Association between QTc prolongation and mortality in patients with suspected poisoning in the emergency department: a transnational propensity score matched cohort study

ObjectivesPoisoning is a frequent cause of admission to the emergency department (ED) and may involve drugs known to prolong the QT interval. This study aims to describe the prevalence of QTc prolongation among ED patients with suspected poisoning and to calculate the absolute and relative risk of mortality or cardiac arrest associated with a prolonged QTc interval.MethodsWe performed a register-based cohort study, including all adult first-time contacts with suspected poisoning to the ED of two Swedish hospitals (January 2010–December 2014) and two Danish hospitals (March 2013–April 2014). We used propensity score matching to calculate HRs for all-cause mortality or cardiac arrest (combined endpoint) within 30 days after contact comparing patients with a prolonged QTc interval (≥450 ms men, ≥460 ms women) with patients with a QTc interval of <440 ms.ResultsAmong all first-time contacts with suspected poisoning that had an ECG recorded within 4 hours after arrival (n=3869), QTc prolongation occurred in 6.5%. The overall mortality after a 30-day follow-up period was 0.8% (95% CI 0.6 to 1.2), with an absolute risk of mortality or cardiac arrest in patients with QTc prolongation of 3.2% (95% CI 1.4 to 6.1). A prolonged QTc interval on arrival was associated with a HR of 3.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 12.2).ConclusionIn the ED, a prolonged QTc interval in patients arriving with suspected poisoning seems to be associated with a threefold increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality or cardiac arrest.

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Risk of QTc Interval Prolongation Associated With Circulating Anti‐Ro/SSA Antibodies Among US Veterans: An Observational Cohort Study

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.018735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Pietro Enea Lazzerini ◽

Gabriele Cevenini ◽

Yongxia Sarah Qu ◽

Frank Fabris ◽

Nabil El‐Sherif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Small Sample ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Qtc Prolongation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Us Veterans

Background Anti‐Sjögren's syndrome‐related antigen A‐antibodies (anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibodies) are responsible for a novel form of acquired long‐QT syndrome, owing to autoimmune‐mediated inhibition of cardiac human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene‐potassium channels. However, current evidence derives only from basic mechanistic studies and relatively small sample‐size clinical investigations. Hence, the aim of our study is to estimate the risk of QTc prolongation associated with the presence of anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibodies in a large population of unselected subjects. Methods and Results This is a retrospective observational cohort study using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Participants were veterans who were tested for anti‐Ro/SSA status and had an ECG. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for heart rate‐corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. The study population consisted of 7339 subjects (61.4±12.2 years), 612 of whom were anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive (8.3%). Subjects who were anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive showed an increased prevalence of QTc prolongation, in the presence of other concomitant risk factors (crude odds ratios [OR], 1.67 [1.26–2.21] for QTc >470/480 ms; 2.32 [1.54–3.49] for QTc >490 ms; 2.77 [1.66–4.60] for QTc >500 ms), independent of a connective tissue disease history. Adjustments for age, sex, electrolytes, cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, and medications gradually attenuated QTc prolongation estimates, particularly when QT‐prolonging drugs were added to the model. Nevertheless, stepwise‐fully adjusted OR for the higher cutoffs remained significantly increased in anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive subjects, particularly for QTc >500 ms (2.27 [1.34–3.87]). Conclusions Anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibody positivity was independently associated with an increased risk of marked QTc prolongation in a large cohort of US veterans. Our data suggest that within the general population individuals who are anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive may represent a subgroup of patients particularly predisposed to ventricular arrhythmias/sudden cardiac death.

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Clinical outcome of out-of-hospital vs. in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Heart and Vessels ◽

10.1007/s00380-021-01976-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julian Müller ◽

Michael Behnes ◽

Tobias Schupp ◽

Linda Reiser ◽

Gabriel Taton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

AbstractLimited data regarding the prognostic impact of ventricular tachyarrhythmias related to out-of-hospital (OHCA) compared to in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is available. A large retrospective single-center observational registry with all patients admitted due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias was used including all consecutive patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) on admission from 2002 to 2016. Survivors discharged after OHCA were compared to those after IHCA using multivariable Cox regression models and propensity-score matching for evaluation of the primary endpoint of long-term all-cause mortality at 2.5 years. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality at 6 months and cardiac rehospitalization at 2.5 years. From 2.422 consecutive patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, a total of 524 patients survived cardiac arrest and were discharged from hospital (OHCA 62%; IHCA 38%). In about 50% of all cases, acute myocardial infarction was the underlying disease leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmias with consecutive aborted cardiac arrest. Survivors of IHCA were associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality compared to OHCA even after multivariable adjustment (28% vs. 16%; log rank p = 0.001; HR 1.623; 95% CI 1.002–2.629; p = 0.049) and after propensity-score matching (28% vs. 19%; log rank p = 0.045). Rates of cardiac rehospitalization rates at 2.5 years were equally distributed between OHCA and IHCA survivors. In patients presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, survivors of IHCA were associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality at 2.5 years compared to OHCA survivors.

