scholarly journals Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e029858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽  
Bibiane Siaheu Kameni ◽  
Felix Kembe Assah ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna ◽  
Saint-Just Petnga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Consumption

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence estimates of some major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young adult-aged population living in Yaoundé, Cameroon.DesignA cross-sectional study held from May to July 2017.SettingParticipantsStudents aged 18–35 years, with no known history of CVD, found at the campus during recruitment and who voluntarily agreed to be included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were collected on personal and family history as well as lifestyle and nutritional habits; anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Prevalence rates were calculated with their respective 95% CI.ResultsOverall, 931 participants (53.8% males) were included, with a median age of 23 years (IQR 21–25). The prevalence estimates for some major CVD risk factors were: 3.1% (95% CI 2.0 to 4.2) for family history of heart attack, 6.3% (95% CI 4.7 to 7.9) for family history of stroke, 26.7% (95% CI 23.9 to 29.5) for hazardous alcohol consumption, 0.9% (95% 0.3 to 1.5) for current tobacco smoking, 27.6% (95% CI 24.7 to 30.5) for secondhand smoking, 88.9% (95% CI 86.9 to 90.9) for physical inactivity, 99.0% (95% CI 98.4 to 99.6) for inadequate fruits and/or vegetables consumption, 39.8% (95% CI 36.7 to 42.9) for self-reported anxiety, 49.2% (95% CI 46.0 to 52.4) for self-reported depression, 22.1% (95% CI 19.4 to 24.8) for overweight, 3.9% (95% CI 2.7 to 5.1) for obesity, 14.4% (95% CI 12.1 to 16.7) for abdominal obesity, 14.5% (95% CI 12.2 to 16.8) for excess body fat mass, 30.0% (95% CI 27.1 to 32.9) for suspected prehypertension and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9) for suspected hypertension.ConclusionThe prevalence of some major CVD risk factors is high among young adults living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Therefore, specific actions should be undertaken in this population to mitigate the upcoming burden of CVD. Accordingly, younger-aged adult populations should be encouraged and accompanied to practice physical activity, eat healthily, and stop or avoid smoking and/or hazardous alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016048 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Castro-Piñero ◽  
Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso ◽  
Luis Gracia-Marco ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveEarly detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain.Participants2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1–4 and 7–10.MeasuresPubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated.ResultsNC was positively correlated with all anthropometric and body composition indices. NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, p<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, p<0.001 for girls) and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin, adiponectin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2from 0.035 to 0.353, p<0.01 for boys; R2from 0.024 to 0.215, p<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein, LDL-c and visfatin only in boys (R2from 0.013 to 0.107, p<0.05).ConclusionNC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.

scholarly journals Study on Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Naresh Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Males have slightly higher prevalence than female in most of countries of Southeast-Asian region.Objective: The objective of study is to find out prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension at Sipaghat, Sindhulchowk, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk district in May 2016 and 260 persons were selected randomly. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male (25.4%) than female (17.4%). Mean age of study population was 42.08 years with standard deviation, 15.95 years. Variables namely age group, smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension were found to be significant at 5 percent level of significance. Alcohol consumption and smokers have more than two times higher chance of getting hypertension compared to alcohol non-consumer and nonsmoker with 95% confidence intervals were 1.08-4.80 and 1.21-6.10, respectively. Persons with family history of hypertension have 3.8 times more chance of getting hypertension compared to no family history of hypertension with 1.89-7.61 of 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lifestyle modification reduces blood pressure which prevents or delays the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled and prevented by modifying the lifestyle. People should be advised to avoid modifiable risk factors of hypertension like smoking, consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity through health education programs.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 73-82

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Acute MI in a Secondary Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ullah ◽  
Suman Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Toufiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Rashid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient groups of the country and Indian subcontinent. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated among the patients. Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. 66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/ dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more risk factors. Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN, DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients. The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 96-101

scholarly journals Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e014070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jung Kim ◽  
Ji Sung Lee ◽  
Juri Park ◽  
Dong Seop Choi ◽  
Doo Man Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

