterns and logistic regression models were used to compare the adjusted prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome factors, stratifying by obesity status.SettingThe 1992–3 Italian Bollate Eye Study, a population-based survey carried out in the town of Bollate (Milan), Italy.SubjectsA total of 1052 non-diabetic Italian subjects, 527 men and 525 women, aged 42–74 years.ResultsFive dietary clusters were identified: common, animal products, starch, vegetal/fat and vitamin/fibre. After adjusting for potential confounders, the starch group showed the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (36 %) followed by the animal products group (30 %); the vitamin/fibre (20 %) and vegetal/fat groups (19 %) showed the lowest prevalence. The starch group had more dyslipidaemia (higher TAG and lower HDL cholesterol levels) and the animal products group had a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose. The vitamin/fibre group had the lowest prevalence of abdominal obesity. The beneficial effect of the vegetal/fat and vitamin/fibre dietary patterns seemed stronger among the obese.ConclusionsOur results confirm the deleterious effect of a very-low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and also of high intakes of animal products. The consumption of a diet high in vegetal fats or rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. Reducing obesity is essential to prevent metabolic syndrome, but even among the obese dietary habits are important for preserving healthy lipid and glycaemic profiles.

An update on low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A Noble ◽  
Robert F Kushner
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets
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