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Associations Between Anemia, Cognitive Impairment, and All-Cause Mortality in Oldest-Old Adults: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.613426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Wangping ◽

Han Ke ◽

Wang Shengshu ◽

Song Yang ◽

Yang Shanshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Objective: To evaluate the combined effects of anemia and cognitive function on the risk of all-cause mortality in oldest-old individuals.Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.Setting and Participants: We included 1,212 oldest-old individuals (men, 416; mean age, 93.3 years).Methods: Blood tests, physical examinations, and health questionnaire surveys were conducted in 2012 were used for baseline data. Mortality was assessed in the subsequent 2014 and 2018 survey waves. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate anemia, cognitive impairment, and mortality risk. We used restricted cubic splines to analyze and visualize the association between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and mortality risk.Results: A total of 801 (66.1%) deaths were identified during the 6-year follow-up. We noted a significant association between anemia and mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.54) after adjusting for confounding variables. We also observed a dose-response relationship between the severity of anemia and mortality (P < 0.001). In the restricted cubic spline models, Hb levels had a reverse J-shaped association with mortality risk (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84–0.93 per 10 g/L-increase in Hb levels below 130 g/L). The reverse J-shaped association persisted in individuals without cognitive impairment (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.98 per 10 g/L-increase in Hb levels below 110 g/L). For people with cognitive impairment, Hb levels were inversely associated with mortality risk (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.89 per 10 g/L-increase in Hb levels below 150 g/L). People with anemia and cognitive impairment had the highest risk of mortality (HR 2.60, 95% CI 2.06–3.27).Conclusion: Our results indicate that anemia is associated with an increased risk of mortality in oldest-old people. Cognitive impairment modifies the association between Hb levels and mortality.

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Risk of mortality and complications in patients with schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus: population-based cohort study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2020.248 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Joe Kwun Nam Chan ◽

Corine Sau Man Wong ◽

Philip Chi Fai Or ◽

Eric Yu Hai Chen ◽

Wing Chung Chang

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Complication Rate ◽

Population Based ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Metabolic Complication ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background Schizophrenia patients have markedly elevated prevalence of diabetes compared with the general population. However, risk of mortality and diabetes-related complications among schizophrenia patients with co-occurring diabetes is understudied. Aims We investigated whether schizophrenia increased the risk of overall mortality, complications and post-complication mortality in people with diabetes. Method This population-based, propensity-score matched (1:10) cohort study identified 6991 patients with incident diabetes and pre-existing schizophrenia and 68 682 patients with incident diabetes only between 2001 and 2016 in Hong Kong using a medical record database of public healthcare services. Association between schizophrenia and all-cause mortality was examined with a Cox proportional hazards model. Effect of schizophrenia on first-year complication occurrence following diabetes diagnosis and post-complication mortality rates were evaluated. Results Schizophrenia was associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.18), particularly among men and older age groups. Schizophrenia patients with diabetes had higher metabolic complication rate (aHR 1.99, 95% CI 1.63–2.42), lower microvascular complication rate (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86) and comparable macrovascular complication rate (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.85–1.03), relative to patients with diabetes only. Among patients with diabetes complications, schizophrenia was associated with elevated all-cause mortality after macrovascular (aHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37) and microvascular (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.64) complications. Gender-stratified analyses revealed that a significant effect of schizophrenia on heightened post-complication mortality was observed in men only. Conclusions Schizophrenia patients with co-occurring diabetes are at increased risk of excess mortality, including post-complication mortality. Further research identifying effective interventions is warranted to optimise diabetes-related outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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Risk of mortality associated with concomitant antidepressant and benzodiazepine therapy among patients with depression: a population-based cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-01854-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Han Eol Jeong ◽