ObjectivesTo examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the Korean population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative population survey database.ParticipantsA total of 42 725 Koreans, aged 25–64 years, who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) II (2001) to VI (2013–2014).Main outcome measuresTrends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major CVD risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia).ResultsGender differences were noted in the time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Among men, low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, but not with obesity, diabetes or hypertension. The magnitudes of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes remained unchanged, and the magnitude of the inequality in hypertension decreased over time. However, among women, low SES was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Time trends towards increasing socioeconomic inequalities, measured by income, in smoking, obesity and diabetes were found in women. Unlike the other CVD risk factors, hypercholesterolaemia was not associated with socioeconomic inequality.ConclusionsSES had a stronger impact on major CVD risk factors among Korean women than men. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes worsened among Korean women over time. Public policies to prevent smoking, obesity and diabetes in women with lower SES are needed to address inequalities.

scholarly journals Dietary phytochemical index associated with cardiovascular risk factor in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Delshad Aghdam ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Ensieh Nasli Esfahani ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Asadollah Rajab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is useful and inexpensive method to identify the role of phytochemicals on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods A total of 261 participants aged 18–35 years with T1DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, glucose, and antioxidant level were measured. Food intakes were determined using a food frequency questionnaire to calculate DPI. Logistic regression was used. Results The mean age of participants was 25 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of DPI had 88% lower chance of hyperglycemia (P for trend = 0.020), 81% lower chance of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P for trend = 0.030) and 98% lower chance of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (P for tend = 0.040). There were no relationships between DPI and other CVD risk factors. Conclusions Although higher intake of phytochemical-rich foods had a beneficial effect on some risk factors of CVD, more studies more studies are warranted to corroborate the present findings.

Dietary sodium:potassium ratio and CVD risk factors among Japanese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study of pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Japanese Adults

AbstractFew studies have reported associations between the Na:K ratio and risk factors related to CVD among the general population in Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the dietary Na:K ratio association with CVD risk factors among Japanese adults. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 800 Japanese participants (19 386 men and 29 414 women) aged ≥20 years, registered in the 2003–2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariate OR and 95 % CI for risk of hypertension, high glycated HbA1c levels, hypercholesterolaemia, low serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and high non-HDL-cholesterol levels according to the Na:K ratio were estimated using logistic regression models. Dietary Na:K ratio decreased for both men and women from 2003 to 2017. Higher Na:K ratio and higher hypertension prevalence were observed (multivariate OR (fifth v. first quintiles) 1·27, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·40; Pfor trend < 0·001 for men and 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·23; Pfor trend = 0·007 for women). Higher Na:K ratio was associated with higher prevalence of high HbA1c levels in men (multivariate OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·24, 1·96). Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels was increased with higher Na:K ratio (Pfor trend =0·002 for men and <0·001 for women). No significant associations were found between Na:K ratio and hypercholesterolaemia in men or high non-HDL-cholesterol levels in both men and women. Our findings suggest that dietary Na:K ratio is associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Nigerian ART-naive HIV population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e019664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeme E Ekrikpo ◽  
Effiong E Akpan ◽  
John U Ekott ◽  
Aminu K Bello ◽  
Ikechi G Okpechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesHIV infection environment presents a classic example of the interplay between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors abound in the HIV population even before initiation of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and predispose them to the development of stroke and myocardial infarction. This work focuses on determining the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors among ARV-naive HIV individuals in southern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of ARV-naive patients initiating care at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital HIV clinic cohort to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe sample consisted of 4925 assessed for hypertension, 5223 for obesity, 1818 for DM and 926 for dyslipidaemia. Hypertension prevalence was 26.7% (95% CI 25.5% to 28.0%) with a male preponderance (p=0.02). DM was found in 5.6% (95% CI 4.5% to 6.7%), obesity in 8.3% (95% CI 7.6% to 9.1%) and dyslipidaemia in 29.1% (95% CI 26.1% to 32.1%) with a high prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-c (42.6%). Hypertension was independently associated with age (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.05), p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08), p<0.001), obesity with age (OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), p<0.001), male gender (OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.49), p<0.001) and CD4 count (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.53), p<0.001) while dyslipidaemia was associated with BMI (OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), p=0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors is high in this ART-naive HIV population. An integrated approach of HIV and NCD screening/treatment may be relevant for centres in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Law enforcement and cardiovascular risk: Findings of a cross-sectional study from Rural Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Carolin Elizabeth George ◽  
Norman Gift ◽  
Devashri Mukherjee ◽  
Tatarao Maddipati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Police Personnel

