scholarly journals Loneliness and depression among rural empty-nest elderly adults in Liuyang, China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Mi Hu ◽  
Shui-yuan Xiao ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Empty Nest ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ObjectiveTo compare loneliness, depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes between empty-nest and not-empty-nest older adults in rural areas of Liuyang city, Hunan, China.MethodsA cross-sectional multi-stage random cluster survey was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 in Liuyang, China. A total of 839 rural older residents aged 60 or above completed the survey (response rate 97.6%). In line with the definition of empty nest, 25 participants who had no children were excluded from the study, while the remaining 814 elderly adults with at least one child were included for analysis. Loneliness and depressive symptoms in rural elderly parents were assessed using the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Major depressive episodes were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I).ResultsSignificant differences were found between empty-nest and not-empty-nest older adults regarding loneliness (16.19±3.90 vs. 12.87±3.02, Cohen’s d=0.97), depressive symptoms (8.50±6.26 vs. 6.92±5.19, Cohen’s d=0.28) and the prevalence of major depressive episodes (10.1% vs. 4.6%) (all p<0.05). After controlling for demographic characteristics and physical disease, the differences in loneliness, depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes remained significant. Path analysis showed that loneliness mediated the relationship between empty-nest syndrome and depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes.ConclusionLoneliness and depression are more severe among empty-nest than not-empty-nest rural elderly adults. Loneliness was a mediating variable between empty-nest syndrome and depression.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy for subclinical depression: meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Sander L. Koole ◽  
Annemiek van Dijke ◽  
Miquel Roca ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Subclinical Depression

BackgroundThere is controversy about whether psychotherapies are effective in the treatment of subclinical depression, defined by clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the absence of a major depressive disorder.AimsTo examine whether psychotherapies are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, reduce the risk of developing major depressive disorder and have comparable effects to psychological treatment of major depression.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing a psychological treatment of subclinical depression with a control group.ResultsThe target groups, therapies and characteristics of the included studies differed considerably from each other, and the quality of many studies was not optimal. Psychotherapies did have a small to moderate effect on depressive symptoms against care as usual at the post-test assessment (g = 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.47; NNT = 5, 95% CI 4–8) and significantly reduced the incidence of major depressive episodes at 6 months (RR = 0.61) and possibly at 12 months (RR = 0.74). The effects were significantly smaller than those of psychotherapy for major depressive disorder and could be accounted for by non-specific effects of treatment.ConclusionsPsychotherapy may be effective in the treatment of subclinical depression and reduce the incidence of major depression, but more high-quality research is needed.

scholarly journals Accuracy of three depression screening scales to diagnose major depressive episodes in older adults without neurocognitive disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica V. Costa ◽  
Maissa F. Diniz ◽  
Kenia K. Nascimento ◽  
Kelly S. Pereira ◽  
Natalia S. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

scholarly journals Negative Self-Referential Processing Predicts the Recurrence of Major Depressive Episodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle LeMoult ◽  
Katharina Kircanski ◽  
Gautam Prasad ◽  
Ian H. Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Most individuals who develop major depressive disorder (MDD) will experience a recurrent depressive episode; we know little, however, about cognitive mechanisms that increase the likelihood of recurrence. In the current study we examined whether negatively biased self-referential processing, negative life events, baseline depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use predicted the onset of a subsequent depressive episode in a longitudinal study of women with a history of recurrent MDD. Higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline predicted experiencing a greater number of negative life events, which, in turn, tended to predict recurrence of depression. It is important that after accounting for other associations, negatively biased self-referential processing contributed unique variance to the likelihood of experiencing a depressive episode over the next 3 years. Thus, negatively biased self-referential processing appears to be a significant risk factor for the recurrence of depressive episodes and may be an important target for interventions aimed at preventing future episodes.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Major Depressive Episodes Is Higher in Urban Regions of Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wiens ◽  
Jeanne V. A. Williams ◽  
Dina H. Lavorato ◽  
Andrew G. M. Bulloch ◽  
Scott B. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Objective: Major depressive disorder is an important contributor to disease burden. Anticipation of service needs is important, yet basic information is lacking. For example, there is no consensus as to whether major depressive episodes (MDE) are more or less prevalent in urban or rural areas. The objective of this study was to determine whether a difference exists in Canada. Method: A series of 11 Canadian national cross-sectional studies were examined from 2000 to 2014, providing much greater precision than prior analyses. Survey-specific MDE prevalence estimates were synthesized into a pooled odds ratio comparing urban to rural areas using meta-analytic methods. Results: Differences in the survey-specific estimates were not in excess of what would be expected due to sampling variability. This suggests that inconsistency in the prior literature is due to inadequate power and precision, an issue addressed by the meta-analytic pooling. The pooled odds ratio for Canada is 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.25), indicating that urban regions have higher MDE prevalence than rural regions. However, the difference is very small and of uncertain significance for policy and planning. Conclusions: Prevalence of MDE is approximately 18% higher in urban compared to rural regions of Canada. The difference is insufficient to impute differing need for services, but the result resolves an inconsistency in the existing literature and may play a role in future needs assessment.

Depression, Hopelessness and Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Drake ◽  
Paul G. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Relationship

Hospital records for 104 schizophrenic patients, 15 of whom subsequently committed suicide, were rated blindly for individual depressive symptoms comprising DSM III major depressive episode, and for hopelessness. Our results indicate that a large proportion of schizophrenic patients experienced major depressive episodes, and that these can be reliably identified. Presuicidal schizophrenics also experienced depressed mood, but only a minority developed the full syndrome; they typically exhibited the psychological, but not somatic symptoms. The relationship between depression and suicide disappears when hopelessness is taken into account.