Ha-Lim Jeon ◽

In-Sun Oh ◽

Woo Jung Kim ◽

Ju-Young Shin

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Healthcare Database ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background With antidepressants (ADs) having minimal therapeutic effects during the initial weeks of treatment, benzodiazepines (BZDs) are concomitantly used to alleviate depressive symptoms of insomnia or anxiety. However, with mortality risks associated with this concomitant use yet to be examined, it remains unclear as to whether this concomitant therapy offers any benefits in treating depression. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using South Korea’s nationwide healthcare database from 2002 to 2017. Of 2.6 million patients with depression, we identified 612,729 patients with incident depression and newly prescribed ADs or BZDs, by excluding those with a record of diagnosis or prescription within the 2 years prior to their incident diagnosis. We classified our study cohort into two discrete groups depending on the type of AD treatment received within 6 months of incident diagnosis—AD monotherapy and AD plus BZD (AD+BZD) therapy. We matched our study cohort in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores to balance baseline characteristics and obtain comparability among groups. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and patients were followed until the earliest of outcome occurrence or end of the study period. We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to estimate adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of mortality associated with AD+BZD therapy versus AD monotherapy. Results The propensity score-matched cohort had 519,780 patients with 259,890 patients in each group, where all baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups. Compared to AD monotherapy, AD+BZD therapy was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.06). Conclusions Concomitantly initiating BZDs with ADs was associated with a moderately increased risk of mortality. Clinicians should therefore exercise caution when deciding to co-prescribe BZDs with ADs in treating depression, as associated risks were observed.

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PR interval prolongation and 1-year mortality among emergency department patients: a multicentre transnational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e054238

Author(s):

Rune Vad ◽

Tobias Malte Larsen ◽

Helene Kildegaard ◽

Mikkel Brabrand ◽

Jakob Lundager Forberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

Interval Prolongation ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Pr Interval ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Emergency Department Patients

ObjectivesEmerging evidence supports that PR interval prolongation is associated with increased mortality. However, most previous studies have limited confounder control, and clinical impact in a population of acute ill patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-year all-cause mortality was increased in patients presenting with PR interval prolongation in the emergency department (ED).Design and settingWe conducted a register-based cohort study in two Swedish and two Danish EDs. We included all adult patients with an ECG performed at arrival to the Danish EDs during March 2013 to May 2014 and Swedish EDs during January 2010 to January 2011. Using propensity score matching, we analysed HR for 1-year all-cause mortality comparing patients with PR interval prolongation (>200 ms) and normal PR interval (120–200 ms).Participants and resultsWe included 106 124 patients. PR interval prolongation occurred in 8.9% (95% CI 8.7% to 9.0%); these patients were older and had more comorbidity than those with a normal PR interval. The absolute 1-year risk of death was 13% (95% CI 12.3% to 13.7%) for patients with PR interval prolongation and 7.9% (95% CI 7.7% to 8.0%) for those without. After confounder adjustments by propensity score matching, PR interval prolongation showed no association with 1-year mortality with a HR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.93% to 1.08%).ConclusionPR interval prolongation does not constitute an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality in ED patients.

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Body mass index and risk of all-cause mortality in normotensive and hypertensive adults: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001592 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Qionggui Zhou ◽

Xuejiao Liu ◽

Yang Zhao ◽

Pei Qin ◽

Yongcheng Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Chinese Cohort ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: The impact of baseline hypertension status on the BMI–mortality association is still unclear. We aimed to examine the moderation effect of hypertension on the BMI–mortality association using a rural Chinese cohort. Design: In this cohort study, we investigated the incident of mortality according to different BMI categories by hypertension status. Setting: Longitudinal population-based cohort Participants: 17,262 adults ≥18 years were recruited from July to August of 2013 and July to August of 2014 from a rural area in China. Results: During a median 6-year follow-up, we recorded 1109 deaths (610 with and 499 without hypertension). In adjusted models, as compared with BMI 22-24 kg/m2, with BMI ≤18, 18-20, 20-22, 24-26, 26-28, 28-30 and >30 kg/m2, the HRs (95% CI) for mortality in normotensive participants were 1.92 (1.23-3.00), 1.44 (1.01-2.05), 1.14 (0.82-1.58), 0.96 (0.70-1.31), 0.96 (0.65-1.43), 1.32 (0.81-2.14), and 1.32 (0.74-2.35) respectively, and in hypertensive participants were 1.85 (1.08-3.17), 1.67 (1.17-2.39), 1.29 (0.95-1.75), 1.20 (0.91-1.58), 1.10 (0.83-1.46), 1.10 (0.80-1.52), and 0.61 (0.40-0.94) respectively. The risk of mortality was lower in individuals with hypertension with overweight or obesity versus normal weight, especially in older hypertensives (≥60 years old). Sensitivity analyses gave consistent results for both normotensive and hypertensive participants. Conclusions: Low BMI was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality regardless of hypertension status in rural Chinese adults, but high BMI decreased the mortality risk among individuals with hypertension, especially in older hypertensives.