Background: Police personnel experience job-related factors that put them at risk of heart disease. Close encounter with difficult situations and unpredictability of working hours posethem with high stress which can increase the chance of heart disease. Aims and Objective: The current study aims to find out the prevalence of individual and aggregated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and a10 year risk prediction of a fatal or non-fatal cardiac events using the Framingham risk score.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 60 police personnel of Devanahalli Taluk in Bangalore rural district. The study comprised a pre tested semi structured questionnaire; body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, and random plasma glucose estimation. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for Framingham risk score with individual CVD risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was done to measure the association of CVD risk factors with Framingham risk score.Results: The prevalence of aggregated cardiovascular risk was high, 85% of them had a combination of 2 or more risk factors. Greater age (> 50 years), smoking, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and presence of hypertension were significantly associate with high 10 year CVD risk categories. Age and systolic blood pressure showed a significant positive correlation with CVD risk.Conclusion: An alarming 40% of the police personnel had a high risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiac event in the next 10 years. This warrants the need for regular CVD risk factor screening and targeted health education programs along with lifestyle modification counselling.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 49-54

scholarly journals The relationship of coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in elderly patients with T2DM

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Sayed Ghavami ◽  
Mehran Khoshtinat ◽  
Sepehr Sadeghi-Farah ◽  
Arman Bayati Kalimani ◽  
Suzie Ferrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Clinical studies suggest increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diabetes among the elderly. Meanwhile, some food compounds, such as coffee, can also have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This cross-sectional study was performed during 2017 on 300 elderly people above 60 years of age with T2DM in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was performed using a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee consumption was classified into three groups including < 1, 1–3, and > 3 cups/day. Partial correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and usual coffee consumption. Results The mean age and body mass index of participants were 70.04 ± 4.87 years and 24.74 ± 3.34 kg/m2 respectively. Coffee consumption had a significant inverse relationship with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the elderly with T2DM (r: − 0.117, 0.134; p: 0.046, 0.022). Triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had a significant positive relationship with coffee consumption levels (r: 0.636, 0.128; p: 0.028, 0.029). These results were obtained after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion Increasing coffee consumption was linked to improved status of some CVD risk factors including FPG, HDL-C, and DBP in the elderly with T2DM. Nevertheless, increasing coffee consumption was also associated with higher TG level and had no significant effect on other risk factors. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Interaction between CETP polymorphism and dietary insulin index and load in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Abaj ◽  
Masoumeh Rafiee ◽  
Fariba Koohdani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractGene–diet interactions may play an important role in the inter individual diversity observed in on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the interaction of CETP TaqB1 polymorphism with dietary insulin index and load (DII and DIL), in altering on CVD risk factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 220 type 2 diabetic patients (134 females and 86 male) with a mean age of 52.24 years in Tehran, Iran. DIL and DII were obtained via validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α). interleukin 18 (IL18), leptin and ghrelin were measured by standard protocol. Patients with B1B1 genotype had lower lipid profiles include LDL/HDL (P < 0.001) and TG (P = 0.04) when they consumed diets higher on the DIL and DII index. Moreover, carriers of B2B2 genotype who were in the last tertile of DIL had higher antioxidant and inflammatory markers include SOD (P = 0.01), PGF2α (P = 0.04) and CRP (P = 0.02). Further, a significant interaction between CETP TaqB1 and DII was shown in terms of WC (P = 0.01), where the highest WC were observed in B2B2 genotype carriers following a DII score. However, the highest inflammatory and antioxidant markers include CRP (P = 0.04), TAC (P = 0.01), SOD (P = 0.02), and PGF2α (P = 0.02) were observed in B2B2 genotype carriers when they consumed diets higher on the DII index. Based on the current study, it could be proposed that CETP polymorphism may be associated with CVD risk factors in T2DM patients with high following insulin indices, including DII and DIL. It seems that CETP Taq1B polymorphism can invert the result produced by insulin. This conclusion illustrates that the CETP Taq1B B1 allele could counteract the CVD risk induced by high DII and DIL.

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