scholarly journals Evaluating the implications of Brexit for research collaboration and policy: a network analysis and simulation study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e025025
Author(s):  
George Garas ◽  
Isabella Cingolani ◽  
Vanash M Patel ◽  
Pietro Panzarasa ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of the European Union (EU) as a research collaborator in the UK’s success as a global leader in healthcare research and innovation and quantify the impact that Brexit may have.DesignNetwork and regression analysis of scientific collaboration, followed by simulation models based on alternative scenarios.SettingInternational real-world collaboration network among all countries involved in robotic surgical research and innovation.Participants772 organisations from industry and academia nested within 56 countries and connected through 2397 collaboration links.Main outcome measuresResearch impact measured through citations and innovation value measured through the innovation index.ResultsGlobally, the UK ranks third in robotic surgical innovation, and the EU constitutes its prime collaborator. Brokerage opportunities and collaborators’ geographical diversity are associated with a country’s research impact (c=211.320 and 244.527, respectively; p<0·01) and innovation (c=18.819 and 30.850, respectively; p<0·01). Replacing EU collaborators with US ones is the only strategy that could benefit the UK, but on the condition that US collaborators are chosen among the top-performing ones, which is likely to be very difficult and costly, at least in the short term.ConclusionsThis study suggests what has long been argued, namely that the UK-EU research partnership has been mutually beneficial and that its continuation represents the best possible outcome for both negotiating parties. However, the uncertainties raised by Brexit necessitate looking beyond the EU for potential research partners. In the short term, the UK’s best strategy might be to try and maintain its academic links with the EU. In the longer term, strategic relationships with research powerhouses, including the USA, China and India, are likely to be crucial for the UK to remain a global innovation leader.

The Scottish Conservatives and Europe: The Reluctant Brexit Party

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Anthony Salamone
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The European Union ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

As Scottish Conservative leader, Ruth Davidson was a prominent campaigner for a ‘Remain’ vote in the European Union referendum of June 2016. Following the 2017 general election, meanwhile, Davidson repositioned herself as someone who could – aided by 13 Scottish Tory MPs in the House of Commons – influence the Brexit negotiations and nudge the UK Conservative Party towards a ‘soft’ rather than ‘hard’ deal with the EU. This chapter considers the impact of Brexit on the Scottish Conservatives during the leadership of Ruth Davidson in four dimensions: Brexit’s distinct Scottish political context, its electoral consequences, the conduct of Brexit within the UK, and the Brexit negotiations themselves. It concludes with reflections on the future prospects for the Scottish party in light of all four dimensions.

11. Financial crime

2019 ◽  
pp. 420-451
Author(s):  
Jeremy Horder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Corporate Activity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines three major examples of financial crime: fraud, bribery, and money laundering. The importance of financial crime, and of vigorous prosecution policies in relation to it, should not be underestimated. Fraud accounts for no less than one third of all crimes captured by the Crime Survey for England and Wales. The European Union Parliament has estimated that corruption costs the EU between €179 and €990 billion each year. Finally, the Home Office estimates that the impact of money laundering on the UK economy is likely to exceed £90 billion. An understanding of these crimes, and in particular the way that they reflect corporate activity, is nowadays essential to the study of criminal law.

The Impact of Brexit on EU27 on Trade, Investments and Financial Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scheherazade S. Rehman ◽  
Pompeo Della Posta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

On June 23, 2016, the UK decided to leave the European Union (EU), commonly known as “Brexit”. The UK has two years to conclude their new arrangement with the EU27 after evoking Article 50 Treaty of Lisbon officially, which it did on March 27, 2017. While there is a range of possible trade agreements most are unlikely as they would either imply repudiating firm EU legal principles or strong promises that the current UK government is committed to maintain. The article discusses these options. Moreover, the article focuses on the trade and investment flows between the UK and EU27 and discusses the possible short-term implications of Brexit with a specific attention to the most impacted sector, that of financial services.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hard Brexit on Polish Exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Jakub Borowski ◽  
Jakub Olipra ◽  
Paweł Błaszyński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
First Year ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The decision of the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) is unprecedented, especially considering the recent trend in the global economy toward economic integration. There is a multitude of research concerning the implications of economic integration; however, research in the field of disintegration is scarce. Brexit serves as an interesting case study to investigate the effects of economic disintegration. The implications for trade are especially fascinating as trade liberalization is one of the most important benefits of economic integration. Existing studies focus mainly on Brexit’s impact on the UK’s exports and imports, while less attention has been paid to Brexit’s effects on the trade of other countries. The main objective of our research is to estimate Brexit’s influence on Polish exports. We present several possible scenarios of future trade relations between the UK and the EU and assume that, at least in the nearest-future post-Brexit scenario, trade under the World Trade Organization rules is most likely. This will result in the imposition of tariffs on trade between the UK and the EU members, including Poland. In our research, we used the real exchange rate of the Polish zloty against the British pound as a proxy for the changes in price competitiveness of Polish exports due to the imposition of tariffs. We find that in the first year after Brexit, the dynamics of Polish exports to the UK will decrease due to the imposition of customs duties by 1.3 percentage points (pp) and by 0.1 pp when it comes to total Polish exports. This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of disintegration on trade. We propose a new method for assessing changes in trade volume due to increase of trade barriers.