Depression in Primary Care 1: Elderly Patients' Disclosure of Depressive Symptoms to Their Doctors

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. O'Connor ◽  
Richard Rosewarne ◽  
Ann Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
General Medical Practitioner ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background: This article examines some of the factors responsible for older patients' decision to report current depressive symptoms to their general medical practitioner. A companion article considers factors contributing to general practitioners' (GPs') recognition of major depressive episode when it was present. Methods: A survey was conducted of a stratified sample of 1,021 patients aged 70+ years of 30 GPs in Melbourne, Australia, to gauge the prevalence of depressive symptoms, the frequency with which patients had informed GPs of their symptoms, and GPs' recognition of major depressive episodes. Patients and informants were questioned using the Canberra Interview for the Elderly, which generates rigorous ICD-10 research diagnoses. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that symptom disclosure was associated in descending order of importance with higher depressive scores, previous contact with a psychiatrist, and female gender. Even so, 48% of persons with ICD-10 moderate or severe depressive episode had not reported any current complaints to their doctor at the time of interview. Conclusion: Older patients often do not report depressive symptoms to their medical practitioner. Men and patients lacking “psychological mindedness” may be at special risk.

scholarly journals Association between Depression and Renal Hyperfiltration in a General Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452
Author(s):  
Miao Lin ◽  
Huibin Huang ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
Jixing Liang ◽  
Liantao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Renal Hyperfiltration ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background: Depression is prevalent in patients with all stages of CKD and is associated with adverse outcome. Abnormally elevated GFR, or hyperfiltration, may play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of CKD. However, the association between depression and hyperfiltration is not known. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and hyperfiltration. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. A total of 3,716 volunteers (1,303 males and 2,413 females) aged 40–75 years without CKD from a community in China were included for the study. Depressive symptoms and the presence of a minor or major depressive episode were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition)-based structured interview, respectively. Results: The mean age of the participants in the present study was 53.8 ± 9.0 years. 115 participants had clinically relevant depression, and 122 participants had a minor or major depressive episode. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, the association between clinically relevant depression and renal hyperfiltration remained significant in men but not in women. As compared with men without depression (PHQ <5) or depressive episodes, those with clinically relevant depression (PHQ ≥10) had a significantly higher risk of renal hyperfiltration. The fully adjusted OR (95% CI) was 4.81 (1.62–14.30, p = 0.005), those with a major depressive episode had a higher risk of renal hyperfiltration (OR 7.45; 95% CI 2.04–27.21, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes are associated with renal hyperfiltration in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men without CKD. Future studies are needed to verify and clarify the role of depression in the development of abnormally high eGFR and CKD.

scholarly journals Association between food insecurity and major depressive episodes amid Covid-19 pandemic: results of four consecutive epidemiological surveys from southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pozza Santos ◽  
Antônio Augusto Schäfer ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira Meller ◽  
Inacio Crochemore-Silva ◽  
Bruno Pereira Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between household food insecurity (FI) and major depressive episodes (MDE) amid Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional study carried out with data from four consecutive population-based studies. Setting: The study was conducted between May and June 2020, in Bagé, a Brazilian southern city. Household FI was measured using the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, we used two different approaches to define MDE: the cut-off point of ≥9 and the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-R). Association between FI and MDE was analysed using crude and adjusted Poisson regression models. Participants: 1550 adults (≥20 years old). Results: The prevalence of household FI was 29.4% (95%C.I 25.0; 34.4). MDE prevalence varied from 4.4% (95%C.I. 3.1 to 6.0), when we used the DSM-IV-R criteria to define this condition, to 9.6% (95%C.I 7.3; 12.5) of the sample, when we used the cut-off point of ≥9 as definition. Prevalence of MDE was more than two times higher in those individuals living with FI, independent of the criteria adopted to define the outcome. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the association’s magnitude. Conclusion: Household FI has been positively associated with MDE amid Covid-19 pandemic, independent of sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Actions are needed to warrant basic living conditions to avoid food insecurity and hunger and its consequences for the Brazilian population, especially those consequences linked to mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Association of Selenium Intake and Development of Depression in Brazilian Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lourençoni Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Glenda Blaser Petarli ◽  
Monica Cattafesta ◽  
Eliana Zandonade ◽  
Olivia Maria de Paula Alves Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Introduction: Depression and deficiency in the consumption of micronutrients are a public health problem, especially in the rural population. The deficiency in selenium consumption affects mental health, contributing to the development of major depressive disorders. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate selenium intake and its association with depressive symptoms in farmers in southeastern Brazil.Material and Methods: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study with 736 farmers aged between 18 and 59. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical condition data. For evaluation of food intake, three 24-h recalls were applied, and for identification of depressive episodes, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was conducted.Results: A total of 16.1% (n = 119) of the farmers presented symptoms of major depressive episodes, 5.8% (n = 43) presented symptoms of current depressive episodes, and 10.3% (n = 76) presented symptoms of recurrent major depressive episodes. Sociodemographic factors associated with depression were gender (p &lt; 0.001), marital status (p = 0.004), and socioeconomic class (p = 0.015). The consumption of high doses of selenium was associated with a reduction of ~54% in the chances of occurrence of depression (OR = 0.461; 95% CI = 0.236–0.901).Conclusion: High selenium intake is associated with a lower prevalence of depression even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and pesticide intoxication. The findings of this study contributed to highlighting the high prevalence of depression in rural areas and its relationship with selenium intake.

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