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Renin-angiotensin system blocker and outcomes of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215322 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215322

Author(s):

Hyun Woo Lee ◽

Chang-Hwan Yoon ◽

Eun Jin Jang ◽

Chang-Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Receptor Blockers

BackgroundThe association of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) with disease severity of patients with COVID-19 is still unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate if ACEI/ARB use is associated with the risk of mortality and severe disease in patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe searched all available clinical studies that included patients with confirmed COVID-19 who could be classified into an ACEI/ARB group and a non-ACEI/ARB group up until 4 May 2020. A meta-analysis was performed, and primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and severe disease.ResultsACEI/ARB use did not increase the risk of all-cause mortality both in meta-analysis for 11 studies with 12 601 patients reporting ORs (OR=0.52 (95% CI=0.37 to 0.72), moderate certainty of evidence) and in 2 studies with 8577 patients presenting HRs. For 12 848 patients in 13 studies, ACEI/ARB use was not related to an increased risk of severe disease in COVID-19 (OR=0.68 (95% CI=0.44 to 1.07); I2=95%, low certainty of evidence).ConclusionsACEI/ARB therapy was not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality or severe manifestations in patients with COVID-19. ACEI/ARB therapy can be continued without concern of drug-related worsening in patients with COVID-19.

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Workload-indexed blood pressure response is superior to peak systolic blood pressure in predicting all-cause mortality

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319877268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 978-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kristofer Hedman ◽

Nicholas Cauwenberghs ◽

Jeffrey W Christle ◽

Tatiana Kuznetsova ◽

Francois Haddad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Metabolic Equivalents ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Clinical Exercise Testing

Aims The association between peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise testing and outcome remains controversial, possibly due to the confounding effect of external workload (metabolic equivalents of task (METs)) on peak SBP as well as on survival. Indexing the increase in SBP to the increase in workload (SBP/MET-slope) could provide a more clinically relevant measure of the SBP response to exercise. We aimed to characterize the SBP/MET-slope in a large cohort referred for clinical exercise testing and to determine its relation to all-cause mortality. Methods and results Survival status for male Veterans who underwent a maximal treadmill exercise test between the years 1987 and 2007 were retrieved in 2018. We defined a subgroup of non-smoking 10-year survivors with fewer risk factors as a lower-risk reference group. Survival analyses for all-cause mortality were performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs (95% confidence interval)) adjusted for baseline age, test year, cardiovascular risk factors, medications and comorbidities. A total of 7542 subjects were followed over 18.4 (interquartile range 16.3) years. In lower-risk subjects ( n = 709), the median (95th percentile) of the SBP/MET-slope was 4.9 (10.0) mmHg/MET. Lower peak SBP (<210 mmHg) and higher SBP/MET-slope (>10 mmHg/MET) were both associated with 20% higher mortality (adjusted HRs 1.20 (1.08–1.32) and 1.20 (1.10–1.31), respectively). In subjects with high fitness, a SBP/MET-slope > 6.2 mmHg/MET was associated with a 27% higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR 1.27 (1.12–1.45)). Conclusion In contrast to peak SBP, having a higher SBP/MET-slope was associated with increased risk of mortality. This simple, novel metric can be considered in clinical exercise testing reports.

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Acute cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with hyperthyroidism: a population-based cohort study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-16-0576 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 176 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Olaf M Dekkers ◽

Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó ◽

Suzanne C Cannegieter ◽

Jan P Vandenbroucke ◽

Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Population Based ◽

Arterial Embolism ◽

Registration System ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Objective Several studies have shown an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hyperthyroidism, but most studies have been too small to address the effect of hyperthyroidism on individual cardiovascular endpoints. Our main aim was to assess the association among hyperthyroidism, acute cardiovascular events and mortality. Design It is a nationwide population-based cohort study. Data were obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish National Patient Registry, which covers all Danish hospitals. We compared the rate of all-cause mortality as well as venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic and non-ischemic stroke, arterial embolism, atrial fibrillation (AF) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the two cohorts. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Results The study included 85 856 hyperthyroid patients and 847 057 matched population-based controls. Mean follow-up time was 9.2 years. The HR for mortality was highest in the first 3 months after diagnosis of hyperthyroidism: 4.62, 95% CI: 4.40–4.85, and remained elevated during long-term follow-up (>3 years) (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.33–1.37). The risk for all examined cardiovascular events was increased, with the highest risk in the first 3 months after hyperthyroidism diagnosis. The 3-month post-diagnosis risk was highest for atrial fibrillation (HR: 7.32, 95% CI: 6.58–8.14) and arterial embolism (HR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.30–8.61), but the risks of VTE, AMI, ischemic and non-ischemic stroke and PCI were increased also 2- to 3-fold. Conclusions We found an increased risk for all-cause mortality and acute cardiovascular events in patients with hyperthyroidism.

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