scholarly journals Variegated Europeanization and urban policy: Dynamics of policy transfer in France, Italy, Spain and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Carpenter ◽  
Moneyba González Medina ◽  
María Ángeles Huete García ◽  
Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper explores the dynamics of urban policy transfer in the European Union (EU), critically examining the process of Europeanization in relation to urban issues. The paper takes a comparative approach, analysing the evolution of urban policy and Europeanization in four member states: France, Italy, Spain and the UK from the 1990s up to the current Cohesion Policy period (2014–2020). Using an analytical framework based on three dimensions of Europeanization (direction, object and impact), we examine the extent to which urban policies are moving towards an integrated approach to sustainable urban development, as supported by the EU. The paper highlights the contradictions between processes of convergence through Europeanization, and path-dependent systems and trajectories that forge alternative paths. In doing so, it advances wider debates on the impact of Europeanization in a neo-liberal context by arguing that member states more likely to be affected by Europeanization are those most impacted by national austerity measures. A process of ‘variegated Europeanization’ is proposed to capture the differential practices taking place within the EU with regard to the circulation of the EU’s approach to urban policy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Brexit on the Environment: Exploring the Dynamics of a Complex Relationship

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hilson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe departure of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) (often referred to as ‘Brexit’) is likely to have a significant impact on the environment. In this article I argue against seeing the traffic as all one way. While there was a temptation for the advocates of staying in the EU, in the context of referendum campaigning, to portray the UK as a laggard pressured into positive environmental performance by the EU as leader, the reality is that the UK has also strengthened the EU’s environmental policy in some areas and seen its own weakened in others. Influence in both directions has also varied over time. The article goes on to consider core ‘Leave’ arguments around sovereignty and ‘taking back control’, exploring the implications of these in the specific context of environmental governance. In discussing subsidiarity, it concludes that leaving the EU will not remove the need for pooling some sovereignty over environmental matters at the international level and, in the context of devolution, at the UK level.

scholarly journals Romania’s Tourism - Effects of the Accession

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela SIMTION ◽  
Roxana LUCA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Financing ◽  
Hardware Industry ◽  
The Eu

Romania’s accession to the European Union produced a number of effects on local economy, both positive and negative. Market specialists say that the positive effects of the accession are felt by improved services, improved healthcare and improved education or by creating efficient markets. The first areas that have felt the impact of the EU accession are: leasing, SMEs, telephony, internet, hardware industry, software industry etc. In contrast, there are areas that feel the effects after a longer period, and here enters the capital market, banking industry, tourism or HR industry (hotels and restaurants) and agriculture. While top areas in terms of performance, feel the positive effects of accession in the short term, certain sectors of the economy disappear or restrict their activity. Tourism and transport are areas that benefit from the accession, the main advantages, which Romania counts as attractive, in competition with other traditional destinations of the world, are: geographical position in Europe, accessibility by air links with most capitals and cultural tourism so fascinating for foreigners. The accession also brings an increase of professionalism of the services offered by hotel operators. In particular, the effects of our country's integration into the European Union touch many aspects of which are noted:increased competition, resulting in improved tourism offer; access to international financing; rebuilding infrastructure; increase of tourism traffic to and from our country.

scholarly journals Unintended repercussions of Brexit? The departure of skilled Germans from Britain after the referendum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Stawarz ◽  
Nils Witte
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
The Eu

Although the referendum on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union—better known by its portmanteau Brexit—had no immediate legal consequences for migrants, the changed public atmosphere and looming consequences for their status are creating uncertainty among migrants in the UK. This article analyses the impact of Brexit on Germans who lived in the UK and returned to Germany in 2017/18. Our analysis relies on the first wave of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS), a novel probability-based sample of German return migrants from the EU member countries. The results show that more than half of German return migrants from the UK are strongly affected by Brexit. Furthermore, those who returned on account of Brexit are more likely to blame the political situation, the lack of social security, and their dissatisfaction with life in their host country than those who did not return on account of Brexit – or than those returning from other EU15 member countries. In sum, our results indicate that Brexit may have the unintended consequence of driving out skilled and socio-culturally more integrated migrants who had been living in the UK for several years.

8. Membership of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Webley ◽  
Harriet Samuels
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
Parliamentary Supremacy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter, which provides an overview of the relationship between the European Union and the UK, and the impact of this relationship on Parliament’s legislative supremacy, begins by considering the nature of the EU and the sources of EU law. It then examines how EU membership affects the UK legal order, and its implications for parliamentary supremacy, and also discusses what the reform of the EU means for parliamentary supremacy. It considers, briefly, the impact of different Brexit options on the UK’s constitutional framework.

scholarly journals Brexit and the UN Security Council: declining British influence?

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Gifkins ◽  
Samuel Jarvis ◽  
Jason Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union has ramifications beyond the UK and the EU. This article analyses the impact of the Brexit referendum on the UK's political capital in the United Nations Security Council; a dimension of Brexit that has received little attention thus far. Drawing on extensive elite interviews we show that the UK has considerable political capital in the Council, where it is seen as one of the most effective actors, but the reputational costs of Brexit are tarnishing this image. With case-studies on the UK's role in Somalia and Yemen we show how the UK has been able to further its interests with dual roles in the EU and Security Council, and the risks posed by tensions between trade and human rights after Brexit. We also analyse what it takes to be influential within the Security Council and argue that more attention should be paid to the practices of diplomacy. Influence is gained via penholding, strong diplomatic skill and a well-regarded UN permanent representative. The UK accrues political capital as a leader on the humanitarian and human rights side of the Council's agenda, but this reputation is at risk as it exits the EU.

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